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重慶市國安局局長就重慶實施國家安全法規定答問
//cciia.org.cn 2012-11-14 8:49:43 來源：重慶日報(bao)
堅持社會管理創新理念 優化國家安全制度環境
——訪重慶市國家安全局黨委書記、局長王勇
為進一步了解《重慶市實施國家安全法規定》(市(shi)政(zheng)府(fu)令264號),幫助廣大市(shi)民學(xue)習我(wo)市(shi)第一部(bu)涉及國(guo)家安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)工作(zuo)(zuo)的地方立法(fa)成(cheng)果,市(shi)國(guo)家安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)局黨委書(shu)記、局長王勇接(jie)受本報專(zhuan)訪,全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面介紹我(wo)市(shi)第一部(bu)國(guo)家安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)工作(zuo)(zuo)政(zheng)府(fu)規章的出臺背景、亮點以(yi)及背后的深(shen)刻內涵,為全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)市(shi)廣大干部(bu)群眾理解國(guo)家安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機關、了解國(guo)家安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)工作(zuo)(zuo)打開(kai)了一扇窗口(kou)。
問:重慶市出臺《重慶市實施國家安全法規定》,本身就是一個創新性舉措,其有著怎樣的立法背景和考慮?
王(wang)勇(yong):首先,我代表(biao)市(shi)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)局(ju)感謝廣大媒(mei)(mei)體(ti)朋友長(chang)期以來對國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)業的(de)(de)關(guan)心(xin)和(he)幫助,歡(huan)迎廣大媒(mei)(mei)體(ti)繼(ji)續支持國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)作(zuo)。市(shi)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)局(ju)是(shi)市(shi)人民政府的(de)(de)重要職能部門(men),依(yi)(yi)法(fa)承擔(dan)在(zai)隱(yin)蔽(bi)戰(zhan)線預(yu)防、打擊危害國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)利益的(de)(de)違(wei)法(fa)犯(fan)罪活動,保障(zhang)改革開放和(he)社會主(zhu)義市(shi)場(chang)經濟建設順利進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)職能,是(shi)政法(fa)戰(zhan)線的(de)(de)重要組成部分。因此,“依(yi)(yi)法(fa)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政”和(he)“依(yi)(yi)法(fa)辦案”,推進(jin)“法(fa)治政府”建設,既(ji)是(shi)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機關(guan)依(yi)(yi)法(fa)履(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)職責的(de)(de)內(nei)在(zai)要求,也(ye)是(shi)我們矢志不渝推進(jin)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)作(zuo)法(fa)治化進(jin)程的(de)(de)重要目標。
重慶作為(wei)(wei)我國中西部唯一(yi)直轄市(shi),歷(li)來都是境外(wai)(wai)間諜情報機(ji)關和敵(di)對(dui)(dui)勢力滲(shen)透(tou)、竊(qie)密的重點目標(biao)。近年來,隨著我市(shi)對(dui)(dui)外(wai)(wai)開放不斷加(jia)大,境外(wai)(wai)間諜情報機(ji)關和境內外(wai)(wai)各(ge)種敵(di)對(dui)(dui)勢力實施(shi)滲(shen)透(tou)破壞、情報竊(qie)密等活(huo)動(dong)也更(geng)加(jia)頻繁,國家安(an)全工作面臨著嚴峻的形勢,需要(yao)一(yi)部規章制度(du)為(wei)(wei)國家安(an)全機(ji)關開展執(zhi)法工作提供政策支(zhi)持(chi)和法律(lv)保障(zhang)。
我市開展國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)作的(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)依據是(shi)1993年(nian)頒布實(shi)(shi)施的(de)(de)《中華人民共和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)》和(he)1994年(nian)頒布實(shi)(shi)施的(de)(de)《中華人民共和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)實(shi)(shi)施細(xi)則》(以(yi)下(xia)統稱國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)),以(yi)及(ji)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)我市制發的(de)(de)若干(gan)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)文件。這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)依據在執行(xing)(xing)(xing)中還(huan)有一(yi)些(xie)(xie)不足。一(yi)是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)對(dui)公民和(he)組織(zhi)維(wei)護(hu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)、協(xie)助配合國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)作的(de)(de)義務,以(yi)及(ji)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)機關工(gong)作職責權限(xian)等(deng)均規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)較為原則、籠統,實(shi)(shi)施中執法(fa)(fa)難度較大(da)。二(er)是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)法(fa)(fa)頒布實(shi)(shi)施近20年(nian)來(lai),我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)經(jing)濟社(she)會(hui)發生(sheng)了巨大(da)變(bian)化,一(yi)些(xie)(xie)內(nei)(nei)容已(yi)經(jing)不適應(ying)新形勢(shi)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)。三是(shi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)機關一(yi)些(xie)(xie)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)執法(fa)(fa),特別是(shi)涉及(ji)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)事項(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)建設項(xiang)(xiang)目行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)審批,主要(yao)(yao)根(gen)據一(yi)些(xie)(xie)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)文件來(lai)實(shi)(shi)施,已(yi)經(jing)不符合依法(fa)(fa)行(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。為了進(jin)一(yi)步加強我市國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)作,在國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)未(wei)對(dui)上位法(fa)(fa)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)修改之前,在市委、市政(zheng)府的(de)(de)高度重視(shi)和(he)支持下(xia),在充分聽取專家(jia)(jia)(jia)學(xue)者(zhe)意(yi)見(jian)和(he)廣(guang)大(da)群(qun)眾意(yi)見(jian)的(de)(de)基礎上,歷經(jing)7年(nian)的(de)(de)不懈(xie)努力,出臺了這(zhe)部(bu)(bu)政(zheng)府規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章。接(jie)下(xia)來(lai)的(de)(de)任務是(shi)認真貫徹(che)落實(shi)(shi)、全(quan)(quan)面執行(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)這(zhe)部(bu)(bu)政(zheng)府規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章,發揮政(zheng)府規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)章規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)工(gong)作、保(bao)障國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)機關更好(hao)地履行(xing)(xing)(xing)職責等(deng)方面的(de)(de)應(ying)有作用。
問:您如何評價《重慶市實施國家安全法規定》,它有哪些亮點?
王勇:《重慶市(shi)實施國家(jia)(jia)(jia)安全法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規定(ding)》與上位法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)相比(bi)較,不僅進一步細(xi)化了(le)(le)上位法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)有關原(yuan)則性(xing)規定(ding),提高了(le)(le)操作性(xing),而且立(li)足重慶實際,在省級政(zheng)府立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權限內(nei)進一步彌補上位法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不足,完善了(le)(le)國家(jia)(jia)(jia)安全法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律體系(xi)。橫向看(kan),與全國已經出(chu)臺的(de)國家(jia)(jia)(jia)安全地方立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)成(cheng)果比(bi)較,《重慶市(shi)實施國家(jia)(jia)(jia)安全法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規定(ding)》也(ye)是(shi)內(nei)容最(zui)(zui)完整(zheng)、結構(gou)最(zui)(zui)嚴謹、條文數最(zui)(zui)多(duo)的(de)國家(jia)(jia)(jia)安全地方立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)成(cheng)果之一。
“亮點”包含(han)兩層含(han)義(yi):引(yin)人(ren)關注和突出的優點。如果按照這標(biao)準,我(wo)認為本(ben)(ben)規(gui)定至(zhi)少具有(you)以下七個“亮點”:一是(shi)(shi)(shi)規(gui)定執法安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)措施,保守國(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機關秘(mi)密;二(er)是(shi)(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)確(que)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)“行(xing)前(qian)教育(yu)”職(zhi)能,防范(fan)出國(guo)(guo)境(jing)人(ren)員“背我(wo)向(xiang)敵(di)”;三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)確(que)“涉及國(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)項建設(she)項目”審批范(fan)圍(wei);四(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)確(que)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)職(zhi)權保障措施,為國(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機關執行(xing)任務提供基本(ben)(ben)通行(xing)便(bian)利(li);五是(shi)(shi)(shi)明(ming)(ming)確(que)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機關郵路安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監管介入的方式,規(gui)范(fan)權力運行(xing)方式及效(xiao)果;六是(shi)(shi)(shi)適應(ying)新形勢,增設(she)對單位的處(chu)罰(fa);七是(shi)(shi)(shi)增設(she)罰(fa)款權,完善國(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機關行(xing)政處(chu)罰(fa)種(zhong)類(lei)。
問:國家安全機關面對的工作對象常常是境外間諜分子等,工作中需要采取一些特殊的手段,《重慶市實施國家安全法規定》中是否賦予了國家安全機關一些不同于一般行政執法單位的特殊職權?
王勇:國(guo)家安全機關(guan)依(yi)法承(cheng)擔(dan)相應的(de)刑事司法權(quan)和(he)行(xing)政執法權(quan),法定(ding)職(zhi)權(quan)范圍非常廣泛,國(guo)家安全機關(guan)由于工(gong)作的(de)特(te)殊性質和(he)很強的(de)專業性,為了(le)(le)更好地維護國(guo)家安全和(he)利(li)益,本規(gui)定(ding)明確規(gui)定(ding)了(le)(le)國(guo)家安全機關(guan)原本通(tong)過中央政策文件等規(gui)定(ding)賦予的(de)傳(chuan)統(tong)職(zhi)權(quan)。
首先,明確國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)“行(xing)前教(jiao)(jiao)育”職能,防(fang)(fang)范出(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)境(jing)(jing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)“背我(wo)向(xiang)敵”。第九條規定(ding)(ding):“任(ren)(ren)何單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)向(xiang)境(jing)(jing)外(wai)(wai)派駐(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)常(chang)駐(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構或(huo)者常(chang)駐(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan),應(ying)(ying)(ying)當(dang)向(xiang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)通(tong)報(bao),并(bing)接受國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)工作指(zhi)導。涉及國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)秘(mi)密(mi)的(de)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei),應(ying)(ying)(ying)當(dang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其出(chu)境(jing)(jing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育,并(bing)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)防(fang)(fang)范措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)。”多年來(lai),境(jing)(jing)外(wai)(wai)間(jian)諜(die)情(qing)報(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)我(wo)滲(shen)透(tou)、策(ce)反(fan)、破(po)壞(huai)活動從(cong)未(wei)停(ting)止,我(wo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)常(chang)駐(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)境(jing)(jing)外(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)往往成(cheng)為(wei)其滲(shen)透(tou)的(de)重點。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)這部分出(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)常(chang)駐(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan),除(chu)了(le)(le)有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)派駐(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)當(dang)加強(qiang)日常(chang)管(guan)理和(he)宣傳教(jiao)(jiao)育以(yi)外(wai)(wai),國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)掌握情(qing)況,有(you)(you)針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)性(xing)(xing)地開展國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育,進(jin)(jin)(jin)而采取一定(ding)(ding)措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)防(fang)(fang)范境(jing)(jing)外(wai)(wai)滲(shen)透(tou)、策(ce)反(fan),也(ye)是提高抵(di)御境(jing)(jing)外(wai)(wai)滲(shen)透(tou)能力的(de)重要工作內容。特別是涉密(mi)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei),其人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)出(chu)境(jing)(jing)必(bi)須嚴格(ge)把關(guan)(guan)(guan),派遣(qian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)除(chu)了(le)(le)要對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)宣傳教(jiao)(jiao)育以(yi)外(wai)(wai),還應(ying)(ying)(ying)當(dang)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)防(fang)(fang)范措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi),以(yi)備不測。國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)也(ye)應(ying)(ying)(ying)當(dang)加強(qiang)指(zhi)導,必(bi)要情(qing)況下由國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)派人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其開展針(zhen)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)性(xing)(xing)的(de)宣傳教(jiao)(jiao)育。實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)證明,出(chu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)境(jing)(jing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)中的(de)境(jing)(jing)外(wai)(wai)常(chang)駐(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)和(he)涉密(mi)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)一旦脫管(guan),加上保(bao)密(mi)意識和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)意識淡(dan)化,必(bi)然為(wei)境(jing)(jing)外(wai)(wai)間(jian)諜(die)情(qing)報(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)滲(shen)透(tou)、策(ce)反(fan)活動提供可乘(cheng)之機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。近年來(lai)一些出(chu)境(jing)(jing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)在境(jing)(jing)外(wai)(wai)被策(ce)反(fan),潛回國(guo)(guo)(guo)后實(shi)(shi)施(shi)情(qing)報(bao)竊密(mi)活動的(de)案(an)例(li),除(chu)了(le)(le)涉案(an)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)自身政治立場問題(ti)或(huo)其他動機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)以(yi)外(wai)(wai),也(ye)與主管(guan)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)或(huo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)缺(que)乏對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)其開展相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)教(jiao)(jiao)育和(he)采取相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)防(fang)(fang)范措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)。鑒(jian)于此,根據任(ren)(ren)務形(xing)勢的(de)發展,本條規定(ding)(ding)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)向(xiang)境(jing)(jing)外(wai)(wai)派駐(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構和(he)常(chang)駐(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)(ying)(ying)通(tong)報(bao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan),并(bing)接受國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)指(zhi)導;涉密(mi)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)派遣(qian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)出(chu)境(jing)(jing)的(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)當(dang)事(shi)先接受國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育,并(bing)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)防(fang)(fang)范措(cuo)(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)出(chu)境(jing)(jing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)“行(xing)前國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)教(jiao)(jiao)育”的(de)制(zhi)度,能夠有(you)(you)效降低(di)發案(an)率以(yi)及發案(an)造成(cheng)的(de)社會危害程度。
其次,明確國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)享有涉(she)及國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)(shi)項建(jian)設(she)(she)項目(mu)(mu)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)權(quan),規(gui)定(ding)“涉(she)及國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)(shi)項建(jian)設(she)(she)項目(mu)(mu)”審(shen)批(pi)范圍,進(jin)一步規(gui)范國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)工作。行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)法出臺后,國(guo)(guo)務院保(bao)留并設(she)(she)定(ding)了(le)“涉(she)及國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)(shi)項的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)項目(mu)(mu)審(shen)批(pi)”,但對(dui)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)的(de)(de)范圍除(chu)了(le)中央有關(guan)文件要求外,一直缺乏法律、法規(gui)規(gui)章規(gui)定(ding),給國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)依法行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)帶來困(kun)擾。第十七條規(gui)定(ding):“國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)對(dui)下列涉(she)及國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)(shi)項的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)項目(mu)(mu)依法實施許(xu)(xu)可(ke):機(ji)(ji)場、海關(guan)、郵政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)樞紐、電信(xin)樞紐、出入境(jing)口(kou)岸、火車站(zhan)等建(jian)設(she)(she)項目(mu)(mu);安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)控制區(qu)域內(nei)的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)項目(mu)(mu);國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)其他涉(she)及國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)(shi)項的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)(she)項目(mu)(mu)。”進(jin)一步規(gui)范國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)許(xu)(xu)可(ke)工作,提(ti)高全(quan)(quan)(quan)市建(jian)設(she)(she)領(ling)域行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)審(shen)批(pi)改(gai)革效果(guo)。
最后(hou),為維護郵(you)(you)路(lu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan),防止生(sheng)(sheng)化、恐(kong)怖(bu)等(deng)危害國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)件(jian)(jian)發生(sheng)(sheng),明(ming)確國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)郵(you)(you)路(lu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)介入的(de)方(fang)式,規(gui)范權力運(yun)行方(fang)式及(ji)效果。第二十三條(tiao)(tiao)規(gui)定(ding):“郵(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理部(bu)門審(shen)查(cha)快遞(di)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)經營許可的(de)申請,應當考慮國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)因素,并征求國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)意見。國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)應當自收到郵(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理部(bu)門征求意見的(de)材料(liao)之日起(qi)10個工(gong)作日內(nei)提出審(shen)查(cha)意見。”郵(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)通信事(shi)關(guan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)主權和(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan),郵(you)(you)路(lu)也一直(zhi)是境外間諜情報(bao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)對我滲透、破壞、策反(fan)的(de)重要工(gong)具(ju)。特別(bie)隨著國(guo)(guo)(guo)際恐(kong)怖(bu)暴(bao)力事(shi)件(jian)(jian)的(de)頻(pin)(pin)頻(pin)(pin)發生(sheng)(sheng),確保(bao)郵(you)(you)路(lu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)任(ren)務更加(jia)繁重。對郵(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(包(bao)括快遞(di)企業(ye)(ye)(ye))進行國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)事(shi)項審(shen)查(cha),防止郵(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)成為境外分子(zi)對我進行滲透的(de)工(gong)具(ju),降低郵(you)(you)路(lu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)風險,對其進行背景審(shen)查(cha)和(he)(he)日常監管(guan)(guan)(guan),顯得十分必要。2009年(nian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)頒布(bu)實(shi)施新郵(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)法,在非(fei)(fei)(fei)郵(you)(you)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)審(shen)批等(deng)方(fang)面賦予了國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)工(gong)作職責和(he)(he)權限。在郵(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)法授權的(de)背景下,本規(gui)定(ding)結(jie)合郵(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理的(de)實(shi)際和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)作的(de)實(shi)際,對相關(guan)條(tiao)(tiao)文進行細化和(he)(he)明(ming)確化,一方(fang)面明(ming)確國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)在郵(you)(you)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)主管(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門審(shen)批非(fei)(fei)(fei)郵(you)(you)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)過(guo)程中扮(ban)演的(de)角(jiao)色,并進一步(bu)規(gui)定(ding)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)審(shen)查(cha)期限,保(bao)障非(fei)(fei)(fei)郵(you)(you)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)合法權益;另一方(fang)面明(ming)確規(gui)定(ding)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)應當積(ji)極履行職責,加(jia)強對郵(you)(you)路(lu)運(yun)行的(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監管(guan)(guan)(guan),確保(bao)不發生(sheng)(sheng)危害國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)案件(jian)(jian)。
問:國家安全機關享有廣泛職權,包括刑事司法權和行政執法權,以及基于國家安全機關的特殊性質,《重慶市實施國家安全法規定》還明確規定幾項職權。如何保證這些職權在實踐中得以順利實施,或者說規定設置了哪些執業保障措施?
王勇:國(guo)家(jia)(jia)安全機(ji)關(guan)履(lv)行法(fa)定(ding)職權需要執(zhi)業(ye)保(bao)障措施(shi)作(zuo)為后盾,《重慶市實(shi)施(shi)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)安全法(fa)規定(ding)》主要從以下兩個方面補充(chong)細(xi)化了(le)上位法(fa)的相關(guan)規定(ding),完善了(le)國(guo)家(jia)(jia)安全機(ji)關(guan)的執(zhi)業(ye)保(bao)障措施(shi)。
一是(shi)明確執法(fa)(fa)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)措施,保(bao)(bao)守國(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)秘密。第(di)七條規(gui)定(ding):“政(zheng)府有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)部(bu)門、有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)單(dan)位應(ying)當妥善(shan)保(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)所掌(zhang)握(wo)的(de)(de)國(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)及其(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)相關(guan)(guan)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)、資(zi)(zi)料(liao);對國(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)要(yao)(yao)求保(bao)(bao)密的(de)(de)數(shu)據(ju)和資(zi)(zi)料(liao),未經(jing)國(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)同(tong)意,不(bu)(bu)得向(xiang)任何單(dan)位、個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)提(ti)供(gong)(gong),法(fa)(fa)律、法(fa)(fa)規(gui)另(ling)有(you)(you)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)除(chu)外(wai)。”實踐中(zhong),泄露國(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)及其(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)、資(zi)(zi)料(liao)現象仍然時有(you)(you)發生,除(chu)有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)部(bu)門對國(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)管(guan)(guan)理(li)松(song)懈(xie)等原因外(wai),有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規(gui)對如何保(bao)(bao)護(hu)國(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)及其(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)規(gui)定(ding)得不(bu)(bu)明確、缺(que)乏操作(zuo)性也是(shi)原因之一。第(di)七條規(gui)定(ding)首先(xian)賦予任何單(dan)位都有(you)(you)妥善(shan)保(bao)(bao)管(guan)(guan)國(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)及其(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)相關(guan)(guan)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)、資(zi)(zi)料(liao)的(de)(de)義務,同(tong)時為進一步解決(jue)實踐中(zhong)這些掌(zhang)握(wo)了國(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)及其(qi)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)單(dan)位不(bu)(bu)知情或者不(bu)(bu)知道保(bao)(bao)密范圍問題,明確規(gui)定(ding)國(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)應(ying)當在維護(hu)自身(shen)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)方面發揮主觀(guan)能(neng)動性,履(lv)行職責,對那(nei)些需(xu)要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)密的(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)、資(zi)(zi)料(liao)事先(xian)提(ti)出要(yao)(yao)求,便于(yu)有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)在信(xin)息(xi)(xi)、資(zi)(zi)料(liao)的(de)(de)日(ri)常管(guan)(guan)理(li)過程中(zhong)妥善(shan)把關(guan)(guan)。除(chu)法(fa)(fa)律、法(fa)(fa)規(gui)另(ling)有(you)(you)規(gui)定(ding)外(wai),對國(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)要(yao)(yao)求保(bao)(bao)密的(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)和資(zi)(zi)料(liao),有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)向(xiang)任何單(dan)位和個(ge)(ge)人(ren)(ren)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)必(bi)須經(jing)國(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)批(pi)準。
二(er)是(shi)明確國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)職權(quan)(quan)保障(zhang)措施(shi),為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)提供基本通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)便(bian)利。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)十六條(tiao)(tiao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)款規(gui)(gui)定(ding):“執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),享有(you)(you)與制式警車相(xiang)(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)權(quan)(quan);經(jing)出(chu)(chu)示(shi)偵察(cha)證(zheng)或(huo)者特別通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)證(zheng),免(mian)于(yu)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)卡(ka)(ka)檢查。”根據(ju)現行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)(gui)規(gui)(gui)定(ding),公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制式警車的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)權(quan)(quan)主要包(bao)括(kuo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)優先(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)權(quan)(quan)和(he)(he)免(mian)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)權(quan)(quan),即公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)時(shi),享有(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)應(ying)的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)急優先(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)力(li)及(ji)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)收費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)檢查關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)卡(ka)(ka)時(shi)免(mian)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或(huo)接受(shou)(shou)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)卡(ka)(ka)檢查而快(kuai)速通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過的(de)(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)力(li)。其(qi)中(zhong),優先(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)權(quan)(quan)主要根據(ju)《中(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民共和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)法(fa)》第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五十三(san)條(tiao)(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding):“警車、消(xiao)防車、救(jiu)護車、工(gong)(gong)程救(jiu)險車執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)緊急任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)時(shi),可以(yi)使用警報(bao)器(qi)、標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燈(deng)具;在(zai)(zai)確保安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)前提下,不(bu)受(shou)(shou)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)線(xian)、行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛方向、行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)駛速度和(he)(he)信號燈(deng)的(de)(de)(de)限(xian)制,其(qi)他車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)應(ying)當讓行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”免(mian)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)權(quan)(quan)主要根據(ju)《國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院收費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)管(guan)理(li)條(tiao)(tiao)例(li)》第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)七條(tiao)(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding),軍(jun)隊車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)、武警部隊車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)轄區內收費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)上處理(li)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)事(shi)故(gu)、執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)正常巡邏任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)和(he)(he)處置(zhi)突(tu)發(fa)事(shi)件的(de)(de)(de)統一(yi)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)制式警車,以(yi)及(ji)經(jing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)主管(guan)部門或(huo)者省、自治區、直轄市人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民政(zheng)府批準執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)搶(qiang)險救(jiu)災任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),免(mian)交(jiao)車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)費(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。這兩(liang)項(xiang)權(quan)(quan)力(li)對公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)特定(ding)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu),比如跟蹤、追(zhui)擊犯罪(zui)嫌疑人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、快(kuai)速到達犯罪(zui)現場、運送警力(li)、巡邏、處理(li)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)事(shi)故(gu)等具有(you)(you)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)保障(zhang)意(yi)義,在(zai)(zai)實踐(jian)中(zhong)也發(fa)揮了較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)果(guo)。國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)在(zai)(zai)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)時(shi),由(you)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)原因和(he)(he)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)緊迫性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)原因,尤其(qi)在(zai)(zai)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)口不(bu)便(bian)于(yu)向關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)卡(ka)(ka)檢查工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)解釋案(an)情,避免(mian)耽誤執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)間(jian),泄露國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)秘密(mi)。為(wei)保證(zheng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)活動的(de)(de)(de)正常開展(zhan)以(yi)及(ji)確保執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率(lv),執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),應(ying)該享有(you)(you)與公(gong)(gong)(gong)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制式警車相(xiang)(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)權(quan)(quan)。此外,本條(tiao)(tiao)還(huan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding),執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)車輛(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),經(jing)出(chu)(chu)示(shi)偵察(cha)證(zheng)或(huo)特別通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),免(mian)受(shou)(shou)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)卡(ka)(ka)檢查。國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)偵察(cha)證(zheng)或(huo)特別通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)使用和(he)(he)管(guan)理(li)都有(you)(you)明確、嚴格的(de)(de)(de)要求,國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)一(yi)旦出(chu)(chu)示(shi)偵察(cha)證(zheng)和(he)(he)特別通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)檢查關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)卡(ka)(ka)不(bu)應(ying)以(yi)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)何理(li)由(you)故(gu)意(yi)阻攔、拖延(yan),應(ying)當予以(yi)配合,立即放行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。如果(guo)故(gu)意(yi)阻攔、拖延(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan),情節嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de),國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)可以(yi)依照(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)法(fa)和(he)(he)本規(gui)(gui)定(ding)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二(er)十七條(tiao)(tiao)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding),對相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)予以(yi)15日以(yi)下行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)拘留、罰(fa)款和(he)(he)警告(gao)等行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)處罰(fa),構成犯罪(zui)的(de)(de)(de),依法(fa)追(zhui)究刑事(shi)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。
問:國家安全法規定的比較原則,重慶市出臺的這項政府規章在法律責任上面有什么突破?
王(wang)勇:首先,在法(fa)(fa)律責任設置上(shang)我們嚴格遵(zun)循立(li)法(fa)(fa)權限規(gui)定,在政(zheng)府(fu)規(gui)定應有的(de)立(li)法(fa)(fa)權限內,《重慶市實施(shi)國家(jia)安全法(fa)(fa)規(gui)定》對歸責原則和處罰種類進行了完善。
第一(yi),適(shi)應新形勢,增設(she)對單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)處罰。第二十五條規定:“單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)下列行為之一(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de),由(you)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)責(ze)(ze)(ze)令(ling)限期整改(gai),消(xiao)除危(wei)害;對直接(jie)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主管(guan)人(ren)員和(he)其(qi)他直接(jie)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)人(ren)員予以(yi)(yi)警告、訓誡或者責(ze)(ze)(ze)令(ling)具結悔過,并(bing)可提請有(you)(you)權機(ji)關(guan)(guan)給予處分:國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)工(gong)作(zuo)人(ren)員叛逃或者在境外(wai)滯(zhi)留(liu)不(bu)(bu)歸,所在單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)未(wei)(wei)向國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)報(bao)告的(de)(de)(de)(de);涉密人(ren)員因私出境,所在單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)未(wei)(wei)向國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)報(bao)告的(de)(de)(de)(de);舉(ju)辦重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)大型(xing)國(guo)(guo)(guo)際會議、大型(xing)涉外(wai)活動未(wei)(wei)向國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)通報(bao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。”國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)法(fa)規定,公民(min)和(he)組織應當為國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)作(zuo)提供(gong)便利條件或者其(qi)他協助,并(bing)對公民(min)違反(fan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規的(de)(de)(de)(de)規定設(she)置了(le)相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律(lv)責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)。在工(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong),個別單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)由(you)于管(guan)理松懈、責(ze)(ze)(ze)任(ren)制度(du)不(bu)(bu)落(luo)實、單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)領導(dao)和(he)平(ping)麻痹思想等(deng)原因發生危(wei)害國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)件逐(zhu)年增多,造(zao)成(cheng)不(bu)(bu)可挽(wan)回的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失(shi)。如(ru)果單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)發生此類(lei)事(shi)件,國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)工(gong)作(zuo)主管(guan)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)對有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)聞不(bu)(bu)問,不(bu)(bu)加問責(ze)(ze)(ze),就違背了(le)“有(you)(you)權必(bi)有(you)(you)責(ze)(ze)(ze)、違法(fa)必(bi)追究”的(de)(de)(de)(de)行政基本原則。所以(yi)(yi),本規定對違反(fan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)日常(chang)管(guan)理,若不(bu)(bu)予以(yi)(yi)及時處理,可能引發更嚴重(zhong)后(hou)果的(de)(de)(de)(de)三類(lei)行為,設(she)置了(le)相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)律(lv)后(hou)果。
第二,增設(she)罰(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)款(kuan)(kuan)權,完善了國(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政處罰(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)種類。第二十七條規定(ding)(ding):“阻礙(ai)國(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)工作人(ren)員(yuan)依(yi)法執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)公務的,由國(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)依(yi)照《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民共和(he)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)法》、《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民共和(he)國(guo)(guo)治安(an)(an)(an)管(guan)理處罰(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)法》等有(you)(you)關(guan)(guan)法律規定(ding)(ding)處罰(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。”《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民共和(he)國(guo)(guo)治安(an)(an)(an)管(guan)理處罰(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)法》第五(wu)十條規定(ding)(ding):“阻礙(ai)人(ren)民警察依(yi)法執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)職務的或(huo)者阻礙(ai)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)緊(jin)急任務的警車通行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的,處警告或(huo)者二百元以下(xia)罰(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)款(kuan)(kuan),情節嚴重(zhong)的,處五(wu)日以上十日以下(xia)拘(ju)留(liu),可以并處五(wu)百元以下(xia)罰(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)款(kuan)(kuan)。”根據行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政處罰(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)法規定(ding)(ding),我國(guo)(guo)現(xian)有(you)(you)的行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政處罰(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體系包括行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政拘(ju)留(liu)、罰(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)款(kuan)(kuan)、警告、剝奪從業(ye)資格等幾種。增設(she)罰(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)款(kuan)(kuan)權,進一步完善國(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政處罰(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)種類,有(you)(you)效維(wei)護了國(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)的執(zhi)法權威(wei),增強(qiang)了國(guo)(guo)家安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)執(zhi)法效率。
日期：2012-11-14 8:49:43 | 關閉 | 分享到：