當前位置：法律圖書館>>法治動態>>法規釋義>>最(zui)高(gao)(gao)法(fa)就《最(zui)高(gao)(gao)人民(min)法(fa)院關于海事(shi)訴訟管轄問題的規定》答問

最高法就《最高人民法院關于海事訴訟管轄問題的規定》答問

//cciia.org.cn　 2016-2-24 16:18:16　 來源：法(fa)制日報——法(fa)制網

　　法(fa)制網記者(zhe) 周斌

　　2月24日，最高(gao)(gao)人民法院發布《關于(yu)海事(shi)訴訟管轄(xia)問(wen)題(ti)的(de)規(gui)定(ding)》，將于(yu)2016年(nian)3月1日起正式施行。《規(gui)定(ding)》發布后，最高(gao)(gao)人民法院民事(shi)審判第四庭(ting)負責人接受了(le)記者采訪(fang)，就有(you)關問(wen)題(ti)回答了(le)記者提問(wen)。

　　問：制定該《規定》的目的和意義是什么？

　　答：隨著“一(yi)帶(dai)一(yi)路”建設、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)強國(guo)、京津冀一(yi)體化(hua)及(ji)長江(jiang)經濟帶(dai)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)規(gui)劃(hua)等重大國(guo)家(jia)戰略的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施，我國(guo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上活(huo)動日益頻繁，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)經濟迅猛發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，由(you)此(ci)引(yin)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新類(lei)(lei)型(xing)涉海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)糾(jiu)(jiu)紛不(bu)斷增加(jia)，對(dui)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)更為(wei)(wei)迫切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)司(si)(si)法(fa)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)。為(wei)(wei)滿足和適應(ying)當(dang)前海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)形(xing)勢(shi)，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)院(yuan)對(dui)發(fa)生于(yu)我國(guo)管(guan)轄(xia)(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)域、通海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)可(ke)航水(shui)域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)類(lei)(lei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)案(an)件(jian)(jian)應(ying)積極行(xing)(xing)使(shi)司(si)(si)法(fa)管(guan)轄(xia)(xia)(xia)權，及(ji)時化(hua)解(jie)糾(jiu)(jiu)紛，保(bao)(bao)障航運經濟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健康(kang)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)，保(bao)(bao)護(hu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)生態環(huan)境(jing)，堅決維護(hu)我國(guo)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)司(si)(si)法(fa)主(zhu)權。此(ci)次制定《規(gui)定》主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)基于(yu)以(yi)下(xia)兩個方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原因(yin)：一(yi)是完善海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)訴訟管(guan)轄(xia)(xia)(xia)，為(wei)(wei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)經濟發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)提(ti)(ti)供(gong)充分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)司(si)(si)法(fa)保(bao)(bao)障。有(you)關(guan)(guan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)院(yuan)管(guan)轄(xia)(xia)(xia)范(fan)圍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定基本形(xing)成于(yu)二、三十(shi)年前，已不(bu)能(neng)適應(ying)當(dang)前經濟形(xing)勢(shi)對(dui)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)司(si)(si)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)。如(ru)吉(ji)林省內松花江(jiang)水(shui)域以(yi)及(ji)通往朝(chao)鮮(xian)和俄羅斯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圖們江(jiang)水(shui)域作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)重要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)上通道，并未劃(hua)入海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)院(yuan)管(guan)轄(xia)(xia)(xia)范(fan)圍，造成部分海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)案(an)件(jian)(jian)專(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)化(hua)審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺失。二是推進海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)司(si)(si)法(fa)改革，依法(fa)審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)案(an)件(jian)(jian)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)強國(guo)戰略對(dui)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)上法(fa)治環(huan)境(jing)提(ti)(ti)出(chu)更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。當(dang)前國(guo)家(jia)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)局(ju)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)局(ju)、海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)警局(ju)等相關(guan)(guan)涉海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)部門(men)對(dui)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)及(ji)通海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)水(shui)域活(huo)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)管(guan)控進一(yi)步加(jia)強，由(you)此(ci)引(yin)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)類(lei)(lei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)訴訟案(an)件(jian)(jian)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)專(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)。海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)訴訟案(an)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)具(ju)有(you)技術性(xing)、專(zhuan)(zhuan)業性(xing)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特點，如(ru)船舶碰撞糾(jiu)(jiu)紛涉及(ji)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)事(shi)(shi)故調查、責任認定以(yi)及(ji)船舶檢驗等諸多專(zhuan)(zhuan)業技術問題，海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)院(yuan)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)(zhuan)門(men)法(fa)院(yuan)審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)此(ci)類(lei)(lei)案(an)件(jian)(jian)可(ke)以(yi)進一(yi)步提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)案(an)件(jian)(jian)審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)質量，為(wei)(wei)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋(yang)執(zhi)法(fa)活(huo)動提(ti)(ti)供(gong)有(you)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)司(si)(si)法(fa)支持和監督。

　　問：此次《規定》的亮點之一是明確海事法院對海事行政案件行使管轄權，海事法院專門審理海事行政案件具有哪些方面的優勢。

　　答：海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)訴(su)訟是指(zhi)從(cong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)海(hai)洋(yang)運(yun)輸、生產等(deng)活動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)人(ren)不服(fu)(fu)海(hai)洋(yang)及(ji)通海(hai)水域行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)機關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為，或不服(fu)(fu)復(fu)議(yi)決定(ding)，在法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)期限(xian)(xian)內向法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)起(qi)訴(su)，由法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)根據法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)程序對(dui)(dui)該海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)爭議(yi)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)(li)(li)(li)和判(pan)(pan)決的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)活動(dong)。實踐證明(ming)，海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)門審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)(li)(li)(li)特定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)更具優(you)勢。首(shou)(shou)先(xian)，海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)同(tong)海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)海(hai)商案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)一(yi)(yi)樣，具有(you)很(hen)強的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)性。海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)(li)(li)(li)，實質(zhi)上(shang)也就是處理(li)(li)(li)(li)海(hai)上(shang)運(yun)輸、生產活動(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)糾紛。如船(chuan)東不服(fu)(fu)海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)局對(dui)(dui)船(chuan)舶(bo)碰(peng)(peng)(peng)撞事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)作出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)處罰決定(ding)，起(qi)訴(su)海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)局的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)，就涉(she)(she)及(ji)到包括(kuo)船(chuan)舶(bo)駕駛、避碰(peng)(peng)(peng)、船(chuan)速、航向、氣象等(deng)許(xu)多(duo)(duo)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)知(zhi)識，這(zhe)些專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)知(zhi)識對(dui)(dui)地(di)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)而言可能(neng)(neng)比較陌生，但(dan)卻是海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)(li)(li)(li)船(chuan)舶(bo)碰(peng)(peng)(peng)撞海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)必備專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)知(zhi)識。因此海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)(li)(li)(li)海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)具有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)專(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)優(you)勢。其(qi)次，海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)具有(you)涉(she)(she)外(wai)(wai)人(ren)才多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)勢。海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)涉(she)(she)外(wai)(wai)性強，如遠洋(yang)運(yun)輸關系中(zhong)(zhong)，外(wai)(wai)國(guo)船(chuan)公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)船(chuan)舶(bo)會頻繁出(chu)(chu)入中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)港(gang)口，容易形成相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)人(ren)為外(wai)(wai)國(guo)船(chuan)公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)涉(she)(she)外(wai)(wai)海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)自1984年(nian)設(she)立(li)以來(lai)涉(she)(she)外(wai)(wai)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)所占收案(an)(an)(an)比例位居全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)之首(shou)(shou)，海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)官熟練掌握使用外(wai)(wai)語水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)力(li)較高，在長(chang)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)(pan)工作中(zhong)(zhong)培養鍛煉了一(yi)(yi)批從(cong)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)涉(she)(she)外(wai)(wai)審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)(pan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)才，為審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)(li)(li)(li)涉(she)(she)外(wai)(wai)海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)打下(xia)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎。第三(san)，海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)(li)(li)(li)海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)位置相(xiang)對(dui)(dui)超脫。全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)只設(she)立(li)了十家海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)置不受行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)區域的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)(xian)制，實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是跨區域管轄制度。這(zhe)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)置使海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)(li)(li)(li)海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)時(shi)，能(neng)(neng)夠排(pai)除(chu)地(di)方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾，克服(fu)(fu)地(di)方(fang)保護(hu)主義，從(cong)而保證案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)(pan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)正性。最(zui)后，隨著立(li)案(an)(an)(an)登記制的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)，人(ren)民法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)受理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各類案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)，尤其(qi)是行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)訴(su)訟案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)數量呈明(ming)顯(xian)(xian)上(shang)升態勢。從(cong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)(pan)力(li)量和受理(li)(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)數量看，地(di)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基(ji)本上(shang)是案(an)(an)(an)多(duo)(duo)人(ren)少，而海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)尚(shang)有(you)余力(li)，將海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)交由海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)專(zhuan)(zhuan)門管轄，一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面有(you)利(li)于解決地(di)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)過多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)難題，另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面則有(you)利(li)于擴大海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受案(an)(an)(an)范圍，促進海(hai)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)與壯大。

　　問：《規定》第二部分規定由行政執法行為實施地海事法院管轄海事行政案件，是如何考慮的？

　　答：隨著航運(yun)經濟的(de)(de)發展，越來越多的(de)(de)內地(di)省(sheng)份(fen)務(wu)工人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)從事(shi)(shi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)上運(yun)輸(shu)、漁業生產(chan)等(deng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)上服務(wu)工作。由于(yu)(yu)這些(xie)務(wu)工人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)的(de)(de)家鄉(xiang)多位于(yu)(yu)內陸(lu)區域(yu)(yu)，不屬于(yu)(yu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)管轄(xia)范圍，如他們不服行(xing)(xing)政機關(guan)(guan)作出限制人(ren)(ren)身自由行(xing)(xing)政處罰措(cuo)施而提起行(xing)(xing)政訴訟(song)，按照(zhao)原告(gao)所在(zai)(zai)地(di)標(biao)準將無法(fa)(fa)確定由哪一家海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)具體審理相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)政案(an)(an)件。同(tong)時行(xing)(xing)政復議機關(guan)(guan)所在(zai)(zai)地(di)亦可(ke)能(neng)處于(yu)(yu)內陸(lu)城市，亦不能(neng)按照(zhao)復議機關(guan)(guan)所在(zai)(zai)地(di)確定相(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)。鑒于(yu)(yu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)政執法(fa)(fa)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)通常發生于(yu)(yu)內河、沿海(hai)(hai)(hai)水域(yu)(yu)，處于(yu)(yu)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)管轄(xia)區域(yu)(yu)，在(zai)(zai)依據行(xing)(xing)政機關(guan)(guan)所在(zai)(zai)地(di)或原告(gao)所在(zai)(zai)地(di)無法(fa)(fa)確定海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)情(qing)形下，可(ke)由行(xing)(xing)政執法(fa)(fa)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)實(shi)施地(di)的(de)(de)海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)管轄(xia)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)政案(an)(an)件。

　　問：《規定》為何特別明確人民法院可以依職權對已發生法律效力的管轄權異議裁定案件進行再審？

　　答： 2012年(nian)修訂的(de)《民(min)事(shi)(shi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》第(di)二百(bai)條刪除了(le)2007年(nian)《民(min)事(shi)(shi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》第(di)一(yi)百(bai)七十(shi)(shi)九條關于(yu)“違(wei)反(fan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，管(guan)轄錯(cuo)誤(wu)”可(ke)以(yi)(yi)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)再(zai)(zai)審(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。《最(zui)高(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)關于(yu)適(shi)用<中(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共(gong)和國民(min)事(shi)(shi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)>的(de)解(jie)釋》第(di)三百(bai)八十(shi)(shi)一(yi)條進一(yi)步明(ming)確(que)(que)，當(dang)(dang)(dang)事(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)對(dui)不(bu)予受(shou)理(li)和駁回起訴(su)的(de)裁定(ding)(ding)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)再(zai)(zai)審(shen)(shen)(shen)，從(cong)而(er)排除了(le)當(dang)(dang)(dang)事(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)對(dui)管(guan)轄權(quan)異(yi)議裁定(ding)(ding)錯(cuo)誤(wu)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)再(zai)(zai)審(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)權(quan)利。但在海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)實(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)如果對(dui)于(yu)錯(cuo)誤(wu)的(de)管(guan)轄權(quan)異(yi)議裁定(ding)(ding)一(yi)律不(bu)予糾正(zheng)(zheng)，則不(bu)利于(yu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)專(zhuan)門管(guan)轄制度的(de)落(luo)實(shi)。隨著(zhu)立案(an)(an)(an)登記(ji)制的(de)全面實(shi)施，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)受(shou)理(li)的(de)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)數量明(ming)顯(xian)上(shang)升，因地方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)立案(an)(an)(an)庭(ting)對(dui)海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)受(shou)案(an)(an)(an)范(fan)圍(wei)及海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)特別(bie)程(cheng)序(xu)缺乏充分的(de)了(le)解(jie)，裁定(ding)(ding)地方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)受(shou)理(li)海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)情(qing)形時有發生。此外，也不(bu)乏個別(bie)當(dang)(dang)(dang)事(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)故(gu)意(yi)采(cai)取變更案(an)(an)(an)由(you)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)為制造(zao)管(guan)轄連接點等手段(duan)規(gui)避海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)專(zhuan)門管(guan)轄的(de)情(qing)形。由(you)于(yu)海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)所涉及的(de)實(shi)體(ti)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和程(cheng)序(xu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)均不(bu)同于(yu)一(yi)般(ban)民(min)事(shi)(shi)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，如由(you)普通法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)適(shi)用普通民(min)事(shi)(shi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)程(cheng)序(xu)及一(yi)般(ban)實(shi)體(ti)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，審(shen)(shen)(shen)判質(zhi)量難以(yi)(yi)保(bao)證，可(ke)能損害人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)威。依照民(min)事(shi)(shi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，除因當(dang)(dang)(dang)事(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)再(zai)(zai)審(shen)(shen)(shen)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)符合法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律規(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)情(qing)形可(ke)以(yi)(yi)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)再(zai)(zai)審(shen)(shen)(shen)程(cheng)序(xu)外，對(dui)確(que)(que)有錯(cuo)誤(wu)的(de)判決(jue)、裁定(ding)(ding)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)依照職權(quan)主(zhu)動(dong)(dong)審(shen)(shen)(shen)查，依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)再(zai)(zai)審(shen)(shen)(shen)程(cheng)序(xu)，這是法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律賦予人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)自身監(jian)督的(de)職權(quan)。為保(bao)障海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)得到公正(zheng)(zheng)及時的(de)審(shen)(shen)(shen)理(li)，《規(gui)定(ding)(ding)》明(ming)確(que)(que)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)可(ke)按照民(min)事(shi)(shi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)第(di)一(yi)百(bai)九十(shi)(shi)八條規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，對(dui)違(wei)反(fan)海(hai)(hai)(hai)事(shi)(shi)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)專(zhuan)門管(guan)轄的(de)裁定(ding)(ding)，依職權(quan)啟(qi)動(dong)(dong)再(zai)(zai)審(shen)(shen)(shen)程(cheng)序(xu)予以(yi)(yi)糾正(zheng)(zheng)。

　　法制網北京2月24日訊

日期：2016-2-24 16:18:16 | 關閉 |  分享到：