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法律圖書館>>法治動態>>法規釋義>>中國保(bao)(bao)監(jian)會《關于(yu)做好2008年農(nong)業保(bao)(bao)險工(gong)作保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)農(nong)業和(he)糧(liang)食生產穩(wen)定發展的指(zhi)導意(yi)見》解讀

中國保監會《關于做好2008年農業保險工作保障農業和糧食生產穩定發展的指導意見》解讀

//cciia.org.cn　 2008-4-10

中國保監(jian)會《關于做好2008年農(nong)業(ye)保險工(gong)作保障農(nong)業(ye)和糧食生產穩定發(fa)展(zhan)的指導意見》解讀(du)

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問：中國(guo)保(bao)監會制定《關于做好2008年農業(ye)保(bao)險(xian)工作保(bao)障農業(ye)和糧食生產穩定發展的(de)指導(dao)意見》的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)目的(de)是什么？

答：中國保監會(hui)為了貫徹落實中央(yang)(yang)1號文件和全國農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)視電(dian)話會(hui)議(yi)精神，全面落實中央(yang)(yang)財政(zheng)各項保費補(bu)貼政(zheng)策(ce)，發(fa)揮政(zheng)策(ce)杠桿作(zuo)用，促(cu)進農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保險(xian)(xian)發(fa)展，做(zuo)好2008年農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保險(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，擴大農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保險(xian)(xian)覆(fu)蓋面，充(chong)分發(fa)揮農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保險(xian)(xian)在農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)抗(kang)災(zai)減災(zai)以(yi)及災(zai)后(hou)恢復重建中的作(zuo)用，調動和保護農(nong)民種糧(liang)(liang)積極性，促(cu)進農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產發(fa)展，研究制定了《關于(yu)做(zuo)好2008年農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保險(xian)(xian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)保障農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)產穩定發(fa)展的指導(dao)意見》（以(yi)下簡稱《指導(dao)意見》）。

問：2007年我國(guo)農業保(bao)險開展情況如何(he)？主(zhu)要(yao)有那些特點？

答(da)：近幾(ji)年以來(lai)，我國(guo)政策(ce)性(xing)農(nong)業(ye)保險(xian)飛速發(fa)展，年均增(zeng)長(chang)率超過120%，特別是2007年，農(nong)業(ye)保險(xian)規模不斷壯大(da)，服務領(ling)域逐步(bu)拓寬，各項試(shi)點穩(wen)步(bu)推(tui)進，在防范(fan)抵御農(nong)業(ye)風(feng)險(xian)、促進農(nong)民(min)增(zeng)收(shou)、維護農(nong)村(cun)穩(wen)定、保障和促進社會主義(yi)新農(nong)村(cun)建設方面發(fa)揮(hui)了(le)積(ji)極作用。

一是業務快速(su)(su)發展，服務面(mian)迅速(su)(su)擴(kuo)大。截至2007年底，農(nong)(nong)業保(bao)(bao)險(xian)已覆(fu)蓋(gai)全國(guo)所有(you)省（市、自(zi)治區）。農(nong)(nong)作物(wu)承保(bao)(bao)面(mian)積達(da)到(dao)2.31億(yi)(yi)(yi)畝(mu)，承保(bao)(bao)大小(xiao)牲畜達(da)到(dao)5771.39萬頭（只），家禽(qin)3.25億(yi)(yi)(yi)羽（只）。農(nong)(nong)業保(bao)(bao)險(xian)覆(fu)蓋(gai)全國(guo)4980.85萬（戶次）農(nong)(nong)戶，保(bao)(bao)險(xian)金額達(da)到(dao)1126億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)；保(bao)(bao)費收(shou)(shou)入(ru)達(da)到(dao)51.84億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，同(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)514.95%，其中，種植(zhi)業保(bao)(bao)險(xian)實現保(bao)(bao)費收(shou)(shou)入(ru)32.15億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，同(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)328.67％；養(yang)殖(zhi)業保(bao)(bao)險(xian)保(bao)(bao)費收(shou)(shou)入(ru)19.69億(yi)(yi)(yi)元(yuan)，同(tong)比增(zeng)長(chang)2017.2％。

二(er)是(shi)能(neng)(neng)繁母(mu)豬(zhu)保(bao)(bao)險迅速(su)(su)推(tui)進(jin)。《國(guo)務(wu)院關于促(cu)(cu)進(jin)生豬(zhu)生產發(fa)展穩定市(shi)場供應的(de)(de)意見(jian)》（國(guo)發(fa)[2007]22號）下發(fa)后，保(bao)(bao)監(jian)會迅速(su)(su)部署相關工作，指導各保(bao)(bao)險公司與畜(chu)牧(mu)獸(shou)醫部門加強合作，共同(tong)促(cu)(cu)進(jin)生豬(zhu)防疫工作；組織(zhi)開發(fa)新的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險條款(kuan)，將所有疫病(bing)(bing)（疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)）、自然災害、意外事件和政府撲殺(sha)納入賠償責任(ren)；要(yao)求(qiu)保(bao)(bao)險公司通過(guo)發(fa)放宣傳(chuan)冊、招貼畫和鄉(xiang)村電臺、廣(guang)播等形式，廣(guang)泛宣傳(chuan)國(guo)家(jia)支農惠農政策。截(jie)至2008年3月28日，全國(guo)共承保(bao)(bao)能(neng)(neng)繁母(mu)豬(zhu)3717.1萬頭，提(ti)供風險保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)374.7億(yi)元。能(neng)(neng)繁母(mu)豬(zhu)保(bao)(bao)險覆(fu)蓋面(mian)突破80%，成為(wei)發(fa)展速(su)(su)度(du)最快的(de)(de)農業保(bao)(bao)險險種。

三(san)是涉農(nong)保險產品更加豐富。保險公司因地制宜創新農(nong)業保險產品，除(chu)主要糧(liang)食作(zuo)物保險外，還開(kai)展了林(lin)木、油(you)菜(cai)、香蕉、煙葉等特色作(zuo)物保險，及(ji)農(nong)產品價格、農(nong)產品質(zhi)量(liang)和天氣(qi)(qi)氣(qi)(qi)象指數保險等，涉及(ji)糧(liang)食作(zuo)物、經濟作(zuo)物、蔬(shu)菜(cai)園(yuan)藝、生豬、家(jia)禽、水產養殖等多個領域。

四(si)是中(zhong)央財(cai)政首次(ci)投入保(bao)費補(bu)(bu)貼。2007年，中(zhong)央財(cai)政首次(ci)對大豆、玉米、小麥、水稻、棉花、能繁(fan)母豬等6個種(zhong)植(zhi)業(ye)和(he)養殖(zhi)業(ye)保(bao)險進行保(bao)費補(bu)(bu)貼。在6個試點省區承保(bao)面積(ji)達到1.48億(yi)畝，占(zhan)試點省份播種(zhong)面積(ji)的43.88%，保(bao)險金額344.29億(yi)元(yuan)。

五是農(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險作(zuo)用日(ri)益凸顯。農(nong)業(ye)保(bao)險在應對極端(duan)天氣(qi)變化(hua)、推動(dong)農(nong)民迅速(su)(su)恢復生產等方面發揮了積(ji)(ji)(ji)極作(zuo)用。如2007年10月7日(ri)，臺風“羅(luo)莎”正面登(deng)陸浙(zhe)江，導(dao)致余(yu)杭區超(chao)過二(er)成水稻(dao)嚴重受(shou)災，為幫(bang)助(zhu)農(nong)民盡快(kuai)補(bu)種，保(bao)險公司(si)迅速(su)(su)賠付1060萬元，積(ji)(ji)(ji)極挽救了農(nong)業(ye)生產。2008年1月份(fen)發生在我(wo)國大部分地區的(de)雨雪冰凍災害，導(dao)致大量(liang)生豬凍死，目前保(bao)險公司(si)已賠款7744.4萬元，涉及(ji)7.3萬頭能繁(fan)母(mu)豬，為災后(hou)生豬生產的(de)盡快(kuai)恢復發揮了積(ji)(ji)(ji)極作(zuo)用。

六(liu)是農業(ye)防(fang)(fang)災防(fang)(fang)損(sun)體(ti)系建設不斷加強。在做好保險理賠服務(wu)的同時，保險業(ye)充分發揮保險防(fang)(fang)災防(fang)(fang)損(sun)功能，提升全社會(hui)防(fang)(fang)災抗災能力。

七是政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)性(xing)農業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)服(fu)務(wu)網絡(luo)初具規模。經(jing)過幾年的(de)(de)發展(zhan)，我國(guo)(guo)已形(xing)成以中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)人(ren)保(bao)(bao)、中(zhong)華(hua)聯(lian)合兩家全(quan)國(guo)(guo)性(xing)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)，黑(hei)龍(long)江陽光(guang)、吉林安(an)華(hua)、上海安(an)信和(he)安(an)徽國(guo)(guo)元等4家專業(ye)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)性(xing)農業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)為主體的(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)性(xing)農業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)經(jing)營(ying)體系；逐步探(tan)索了政(zheng)(zheng)府與保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)共擔風險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)聯(lian)辦(ban)模式(shi)，政(zheng)(zheng)府承擔風險(xian)(xian)(xian)、保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)代為經(jing)營(ying)的(de)(de)代辦(ban)模式(shi)和(he)政(zheng)(zheng)府政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)支持下的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)(si)自營(ying)等不同(tong)經(jing)營(ying)模式(shi)。

  問：2008年農(nong)業保險(xian)工作(zuo)的基本原(yuan)則是什么？進一步擴大農(nong)業保險(xian)覆蓋面(mian)的主要措施有哪些(xie)？

答(da)：2008年(nian)，財政(zheng)部下發了《中(zhong)央財政(zheng)種植(zhi)業保險保費(fei)補(bu)貼管(guan)(guan)理辦法》和《中(zhong)央財政(zheng)養(yang)殖(zhi)業保險保費(fei)補(bu)貼管(guan)(guan)理辦法》。為此(ci)，農業保險工作(zuo)要(yao)按照“政(zheng)府引導、政(zheng)策支持、市(shi)場運作(zuo)、農民自愿”的(de)原則，全面貫(guan)徹落(luo)實(shi)中(zhong)央財政(zheng)安(an)排的(de)保費(fei)補(bu)貼規模(mo)、做(zuo)好協(xie)調地方財政(zheng)配套補(bu)貼，實(shi)現進一步(bu)擴(kuo)大農業保險覆蓋面的(de)工作(zuo)目標(biao)。

（一(yi)）努力(li)擴大(da)承保覆蓋面(mian)，為更多(duo)農(nong)戶(hu)提(ti)供農(nong)業(ye)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)保障(zhang)。一(yi)是要(yao)以中央(yang)和(he)地方(fang)財政(zheng)不斷加(jia)(jia)大(da)對農(nong)業(ye)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)保費(fei)補貼為契機，大(da)力(li)推進政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性農(nong)業(ye)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)的深入發展，進一(yi)步擴大(da)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性農(nong)業(ye)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)的覆蓋面(mian)；二是要(yao)加(jia)(jia)大(da)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性農(nong)業(ye)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)的輻射力(li)和(he)帶動(dong)力(li)，在做(zuo)好政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性農(nong)業(ye)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)保費(fei)補貼政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的同時(shi)，大(da)力(li)推動(dong)生豬(zhu)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)、經濟類農(nong)作物(wu)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)，積極為規模化養殖戶(hu)、龍頭企業(ye)及具有地方(fang)特色(se)農(nong)業(ye)服務，延伸(shen)保險(xian)(xian)(xian)服務領域(yu)，不斷滿(man)足農(nong)業(ye)和(he)糧食生產日益增長的保險(xian)(xian)(xian)需求，增強農(nong)業(ye)和(he)糧食生產抗(kang)御災害的能力(li)。

（二）認真(zhen)研究保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)任范圍，提供(gong)涵蓋農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)和(he)(he)(he)糧食生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)需要的(de)風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)保(bao)(bao)障。各(ge)(ge)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公司要深入研究農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民需求(qiu)，開(kai)(kai)發適合農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)和(he)(he)(he)糧食生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)(chan)品，使保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)任范圍涵蓋農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)和(he)(he)(he)糧食生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)的(de)全(quan)過程。一是要進一步完(wan)善和(he)(he)(he)細化農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)和(he)(he)(he)糧食生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)任，將自然(ran)災害、意(yi)外事故(gu)、病蟲(chong)害和(he)(he)(he)疫病等風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)納入保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)責(ze)任范圍。二是要在有(you)條件(jian)的(de)地區，積極研究探(tan)索開(kai)(kai)發保(bao)(bao)價(jia)格(ge)、保(bao)(bao)收入的(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)(chan)品。三是要探(tan)索開(kai)(kai)發涉(she)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)貸款的(de)信(xin)用保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)(bao)證保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，協(xie)助(zhu)解(jie)決種(zhong)養兩業(ye)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民“貸款難”問題。四是要探(tan)索開(kai)(kai)發農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品信(xin)用保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，協(xie)助(zhu)化解(jie)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品銷售環節面臨的(de)各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)收匯風險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。

（三）認真(zhen)研(yan)究可承保(bao)農產品種(zhong)，為(wei)多元(yuan)化農村經濟(ji)提供保(bao)險(xian)服務(wu)。一是(shi)要做好中央財(cai)政(zheng)支持的(de)(de)政(zheng)策性農業保(bao)險(xian)工(gong)作(zuo)。種(zhong)植業方面(mian)(mian)要做好小麥(mai)、水稻、玉米、棉花、以(yi)及大豆、油菜、花生等油料(liao)作(zuo)物(wu)的(de)(de)保(bao)險(xian)工(gong)作(zuo)；養(yang)殖(zhi)業方面(mian)(mian)要在繼續做好能繁母豬保(bao)險(xian)工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)同時，積極(ji)推進奶牛(niu)保(bao)險(xian)工(gong)作(zuo)。二是(shi)要積極(ji)開展地(di)方政(zheng)府(fu)確(que)定的(de)(de)補(bu)貼(tie)農產品種(zhong)保(bao)險(xian)，為(wei)地(di)方特色經濟(ji)作(zuo)物(wu)提供保(bao)險(xian)服務(wu)。

（四）認(ren)真(zhen)抓好(hao)(hao)重(zhong)(zhong)點區(qu)域、重(zhong)(zhong)點險(xian)(xian)種(zhong)的承保(bao)(bao)，確保(bao)(bao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)工(gong)作取得(de)實效。抓糧(liang)食(shi)主產(chan)區(qu)和畜牧業(ye)大省做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)工(gong)作，是保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)業(ye)迅速擴大農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)覆蓋面(mian)，積(ji)極做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)支農(nong)(nong)工(gong)作的重(zhong)(zhong)要途徑。在2007年(nian)吉林、內蒙古、江蘇、湖(hu)南、四川(chuan)、新(xin)疆6省的基礎(chu)上，重(zhong)(zhong)點在糧(liang)食(shi)主產(chan)區(qu)積(ji)極推進(jin)政策性農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)工(gong)作；能(neng)繁母豬(zhu)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)要在落(luo)實“應保(bao)(bao)盡保(bao)(bao)”工(gong)作的基礎(chu)上，做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)2008年(nian)的續(xu)保(bao)(bao)工(gong)作，并對補欄的能(neng)繁母豬(zhu)及時(shi)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)工(gong)作；奶牛保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)要以產(chan)奶大省為重(zhong)(zhong)點，及時(shi)做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)承保(bao)(bao)工(gong)作。

問：2008年將通過開(kai)展(zhan)哪些工作來進(jin)一(yi)步提(ti)升農業保險的服務能力和水平？

答(da)：2008年將從(cong)五個(ge)方面進一步提升農業保險的(de)服務能(neng)力和水平。

（一(yi)(yi)）加強(qiang)農業保險(xian)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)網(wang)絡(luo)建(jian)設。各保險(xian)公司(si)可在(zai)有(you)條(tiao)件的鄉(xiang)鎮建(jian)立(li)(li)營銷服(fu)(fu)務(wu)部，或者通過(guo)有(you)效(xiao)整合現有(you)的社會資源等(deng)方式，建(jian)立(li)(li)起有(you)效(xiao)的農業保險(xian)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)網(wang)絡(luo)，切實將農業保險(xian)的服(fu)(fu)務(wu)關口前(qian)移到涉農的第一(yi)(yi)線，使農民在(zai)防疫咨詢、投保服(fu)(fu)務(wu)、災后理(li)賠時(shi)能夠第一(yi)(yi)時(shi)間得(de)到保險(xian)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)。

（二(er)）加(jia)大對(dui)農(nong)業保險(xian)業務的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)策傾斜力度(du)。各保險(xian)公司(si)要(yao)針對(dui)農(nong)業保險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)業務特點，制定促(cu)進農(nong)業保險(xian)發(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)內部政(zheng)策，建立健全相應的(de)(de)(de)激(ji)勵(li)約(yue)束機制，切實調(diao)動基層員工的(de)(de)(de)積極性，切實調(diao)動社會各方面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)資源，全面(mian)(mian)促(cu)進農(nong)業保險(xian)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展。

在人力上，要向農(nong)(nong)業保(bao)險(xian)業務(wu)(wu)一線(xian)傾斜，向糧食主產區和畜(chu)牧業大省(sheng)傾斜，要調配農(nong)(nong)業保(bao)險(xian)業務(wu)(wu)水平高、熟(shu)悉農(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產、氣象(xiang)服務(wu)(wu)的人員(yuan)做好(hao)農(nong)(nong)業保(bao)險(xian)工作(zuo)。

  在物力上，要結(jie)合各(ge)地的(de)區(qu)域(yu)特點，配備農業保險發展(zhan)亟需的(de)交通、通訊工(gong)具，提供(gong)相(xiang)關后(hou)勤物品的(de)保障。

在資金上，要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證農(nong)業保(bao)險賠(pei)付資金的(de)預付和賠(pei)付，要(yao)(yao)保(bao)證資金及時、足額到賬，切實(shi)發揮農(nong)業保(bao)險的(de)補(bu)償作用。

（三）建立規范的(de)理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)服(fu)務(wu)流程。各(ge)保(bao)(bao)險公(gong)司要(yao)以(yi)提高(gao)理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)服(fu)務(wu)質量為核心(xin)，創(chuang)新服(fu)務(wu)方(fang)式(shi)，以(yi)高(gao)度的(de)事業心(xin)和責任感做好理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)服(fu)務(wu)。要(yao)制定規范的(de)承保(bao)(bao)、核保(bao)(bao)、查勘、定損(sun)和理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)流程，并(bing)在主要(yao)營業場所公(gong)示(shi)。要(yao)明確理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)時(shi)(shi)限(xian)，簡化理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)手續(xu)。各(ge)保(bao)(bao)險公(gong)司應(ying)在承保(bao)(bao)前，隨同產品備(bei)(bei)案(an)(an)文件，將(jiang)農業保(bao)(bao)險產品理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)時(shi)(shi)限(xian)、理(li)(li)(li)賠(pei)標準和流程一(yi)并(bing)備(bei)(bei)案(an)(an)，使用現(xian)有產品的(de)要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)補報。

（四）加大防(fang)災(zai)防(fang)損(sun)投入。各(ge)保險公司(si)要充分發揮防(fang)災(zai)防(fang)損(sun)費用的(de)積極(ji)作(zuo)用，在現有財務政(zheng)策允(yun)許的(de)范圍(wei)內，有效使用，以提(ti)高農(nong)業的(de)防(fang)災(zai)減災(zai)能力。

（五）加(jia)快農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才隊(dui)(dui)伍建設(she)。農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)涉(she)及面(mian)廣(guang)，必須(xu)不斷加(jia)快農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才隊(dui)(dui)伍的(de)建設(she)。要(yao)(yao)吸收懂保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)、懂農(nong)(nong)業(ye)、懂氣象(xiang)、懂動植(zhi)物病蟲(chong)害等方面(mian)的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才，尤其是懂多種學(xue)科的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)復合(he)型人(ren)(ren)(ren)才加(jia)入到保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)業(ye)隊(dui)(dui)伍；要(yao)(yao)通過直接組建農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才隊(dui)(dui)伍和借(jie)用、整合(he)外部(bu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源相結合(he)的(de)方式，盡快加(jia)強(qiang)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才隊(dui)(dui)伍的(de)建設(she)；要(yao)(yao)通過加(jia)強(qiang)對保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公司現有(you)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員的(de)培訓(xun)，迅(xun)速提高農(nong)(nong)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)才隊(dui)(dui)伍的(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)化(hua)水平。

  問(wen)：防(fang)范農業(ye)保險(xian)風險(xian)，加強風險(xian)管理的主要工(gong)作有哪些？

答：（一）要(yao)綜(zong)合考慮多種風(feng)險(xian)(xian)因素(su)，科(ke)(ke)學合理(li)地對(dui)農(nong)業保(bao)險(xian)(xian)產(chan)品進(jin)(jin)行定價。各保(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司在(zai)開發(fa)農(nong)業保(bao)險(xian)(xian)產(chan)品時，不僅要(yao)考慮農(nong)民(min)的(de)(de)承受能力(li)、財政(zheng)的(de)(de)補貼能力(li)，更(geng)要(yao)考慮到(dao)費率(lv)要(yao)與承擔的(de)(de)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)責(ze)任相匹配；不僅要(yao)考慮一般(ban)的(de)(de)農(nong)業凈損失率(lv)和必需的(de)(de)經(jing)營費用(yong)率(lv)，還要(yao)考慮到(dao)應對(dui)極端天氣引發(fa)的(de)(de)巨災損失，以及轉(zhuan)移風(feng)險(xian)(xian)所必須(xu)的(de)(de)費用(yong)成本；不僅要(yao)從(cong)農(nong)業、氣象、防疫等多個部(bu)門獲取長期的(de)(de)農(nong)業生產(chan)和災害發(fa)生情(qing)況，還要(yao)充分(fen)運(yun)用(yong)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)精(jing)算(suan)等專業技(ji)術手段進(jin)(jin)行科(ke)(ke)學分(fen)析測算(suan)，制定合理(li)的(de)(de)費率(lv)水(shui)平，逐(zhu)步探索農(nong)險(xian)(xian)產(chan)品費率(lv)市場化形成機制。

（二）加(jia)強承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保標的(de)的(de)風險(xian)管理。各保險(xian)公司要(yao)通過多種形式加(jia)強承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保標的(de)的(de)風險(xian)管理。要(yao)加(jia)強與氣象部門(men)合作，采取(qu)直接有效的(de)方(fang)式，及(ji)時將(jiang)氣象對(dui)農(nong)(nong)業生產(chan)的(de)影響及(ji)對(dui)策(ce)轉(zhuan)達給投保農(nong)(nong)戶，鼓勵和(he)動員農(nong)(nong)戶參與防(fang)災防(fang)損工作；要(yao)加(jia)強與畜牧部門(men)和(he)動物防(fang)疫部門(men)的(de)合作，將(jiang)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保標的(de)確認與動物防(fang)疫工作有機結合，提高承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)保質量，防(fang)范道德風險(xian)。

（三）要進一(yi)步加強(qiang)巨災(zai)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)理(li)。要積極(ji)利用保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)手段科學管(guan)理(li)農(nong)業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的巨災(zai)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。要建立(li)巨災(zai)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)應對(dui)機制(zhi)，分散和轉(zhuan)移巨災(zai)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，提高(gao)農(nong)業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)抵(di)御洪澇、干旱、臺風(feng)、雪災(zai)以及重大(da)疫情等巨災(zai)風(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的能(neng)力(li)，確保(bao)(bao)(bao)對(dui)受災(zai)農(nong)戶的賠付能(neng)力(li)。

各保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)應在制(zhi)定承保(bao)(bao)(bao)方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)時，應將風(feng)(feng)險(xian)分(fen)(fen)散方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)作為(wei)其中不可分(fen)(fen)割的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)內容(rong)。各保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)應科學分(fen)(fen)析自身的(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)承擔(dan)情況，并根(gen)據本公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)承受能力，科學安排相應的(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)分(fen)(fen)散方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)。再保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)應加強與直保(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)合作，在承保(bao)(bao)(bao)前積(ji)極(ji)幫助直保(bao)(bao)(bao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)共同分(fen)(fen)析農業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)，積(ji)極(ji)提(ti)出直保(bao)(bao)(bao)、再保(bao)(bao)(bao)“風(feng)(feng)險(xian)共擔(dan)、利益共享”的(de)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)分(fen)(fen)散方(fang)(fang)案(an)(an)。

（四）要(yao)切實控制成本(ben)支(zhi)出水平。農業保(bao)(bao)(bao)險點(dian)多、面(mian)廣，承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)標的較為分(fen)散(san)，承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)難度較大，承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)成本(ben)較高。各保(bao)(bao)(bao)險公司應(ying)切實加強成本(ben)控制，通過不斷擴(kuo)大承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)覆蓋面(mian)、創新承(cheng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)方式等(deng)多種(zhong)手段(duan)，有(you)效降低成本(ben)支(zhi)出水平，不斷降低經營費(fei)用率，從(cong)而(er)切實降低農民的負擔水平。

（五）要(yao)(yao)做到農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保險(xian)單(dan)獨核算。各(ge)(ge)保險(xian)公司要(yao)(yao)高度重視農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保險(xian)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)的單(dan)獨核算工作，要(yao)(yao)結合自身實(shi)(shi)際，完善信息系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，制(zhi)定具(ju)體的核算制(zhi)度和實(shi)(shi)施辦(ban)法。要(yao)(yao)對農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保險(xian)業(ye)(ye)務(wu)按(an)承保類別設定單(dan)獨險(xian)種代碼，在(zai)承保、理(li)賠(pei)、財務(wu)、再保等管(guan)理(li)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中實(shi)(shi)現單(dan)獨記(ji)錄和處理(li)，并定期對財務(wu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)與業(ye)(ye)務(wu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中的數據(ju)進行(xing)校驗，確保業(ye)(ye)務(wu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)數據(ju)與財務(wu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)數據(ju)的一(yi)致性。要(yao)(yao)按(an)照(zhao)《保險(xian)公司費用(yong)分(fen)攤指引》（保監(jian)發〔2006〕90號）有關要(yao)(yao)求，準(zhun)確認(ren)定各(ge)(ge)項(xiang)收(shou)入和費用(yong)的歸屬對象，不得(de)隨意分(fen)攤費用(yong)，不得(de)在(zai)經(jing)營(ying)費用(yong)中列(lie)支(zhi)(zhi)賠(pei)款性支(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)，也不得(de)在(zai)賠(pei)款性支(zhi)(zhi)出(chu)中列(lie)支(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)營(ying)費用(yong)。要(yao)(yao)通過(guo)單(dan)獨核算，真實(shi)(shi)反映各(ge)(ge)類農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保險(xian)的經(jing)營(ying)成果(guo)和損失賠(pei)付情況，以幫助各(ge)(ge)相(xiang)關部門準(zhun)確把(ba)握(wo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)風險(xian)狀況，及時(shi)調整(zheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)保險(xian)相(xiang)關政策。

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