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最高檢公安部有關部門負責人就標準(三)答記者問

//cciia.org.cn　 2012-5-28 10:02:14　 來源：正義網(wang)—檢(jian)察(cha)日報

　　2012年5月28日,最(zui)高(gao)人(ren)(ren)民(min)檢察(cha)院、公(gong)安部印發《最(zui)高(gao)人(ren)(ren)民(min)檢察(cha)院公(gong)安部關(guan)于(yu)公(gong)安機關(guan)管(guan)(guan)轄的(de)刑(xing)事案(an)(an)件立(li)案(an)(an)追訴(su)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)規定(三)》(下稱《立(li)案(an)(an)追訴(su)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(三)》),對公(gong)安機關(guan)毒品犯罪(zui)偵查部門管(guan)(guan)轄的(de)12種(zhong)毒品犯罪(zui)案(an)(an)件的(de)立(li)案(an)(an)追訴(su)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)作出了(le)規定。最(zui)高(gao)人(ren)(ren)民(min)檢察(cha)院和公(gong)安部有(you)關(guan)部門負責人(ren)(ren)日前就發布這(zhe)一文件回(hui)答了(le)記者的(de)提問。

　　問:請(qing)介(jie)紹一(yi)下《立案追訴標(biao)準(三)》制定的(de)背景與經過。

　　答:1997年刑法(fa)確定了12個毒(du)品(pin)犯(fan)罪(zui)罪(zui)名。由于(yu)刑法(fa)規定比(bi)較(jiao)原則(ze),有的毒(du)品(pin)犯(fan)罪(zui)案件沒有明確的立案追訴標(biao)準,實踐中對毒(du)品(pin)案件罪(zui)與非罪(zui)界限掌握(wo)尺度不一,影響到偵(zhen)查、批捕和起(qi)訴工作。為規范執法(fa),加強刑事立案監(jian)督,確保(bao)司法(fa)公(gong)正,有必要制定全國(guo)統一的毒(du)品(pin)犯(fan)罪(zui)案件立案追訴標(biao)準。

　　經最(zui)高(gao)人民檢察院(yuan)和(he)公安(an)部領導批準(zhun),2010年,最(zui)高(gao)人民檢察院(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律政策(ce)研究室(以下(xia)簡(jian)稱“高(gao)檢院(yuan)研究室”)會同(tong)公安(an)部禁(jin)毒局(ju)(ju)、法(fa)(fa)(fa)制(zhi)(zhi)局(ju)(ju)啟動了(le)(le)毒品(pin)犯(fan)罪案件立案追訴(su)標準(zhun)的(de)(de)研究制(zhi)(zhi)定工(gong)作。其間(jian),赴云(yun)南、四川等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)開(kai)展了(le)(le)調研,聽(ting)取基(ji)層公安(an)機(ji)(ji)關、檢察機(ji)(ji)關意見,并多次召集北京(jing)、遼寧、浙江、四川、云(yun)南等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)公安(an)禁(jin)毒部門進行專(zhuan)題研討(tao)。在征(zheng)求(qiu)了(le)(le)各地(di)(di)(di)檢察機(ji)(ji)關、公安(an)機(ji)(ji)關意見的(de)(de)基(ji)礎上,2011年9月,征(zheng)求(qiu)了(le)(le)全國(guo)人大(da)常委(wei)(wei)會法(fa)(fa)(fa)工(gong)委(wei)(wei)刑(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)室,國(guo)務院(yuan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)制(zhi)(zhi)辦政法(fa)(fa)(fa)司(si),最(zui)高(gao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)研究室、刑(xing)五庭,衛生(sheng)部政策(ce)法(fa)(fa)(fa)規司(si),國(guo)家食(shi)品(pin)藥品(pin)監(jian)督管(guan)理局(ju)(ju)政策(ce)法(fa)(fa)(fa)規司(si),農業部產業政策(ce)與法(fa)(fa)(fa)規司(si),國(guo)家郵政局(ju)(ju)市(shi)場監(jian)管(guan)司(si)等(deng)部門的(de)(de)意見,同(tong)年12月還召開(kai)專(zhuan)家論證會,聽(ting)取了(le)(le)專(zhuan)家學者的(de)(de)意見。經過多次研討(tao),數易(yi)其稿,歷時(shi)近(jin)兩年時(shi)間(jian),于2012年5月完成(cheng)了(le)(le)《立案追訴(su)標準(zhun)(三)》的(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)定工(gong)作。

　　問:請介紹一下《立案追(zhui)訴標準(三(san))》出臺的(de)意義(yi)。

　　答:《立案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)訴標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(三(san))》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)印發(fa)施行(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)最高(gao)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)院和公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)部結(jie)合(he)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)職(zhi)責任(ren)務,推動執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)范(fan)化建設(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要措施,將對(dui)(dui)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)懲治毒(du)(du)(du)品(pin)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)、促進(jin)(jin)社會(hui)和諧穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)發(fa)展發(fa)揮積(ji)極作(zuo)用。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)利于打擊毒(du)(du)(du)品(pin)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui),保護公(gong)(gong)(gong)民(min)(min)(min)身心健(jian)康(kang),維(wei)護社會(hui)治安(an)秩序(xu)。毒(du)(du)(du)品(pin)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)不僅嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)危害人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生命(ming)和健(jian)康(kang),而且大量誘發(fa)搶劫、盜竊(qie)、殺人(ren)等嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)刑事(shi)(shi)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui),甚至會(hui)危及(ji)民(min)(min)(min)族、國家(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前途(tu)和命(ming)運,是(shi)(shi)(shi)我國刑法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)懲治的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)點之一(yi)(yi)。堅決、嚴(yan)厲打擊毒(du)(du)(du)品(pin)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui),是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國政(zheng)府的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)貫(guan)決心和政(zheng)策,也是(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)(yi)貫(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)態度(du)和立場。《立案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)訴標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(三(san))》是(shi)(shi)(shi)最高(gao)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)院、公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)部為適應(ying)我國禁毒(du)(du)(du)斗爭實際,在系(xi)統(tong)總結(jie)禁毒(du)(du)(du)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)實踐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang),依照刑法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)制定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具有(you)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)效(xiao)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)范(fan)性文件(jian),為公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)查辦毒(du)(du)(du)品(pin)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)件(jian)、嚴(yan)厲打擊毒(du)(du)(du)品(pin)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)活(huo)動提供了明(ming)確依據。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)利于規(gui)范(fan)立案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)訴活(huo)動,提高(gao)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)水平和效(xiao)率,促進(jin)(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)廉潔(jie)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。《立案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)訴標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(三(san))》印發(fa)施行(xing)后,各地公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)、檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)辦理(li)毒(du)(du)(du)品(pin)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)件(jian)均應(ying)以此為執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)依據,公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)應(ying)依照此規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)立案(an)(an)偵(zhen)查,檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)應(ying)依照此規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)審查批捕、審查起訴,這(zhe)對(dui)(dui)于公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)、檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)辦案(an)(an)工(gong)作(zuo)具有(you)普遍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指(zhi)導意(yi)義(yi),有(you)利于加強(qiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)與(yu)(yu)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)協調與(yu)(yu)配合(he),對(dui)(dui)于規(gui)范(fan)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和提高(gao)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)水平、促進(jin)(jin)公(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)廉潔(jie)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、提高(gao)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)公(gong)(gong)(gong)信力具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)利于行(xing)政(zheng)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)與(yu)(yu)刑事(shi)(shi)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)相銜接,推進(jin)(jin)社會(hui)矛盾(dun)化解和社會(hui)管(guan)理(li)創新。《立案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)訴標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(三(san))》主要規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)了公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)毒(du)(du)(du)品(pin)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)偵(zhen)查部門管(guan)轄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)毒(du)(du)(du)品(pin)刑事(shi)(shi)案(an)(an)件(jian)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)究刑事(shi)(shi)責任(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),明(ming)確了相關(guan)(guan)(guan)行(xing)為的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)罪(zui)(zui)與(yu)(yu)非罪(zui)(zui)、違法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)與(yu)(yu)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)界限(xian),對(dui)(dui)于切實維(wei)護公(gong)(gong)(gong)民(min)(min)(min)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)益(yi)、鼓勵(li)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)群眾與(yu)(yu)毒(du)(du)(du)品(pin)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)作(zuo)斗爭具有(you)重(zhong)(zhong)要作(zuo)用。同(tong)時,對(dui)(dui)于貫(guan)徹寬嚴(yan)相濟刑事(shi)(shi)政(zheng)策也具有(you)積(ji)極的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義(yi)。

　　問:請介紹(shao)一(yi)下(xia)《立(li)案(an)(an)(an)追(zhui)訴標準(三)》與2008年《最高人民檢(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)公安(an)(an)部關于公安(an)(an)機(ji)關管轄的(de)刑(xing)事案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)立(li)案(an)(an)(an)追(zhui)訴標準的(de)規(gui)定(一(yi))》(以下(xia)簡(jian)稱《立(li)案(an)(an)(an)追(zhui)訴標準(一(yi))》)和2010年《最高人民檢(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)公安(an)(an)部關于公安(an)(an)機(ji)關管轄的(de)刑(xing)事案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)立(li)案(an)(an)(an)追(zhui)訴標準的(de)規(gui)定(二(er))》(以下(xia)簡(jian)稱《立(li)案(an)(an)(an)追(zhui)訴標準(二(er))》)的(de)關系。

　　答:最高(gao)(gao)人民(min)檢察院、公(gong)安(an)(an)(an)部于(yu)2008年6月聯(lian)合印(yin)發了(le)(le)(le)《立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)標(biao)準(zhun)(一)》,規定(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)(le)99種(zhong)案(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)標(biao)準(zhun),包括公(gong)安(an)(an)(an)機關(guan)(guan)治(zhi)安(an)(an)(an)部門(men)管(guan)(guan)(guan)轄的(de)(de)(de)(de)97種(zhong)案(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)標(biao)準(zhun)和(he)公(gong)安(an)(an)(an)機關(guan)(guan)消防部門(men)管(guan)(guan)(guan)轄的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩種(zhong)案(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian);2010月5日(ri)又聯(lian)合印(yin)發了(le)(le)(le)《立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)標(biao)準(zhun)(二)》,對(dui)公(gong)安(an)(an)(an)機關(guan)(guan)經濟犯罪(zui)偵查(cha)部門(men)管(guan)(guan)(guan)轄的(de)(de)(de)(de)86種(zhong)案(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)標(biao)準(zhun)作出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)規定(ding)(ding)。為了(le)(le)(le)保(bao)證最高(gao)(gao)人民(min)檢察院和(he)公(gong)安(an)(an)(an)部關(guan)(guan)于(yu)公(gong)安(an)(an)(an)機關(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)轄的(de)(de)(de)(de)刑事案(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)標(biao)準(zhun)制定(ding)(ding)工作的(de)(de)(de)(de)規范化(hua)、體系化(hua),按(an)照制定(ding)(ding)時(shi)間先后(hou)順(shun)序,本規定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)名(ming)稱定(ding)(ding)為“《最高(gao)(gao)人民(min)檢察院公(gong)安(an)(an)(an)部關(guan)(guan)于(yu)公(gong)安(an)(an)(an)機關(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)轄的(de)(de)(de)(de)刑事案(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)(三)》”,專門(men)對(dui)毒品(pin)(pin)犯罪(zui)偵查(cha)部門(men)管(guan)(guan)(guan)轄的(de)(de)(de)(de)12種(zhong)毒品(pin)(pin)犯罪(zui)案(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)標(biao)準(zhun)作出(chu)(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)(le)規定(ding)(ding)。這(zhe)樣突出(chu)(chu)(chu)強(qiang)調(diao)了(le)(le)(le)“立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)”訴(su)訟活動的(de)(de)(de)(de)法定(ding)(ding)職責,更加明確了(le)(le)(le)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)標(biao)準(zhun)是公(gong)安(an)(an)(an)司法機關(guan)(guan)共同的(de)(de)(de)(de)執法依(yi)據。今后(hou),如再制定(ding)(ding)公(gong)安(an)(an)(an)機關(guan)(guan)其(qi)他(ta)部門(men)管(guan)(guan)(guan)轄的(de)(de)(de)(de)刑事案(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)標(biao)準(zhun),名(ming)稱將再依(yi)次順(shun)延(yan)。

　　問:請(qing)介紹一下(xia)《立案追(zhui)訴標準(zhun)(三)》的(de)制(zhi)定遵循(xun)了哪些(xie)原則。

　　答:最高人民(min)檢(jian)察(cha)院和公(gong)(gong)安部在(zai)(zai)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)《立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)(su)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(三(san)(san)(san))》的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)主要(yao)遵循(xun)了(le)以(yi)下四(si)個原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze):第(di)一(yi),合法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)。《立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)(su)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(三(san)(san)(san))》是(shi)(shi)最高人民(min)檢(jian)察(cha)院、公(gong)(gong)安部依照刑(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)有(you)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律效(xiao)力(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)范性(xing)文件(jian)(jian),是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)刑(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)中(zhong)(zhong)有(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)與(yu)非罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)界限的(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)化,必(bi)須符合刑(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。在(zai)(zai)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)研究(jiu)(jiu)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)原(yuan)(yuan)意(yi),多(duo)次征(zheng)(zheng)求(qiu)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian),務求(qiu)體(ti)現刑(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)精神。第(di)二,協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)。《立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)(su)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(三(san)(san)(san))》是(shi)(shi)刑(xing)事(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律體(ti)系中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)組(zu)成(cheng)部分(fen),必(bi)須與(yu)有(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)和規(gui)范性(xing)文件(jian)(jian)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)。一(yi)是(shi)(shi)與(yu)現行(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)解(jie)(jie)釋相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao),對(dui)(dui)于現行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)解(jie)(jie)釋已(yi)明確的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)(ding)(ding)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)量刑(xing)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)上(shang)都以(yi)該(gai)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起刑(xing)點(dian)作(zuo)為立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)(su)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。二是(shi)(shi)與(yu)有(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)禁(jin)毒(du)(du)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)。《立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)(su)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(三(san)(san)(san))》明確了(le)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)與(yu)非罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)、行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)違(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)與(yu)刑(xing)事(shi)違(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)界限,必(bi)須與(yu)有(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)禁(jin)毒(du)(du)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)保持(chi)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao),既防止(zhi)以(yi)罰代刑(xing),也避免刑(xing)罰擴大化。三(san)(san)(san)是(shi)(shi)各條文之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)。對(dui)(dui)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)性(xing)質、行(xing)(xing)為特(te)征(zheng)(zheng)、犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)結果等方(fang)(fang)面相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)近的(de)(de)(de)(de)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian),在(zai)(zai)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)(su)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)上(shang)保持(chi)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)(diao)。第(di)三(san)(san)(san),利于操作(zuo)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)。為適應公(gong)(gong)安機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和檢(jian)察(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)辦(ban)理刑(xing)事(shi)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)操作(zuo)需(xu)要(yao),《立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)(su)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(三(san)(san)(san))》總結近年來辦(ban)理毒(du)(du)品(pin)(pin)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)實(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)經驗和做(zuo)(zuo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),切(qie)實(shi)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)毒(du)(du)品(pin)(pin)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)辦(ban)理中(zhong)(zhong)迫切(qie)需(xu)要(yao)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)疑難問題(ti),在(zai)(zai)充分(fen)研究(jiu)(jiu)、反(fan)復論證(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)上(shang),對(dui)(dui)每一(yi)毒(du)(du)品(pin)(pin)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)應予(yu)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情形(xing),盡可能細化、量化。對(dui)(dui)于部分(fen)條文中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)鍵詞語作(zuo)了(le)必(bi)要(yao)解(jie)(jie)釋,以(yi)便(bian)公(gong)(gong)安機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和檢(jian)察(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)實(shi)際掌握(wo)和執行(xing)(xing)。第(di)四(si),科學性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)。《立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)(su)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(三(san)(san)(san))》共(gong)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)12種毒(du)(du)品(pin)(pin)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)(su)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun),涉及(ji)領域(yu)廣泛,在(zai)(zai)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),十分(fen)注(zhu)(zhu)重(zhong)多(duo)方(fang)(fang)征(zheng)(zheng)求(qiu)意(yi)見(jian),就制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)中(zhong)(zhong)所涉及(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)性(xing)問題(ti)和具(ju)體(ti)條文,不僅舉行(xing)(xing)了(le)專家論證(zheng)會(hui)逐(zhu)條論證(zheng),認真(zhen)聽取了(le)各地公(gong)(gong)安機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、檢(jian)察(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian),還注(zhu)(zhu)意(yi)吸收(shou)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)立(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)部門的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)和建議(yi),力(li)爭做(zuo)(zuo)到符合實(shi)際、科學準(zhun)(zhun)確。

　　問:請介紹(shao)一(yi)下《立(li)案追訴標準(三)》制定的(de)基本情況。

　　答:《立(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)標準(zhun)(zhun)(三(san))》共(gong)包(bao)括(kuo)公(gong)安機關毒(du)品(pin)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)偵查部門管轄(xia)的(de)12種毒(du)品(pin)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)件(jian)的(de)立(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)標準(zhun)(zhun),共(gong)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七個條文。其中,第一條至第十(shi)(shi)(shi)二條是(shi)核心部分,將每個犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)件(jian)的(de)立(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)標準(zhun)(zhun)作(zuo)了(le)具(ju)體規定。《立(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)標準(zhun)(zhun)(三(san))》排列(lie)順序(xu)按(an)照(zhao)刑(xing)(xing)法分則條文的(de)順序(xu),采取(qu)“第xx條”的(de)方式,對于每個犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)件(jian)的(de)立(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)標準(zhun)(zhun)的(de)體例,為便于實(shi)際操作(zuo)和具(ju)體運用,《立(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)標準(zhun)(zhun)(三(san))》在每個犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)件(jian)名稱(cheng)后(hou)面(mian)逐一標明了(le)相應(ying)的(de)刑(xing)(xing)法條款(kuan),并在具(ju)體應(ying)予立(li)(li)案(an)(an)追(zhui)(zhui)訴(su)的(de)情形前簡單重復了(le)刑(xing)(xing)法規定的(de)行(xing)為表現。第十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)條至第十(shi)(shi)(shi)七條主(zhu)要規定了(le)毒(du)品(pin)定義、毒(du)品(pin)折算、單位犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)、時間效力等問題。

　　按照(zhao)制定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況,大(da)體上(shang)分為(wei)幾類:一是刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容相對原則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de),根據相關司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)解(jie)釋、規(gui)范性(xing)文(wen)件等(deng)予以制定(ding)(ding)(ding)。包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)走(zou)私、販賣(mai)、運輸(shu)、制造毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)品(pin)(pin)案(an)(an)(刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)七(qi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao));第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)非法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)持(chi)有(you)(you)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)品(pin)(pin)案(an)(an)(刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)八條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao));第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)走(zou)私制毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)物(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)案(an)(an)(刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao));第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)六條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)非法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)買賣(mai)制毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)物(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)案(an)(an)(刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao))等(deng)。二是刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)僅(jin)有(you)(you)原則(ze)性(xing)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding),且沒(mei)有(you)(you)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)解(jie)釋,需要進(jin)一步細化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de),立(li)足(zu)于司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)實(shi)(shi)踐,在(zai)廣泛(fan)征(zheng)求(qiu)國(guo)家有(you)(you)關業務主管部門以及辦案(an)(an)部門意見的(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上(shang),確定(ding)(ding)(ding)了立(li)案(an)(an)追訴(su)標(biao)準(zhun)。包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo):第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)七(qi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)非法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)種植毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)品(pin)(pin)原植物(wu)(wu)案(an)(an)(刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao));第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)非法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)買賣(mai)、運輸(shu)、攜(xie)帶、持(chi)有(you)(you)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)品(pin)(pin)原植物(wu)(wu)種子、幼苗案(an)(an)(刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao));第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)一條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)容留他(ta)人吸(xi)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)案(an)(an)(刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao));第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)二條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)非法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)提供麻醉藥品(pin)(pin)、精神藥品(pin)(pin)案(an)(an)(刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)(wu)(wu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao))第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一款等(deng)。三(san)(san)(san)是刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)是行為(wei)犯的(de)(de)(de)(de),根據工作(zuo)實(shi)(shi)踐需要,對于一些(xie)不好量化(hua)、也不宜量化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)犯罪(zui),本規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)中沒(mei)有(you)(you)量化(hua)數額標(biao)準(zhun),只(zhi)重申刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)文(wen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)。包(bao)括(kuo)(kuo)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)四(si)(si)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)窩藏、轉(zhuan)移、隱瞞(man)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)品(pin)(pin)、毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)贓案(an)(an)(刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)四(si)(si)十(shi)(shi)(shi)九(jiu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao));第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)九(jiu)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)引誘(you)、教唆、欺騙他(ta)人吸(xi)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)案(an)(an)(刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao));第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)十(shi)(shi)(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)強迫他(ta)人吸(xi)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)案(an)(an)(刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)(san)百(bai)(bai)五(wu)(wu)(wu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)(san)(san)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)(tiao))等(deng)。

　　問:請介紹一下制定《立案追訴(su)標(biao)準(三)》第十一條容留他(ta)人吸毒(du)案時主要考慮了(le)哪些因素?

　　答:容(rong)(rong)(rong)留(liu)(liu)(liu)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)罪的(de)(de)(de)(de)立案(an)追訴標準是(shi)(shi)在刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)及(ji)相(xiang)關(guan)司法(fa)(fa)解釋沒有作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)具體(ti)(ti)(ti)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)況下,根據各(ge)地(di)執法(fa)(fa)實踐和提出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)建議而(er)制定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)難點和重(zhong)點。根據刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),只要(yao)實施了(le)(le)容(rong)(rong)(rong)留(liu)(liu)(liu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)即(ji)(ji)可(ke)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)罪。但(dan)刑(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)同(tong)時(shi)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),對(dui)于犯(fan)罪情(qing)(qing)(qing)節(jie)(jie)輕微不需要(yao)判處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)刑(xing)(xing)罰的(de)(de)(de)(de),可(ke)以(yi)免予(yu)(yu)刑(xing)(xing)事(shi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)罰,可(ke)以(yi)由主管部(bu)門予(yu)(yu)以(yi)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)罰。此外同(tong)時(shi),禁(jin)(jin)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)法(fa)(fa)第(di)(di)(di)六十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)條(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding):“容(rong)(rong)(rong)留(liu)(liu)(liu)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)食、注射(she)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)品或(huo)者介紹買(mai)賣毒(du)(du)(du)(du)品,構成犯(fan)罪的(de)(de)(de)(de),依法(fa)(fa)追究(jiu)刑(xing)(xing)事(shi)責任;尚不構成犯(fan)罪的(de)(de)(de)(de),由公(gong)安機關(guan)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)十(shi)(shi)(shi)日以(yi)上(shang)(shang)十(shi)(shi)(shi)五日以(yi)下拘留(liu)(liu)(liu),可(ke)以(yi)并處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)三千元以(yi)下罰款(kuan);情(qing)(qing)(qing)節(jie)(jie)較(jiao)輕的(de)(de)(de)(de),處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)五日以(yi)下拘留(liu)(liu)(liu)或(huo)者五百元以(yi)下罰款(kuan)。”從(cong)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)協(xie)調(diao)關(guan)系出(chu)(chu)發(fa),因(yin)此,對(dui)于容(rong)(rong)(rong)留(liu)(liu)(liu)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)是(shi)(shi)否定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)罪,應(ying)區(qu)分行(xing)(xing)為(wei)情(qing)(qing)(qing)節(jie)(jie)、后果,不宜(yi)一(yi)律(lv)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)犯(fan)罪處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理,否則行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)執法(fa)(fa)沒有空間,禁(jin)(jin)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)法(fa)(fa)第(di)(di)(di)六十(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)條(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)就(jiu)失(shi)去了(le)(le)意義。本條(tiao)將“容(rong)(rong)(rong)留(liu)(liu)(liu)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)(ti)情(qing)(qing)(qing)形作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)了(le)(le)區(qu)分,吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)收(shou)、借鑒了(le)(le)《立案(an)追訴標準(一(yi))》第(di)(di)(di)七十(shi)(shi)(shi)八條(tiao)“引誘、容(rong)(rong)(rong)留(liu)(liu)(liu)、介紹賣淫案(an)”規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)內容(rong)(rong)(rong),列舉了(le)(le)容(rong)(rong)(rong)留(liu)(liu)(liu)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)罪立案(an)追訴的(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)(ti)情(qing)(qing)(qing)形。第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)項(xiang)從(cong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)留(liu)(liu)(liu)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)次數(shu)上(shang)(shang)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)做了(le)(le)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)為(wei)治安管理處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)罰留(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)空間,且從(cong)實際案(an)例來(lai)看(kan),很多地(di)區(qu)對(dui)容(rong)(rong)(rong)留(liu)(liu)(liu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)兩次以(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)才予(yu)(yu)以(yi)刑(xing)(xing)事(shi)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)罰;第(di)(di)(di)二項(xiang)從(cong)“聚眾”吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)嚴重(zhong)社會危(wei)害(hai)性(xing)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),即(ji)(ji)對(dui)一(yi)次容(rong)(rong)(rong)留(liu)(liu)(liu)多人(ren)(ren)(三人(ren)(ren)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)、包括三人(ren)(ren))的(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)形應(ying)予(yu)(yu)立案(an)追訴直接追究(jiu)刑(xing)(xing)事(shi)責任;第(di)(di)(di)三項(xiang)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)(le)曾因(yin)容(rong)(rong)(rong)留(liu)(liu)(liu)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)食、注射(she)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)品被行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)罰,又容(rong)(rong)(rong)留(liu)(liu)(liu)他(ta)人(ren)(ren)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)食、注射(she)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)品的(de)(de)(de)(de),應(ying)予(yu)(yu)立案(an)追訴;第(di)(di)(di)四項(xiang)主要(yao)是(shi)(shi)從(cong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)留(liu)(liu)(liu)吸(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)食、注射(she)毒(du)(du)(du)(du)品的(de)(de)(de)(de)對(dui)象(xiang)為(wei)“未成年人(ren)(ren)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)角度作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)(chu)了(le)(le)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),體(ti)(ti)(ti)現(xian)了(le)(le)對(dui)特(te)殊群體(ti)(ti)(ti)利益的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護;第(di)(di)(di)五項(xiang)從(cong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)留(liu)(liu)(liu)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)主觀惡性(xing)方面(mian)考慮,規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)具有牟利目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)予(yu)(yu)立案(an)追訴;第(di)(di)(di)六項(xiang)是(shi)(shi)兜底(di)條(tiao)款(kuan)。

　　問:請介紹一下規定非法持有兩種以上(shang)毒品可(ke)以累計相(xiang)加、折(zhe)算的原因是什么?

　　答:在(zai)征求(qiu)意(yi)見(jian)過程中(zhong),各(ge)地多次反映,目前對非法(fa)持有(you)(you)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)不同類型的(de)毒(du)(du)品(pin),且每種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)品(pin)的(de)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)均(jun)沒有(you)(you)達(da)到(dao)(dao)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)罪(zui)標準(zhun),是(shi)否能認定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)毒(du)(du)品(pin)犯罪(zui)、能否累計(ji)(ji)(ji)相加(jia)及如(ru)何累計(ji)(ji)(ji)相加(jia)問(wen)題(ti)沒有(you)(you)明確的(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding),導致無(wu)法(fa)追究犯罪(zui)嫌疑(yi)人的(de)刑事責任,一(yi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)程度上(shang)(shang)放(fang)縱了(le)毒(du)(du)品(pin)犯罪(zui)分子。為有(you)(you)效解決這(zhe)一(yi)問(wen)題(ti),在(zai)征求(qiu)各(ge)地、有(you)(you)關部門及相關法(fa)學專(zhuan)家意(yi)見(jian)的(de)基礎(chu)上(shang)(shang),《立(li)案(an)(an)追訴(su)標準(zhun)(三(san))》第二(er)條(tiao)第二(er)款(kuan)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding):非法(fa)持有(you)(you)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)毒(du)(du)品(pin),雖然每種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)品(pin)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)均(jun)沒有(you)(you)達(da)到(dao)(dao)本(ben)條(tiao)第一(yi)至十(shi)項規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)立(li)案(an)(an)追訴(su)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)標準(zhun),但(dan)按(an)立(li)案(an)(an)追訴(su)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)比例折(zhe)算成海洛因后累計(ji)(ji)(ji)相加(jia)達(da)到(dao)(dao)十(shi)克以(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de),應(ying)予(yu)立(li)案(an)(an)追訴(su)。基于同樣(yang)的(de)考慮,《立(li)案(an)(an)追訴(su)標準(zhun)(三(san))》第五條(tiao)第二(er)款(kuan)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)同時非法(fa)運輸、攜(xie)帶兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)以(yi)上(shang)(shang)制(zhi)毒(du)(du)物品(pin)進出國(邊)境,每種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)毒(du)(du)物品(pin)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)均(jun)沒有(you)(you)達(da)到(dao)(dao)本(ben)條(tiao)第一(yi)款(kuan)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)立(li)案(an)(an)追訴(su)標準(zhun),但(dan)按(an)其立(li)案(an)(an)追訴(su)標準(zhun)比例折(zhe)算成一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)制(zhi)毒(du)(du)物品(pin)后累計(ji)(ji)(ji)相加(jia)達(da)到(dao)(dao)上(shang)(shang)述(shu)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)(liang)標準(zhun)的(de),應(ying)予(yu)立(li)案(an)(an)追訴(su)。

　　問:對于未明確立案(an)追訴標準(zhun)的毒品如何進行折算?

　　答:針對(dui)基層普遍反映(ying)的(de)未明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)立(li)(li)案(an)(an)(an)追(zhui)訴(su)(su)標準(zhun)的(de)毒品(pin)(pin)(pin)如何進行(xing)折(zhe)算問題(ti),《立(li)(li)案(an)(an)(an)追(zhui)訴(su)(su)標準(zhun)(三)》第十四條作出了(le)規定(ding)(ding)。2007年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)11日,國家(jia)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)藥(yao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)監(jian)督管(guan)理局、公安部、衛生部公布的(de)《麻醉(zui)藥(yao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)目錄(2007年(nian)(nian)版)》和《精(jing)神(shen)(shen)藥(yao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)目錄(2007年(nian)(nian)版)》(以下簡稱《2007年(nian)(nian)目錄》),共列管(guan)了(le)255種(zhong)(zhong)麻醉(zui)藥(yao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和精(jing)神(shen)(shen)藥(yao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。2010年(nian)(nian),新增列管(guan)了(le)4-甲(jia)基甲(jia)卡西酮。目前我國共列管(guan)256種(zhong)(zhong)麻醉(zui)藥(yao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和精(jing)神(shen)(shen)藥(yao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)。但現行(xing)刑法(fa)及(ji)有關司法(fa)解釋(shi)、規范(fan)性文件只明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)規定(ding)(ding)了(le)走(zou)私、販(fan)賣、運輸、制造、非法(fa)持有鴉片、海洛因、甲(jia)基苯丙胺類毒品(pin)(pin)(pin)、大麻、可(ke)卡因、嗎(ma)啡、杜(du)冷(leng)丁等10余種(zhong)(zhong)毒品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)定(ding)(ding)罪(zui)(zui)量刑數量標準(zhun),因此《立(li)(li)案(an)(an)(an)追(zhui)訴(su)(su)標準(zhun)(三)》第二條參照(zhao)相關應定(ding)(ding)罪(zui)(zui)量刑標準(zhun),規定(ding)(ding)了(le)上述毒品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)立(li)(li)案(an)(an)(an)追(zhui)訴(su)(su)標準(zhun)。但是對(dui)于其(qi)他沒有明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)罪(zui)(zui)量刑標準(zhun)的(de)毒品(pin)(pin)(pin),則尚(shang)無(wu)明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)數量的(de)立(li)(li)案(an)(an)(an)追(zhui)訴(su)(su)標準(zhun)。

　　司法實踐中,涉及其他種類毒品的犯罪,司法機關主要是參照國家食品藥品監督管理局藥品安全監管司2004年10月起草的《非法藥物折算表》(目前尚未正式公布),但該折算表只規定了156種麻醉藥品、精神藥品與海洛因的折算標準,對我國國內生產并已出現濫用的其他種類的麻醉藥品和精神藥品則沒有相應的折算標準。近年來,司法實踐中出現了曲馬多、丁丙諾啡、甲卡西酮等10余種新類型毒品犯罪。由于無相應的折算標準和定罪量刑標準,缺乏統一的參考依據,導致各地辦案結果參差不齊,一定程度上制約了打擊犯罪的效果和質量。為有效解決這一問題,近期,國家禁毒辦與最高人民法院、最高人民檢察院、公安部、衛生部、國家食品藥品監督管理局等相關部門正在抓緊研究制定相應的精神藥品和麻醉藥品折算標準和新類型毒品定罪量刑標準。為與目前司法實踐工作相銜接,并為今后出臺麻醉藥品和精神藥品折算標準及定罪量刑標準、下一步開展立法工作留有空間,《立案追訴標準(三)》第十四條規定:本規定中未明確立案追訴標準的毒品,有條件折算為海洛因的,參照有關麻醉藥品和精神藥品折算標準進行折算。

日期：2012-5-28 10:02:14 | 關閉 |  分享到：