日前,最高人(ren)民檢(jian)察院制定(ding)下發(fa)《2018—2022年(nian)檢(jian)察改革(ge)工作規劃》(下稱《改革(ge)規劃》),對今后幾年(nian)的檢(jian)察改革(ge)做了(le)(le)系統規劃和(he)部(bu)署。《改革(ge)規劃》制定(ding)的背(bei)景和(he)主要亮點是什么?如何通過深化改革(ge)推動檢(jian)察職能得(de)到全面(mian)、充分履行?記者(zhe)就相關問題采訪了(le)(le)最高人(ren)民檢(jian)察院法律政(zheng)策(ce)研究室(shi)負責(ze)人(ren)。
一、《改革規劃》是檢察機關貫徹黨的十九大關于司法改革和檢察改革部署的重要文件。這次制定檢察改革規劃是基于什么樣的背景和考慮?
答:去年(nian),習(xi)近平(ping)總書記在慶祝改(gai)革開(kai)(kai)放(fang)(fang)40周(zhou)年(nian)大(da)會上深刻總結了改(gai)革開(kai)(kai)放(fang)(fang)的(de)偉大(da)成(cheng)就和寶貴經驗,動(dong)員(yuan)全(quan)黨全(quan)國各族人(ren)(ren)民在新時代(dai)繼續把改(gai)革開(kai)(kai)放(fang)(fang)推(tui)向前進(jin)。最高人(ren)(ren)民檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)院張軍檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)長在慶祝檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)關(guan)恢復重(zhong)(zhong)建40周(zhou)年(nian)大(da)會上指出,40年(nian)來(lai),人(ren)(ren)民檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)事(shi)業是在黨中央的(de)堅強領導下,乘著改(gai)革的(de)春風,不斷(duan)發展(zhan)進(jin)步的(de)。改(gai)革對于國家(jia)發展(zhan),對于檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)事(shi)業的(de)發展(zhan)有(you)著至關(guan)重(zhong)(zhong)要的(de)作用。特別是黨的(de)十八大(da)以(yi)來(lai),在以(yi)習(xi)近平(ping)同志為核(he)心(xin)的(de)黨中央領導下,檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)關(guan)以(yi)落實司法責任制為核(he)心(xin),扎實推(tui)進(jin)司法體制改(gai)革,取得重(zhong)(zhong)要進(jin)展(zhan)。改(gai)革主體框架(jia)基本確立,符合司法規律的(de)體制機(ji)制逐步形成(cheng),司法質量效率和司法公(gong)信力持續提升。
中國(guo)特(te)色社會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)義進(jin)入(ru)(ru)新(xin)(xin)時(shi)代(dai),人民檢(jian)察事(shi)業也進(jin)入(ru)(ru)新(xin)(xin)的(de)歷史時(shi)期,檢(jian)察改革面(mian)臨新(xin)(xin)的(de)形勢和新(xin)(xin)的(de)任務。我國(guo)社會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)要矛盾發(fa)生歷史性變(bian)化,人民群眾對民主(zhu)(zhu)、法治(zhi)、公平、正義、安全、環境等方面(mian)的(de)需(xu)求(qiu)更高。特(te)別(bie)是隨著國(guo)家監(jian)察體制改革的(de)實(shi)施(shi),檢(jian)察機關完成(cheng)了空前而又深刻(ke)的(de)職能、機構調整和人員轉隸,如(ru)何把“轉隸”變(bian)為“轉機”,實(shi)現新(xin)(xin)時(shi)代(dai)檢(jian)察工作(zuo)創新(xin)(xin)發(fa)展,把檢(jian)察機關法律(lv)監(jian)督工作(zuo)做實(shi)做好(hao)做強,實(shi)現法律(lv)監(jian)督工作(zuo)的(de)“雙贏(ying)”“多贏(ying)”“共贏(ying)”,成(cheng)為檢(jian)察改革必須解決(jue)的(de)重大課題。
為(wei)了(le)落實黨(dang)的(de)十九大對司法改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)的(de)總(zong)體部署,解(jie)(jie)決當(dang)前檢(jian)察(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)中存(cun)在的(de)突出問題,滿足人民群眾更(geng)高的(de)司法需求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),檢(jian)察(cha)機關(guan)必須解(jie)(jie)放思想、更(geng)新(xin)理念,自(zi)覺適應(ying)新(xin)時代新(xin)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),按照講政治、顧大局、謀發展(zhan)(zhan)、重自(zi)強(qiang)的(de)總(zong)體要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu),緊貼檢(jian)察(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)創新(xin)發展(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)局,在更(geng)高起點(dian)上(shang)謀劃和推進改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge),使(shi)檢(jian)察(cha)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)真正成為(wei)新(xin)時代檢(jian)察(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)創新(xin)發展(zhan)(zhan)的(de)強(qiang)大動力。為(wei)此,最高人民檢(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)自(zi)2018年(nian)初(chu)就著手起草制(zhi)定《改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)規(gui)劃》,歷經反復修改(gai)(gai)和廣泛征求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)意見(jian),并(bing)經中央司法體制(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)領導(dao)小組(zu)會議審議通過,于(yu)12月下旬(xun)正式印發。這個改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)規(gui)劃的(de)印發,也標(biao)志著新(xin)一(yi)階段的(de)檢(jian)察(cha)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)正式踏上(shang)征程。
二、當前的檢察工作中還存在哪些需要通過改革來解決的突出問題,解決這些問題的總體思路是什么?
答:改(gai)革(ge)要堅持問題(ti)導(dao)向,這是一條基本原(yuan)則。對于檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)中存(cun)在的(de)問題(ti),最高(gao)人民檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)院(yuan)新一屆(jie)黨組進行了廣(guang)泛而深入的(de)調研(yan)。總的(de)來(lai)看(kan),還(huan)(huan)存(cun)在兩大(da)方面(mian)的(de)問題(ti):一是司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)還(huan)(huan)沒(mei)有(you)(you)完(wan)全(quan)落實。盡管(guan)司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)已經(jing)取得了顯著成(cheng)績,但仍處于“破而未立”的(de)狀態(tai),也就是已經(jing)破題(ti)了、推開了,但配(pei)套制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)還(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)完(wan)善(shan)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)成(cheng)熟。例如,員額動態(tai)管(guan)理(li)、退出機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)健全(quan);有(you)(you)的(de)地(di)(di)方對領導(dao)干部(bu)帶(dai)頭(tou)辦(ban)案的(de)要求(qiu)落實不(bu)(bu)(bu)到位;有(you)(you)的(de)地(di)(di)方司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)辦(ban)案機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)運行還(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)規范(fan);職(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)保障政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce)沒(mei)有(you)(you)完(wan)全(quan)落地(di)(di),等(deng)等(deng)。二(er)是檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)總體(ti)(ti)上還(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)適應(ying)新形勢新任(ren)務新需(xu)求(qiu)。檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)、檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)隊(dui)伍仍然(ran)存(cun)在不(bu)(bu)(bu)少(shao)亟需(xu)補強的(de)短板,法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)監(jian)督工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡、不(bu)(bu)(bu)協(xie)調、不(bu)(bu)(bu)充分與(yu)人民日益(yi)增長的(de)美好生(sheng)活需(xu)要不(bu)(bu)(bu)相適應(ying)。我們將(jiang)其概括為“三(san)個(ge)(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡”,即刑事(shi)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)與(yu)民事(shi)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)、行政(zheng)(zheng)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)、公(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)發展不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡;刑事(shi)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)中的(de)公(gong)訴(su)與(yu)偵查(cha)監(jian)督、刑事(shi)執行監(jian)督等(deng)發展不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡;高(gao)檢(jian)(jian)院(yuan)、省級檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)院(yuan)的(de)領導(dao)指導(dao)能(neng)(neng)力與(yu)市、縣(xian)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)院(yuan)辦(ban)案工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)實際需(xu)求(qiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡。這“三(san)個(ge)(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡”,影響(xiang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)監(jian)督職(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)全(quan)面(mian)履行,影響(xiang)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)關在維護群眾(zhong)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權益(yi)、保障“五位一體(ti)(ti)”總體(ti)(ti)布局(ju)和(he)“四個(ge)(ge)全(quan)面(mian)”戰略(lve)布局(ju)實施(shi)方面(mian)更好地(di)(di)發揮檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)職(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)作(zuo)(zuo)用。
這(zhe)兩大方面(mian)的(de)問(wen)題(ti),都迫切需要(yao)通過改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)方式來(lai)解決。這(zhe)也(ye)就(jiu)是今(jin)后(hou)一個時(shi)期(qi)檢(jian)察改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)出(chu)發點和(he)(he)著力點:一是針對司(si)法(fa)(fa)體(ti)制(zhi)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)中存在(zai)的(de)問(wen)題(ti),展開“精(jing)裝修”。就(jiu)是要(yao)以堅韌(ren)不拔的(de)精(jing)神,保(bao)持工(gong)作力度和(he)(he)連續性(xing),進(jin)一步推深做實既(ji)有(you)的(de)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)目,在(zai)鞏固中深化,在(zai)深化中鞏固,使各(ge)項(xiang)(xiang)改(gai)(gai)革(ge)舉措綜合配套(tao)和(he)(he)銜接起來(lai),形成有(you)機統一的(de)整體(ti),增強改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)整體(ti)性(xing)、系統性(xing)、協同性(xing)。二是針對人(ren)民群(qun)眾更高的(de)法(fa)(fa)治需求,推出(chu)新舉措。就(jiu)是要(yao)適(shi)應(ying)新時(shi)代(dai)社會主要(yao)矛盾新變(bian)化,建立完(wan)善相關制(zhi)度,增強法(fa)(fa)律(lv)監督側(ce)供給,推動檢(jian)察職(zhi)能得到全面(mian)、充(chong)分履行,為人(ren)民群(qun)眾提(ti)供更豐(feng)富(fu)、更優質的(de)法(fa)(fa)治產品、檢(jian)察產品。
三、我們知道,司法責任制改革是司法體制改革的“牛鼻子”,檢察機關在新時期如何深入推進司法責任制改革?特別是在完善檢察權運行體系方面,有哪些亮點?
答:司(si)(si)法責(ze)任(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)是(shi)(shi)司(si)(si)法體(ti)(ti)(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)的(de)(de)核心內容,是(shi)(shi)一項(xiang)長期的(de)(de)基礎(chu)性工(gong)程(cheng)。黨的(de)(de)十(shi)八大(da)以來檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)關一直在(zai)(zai)(zai)著力推(tui)進,黨的(de)(de)十(shi)九大(da)明確要求深(shen)入落(luo)(luo)實(shi)。下一步(bu),重點是(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)深(shen)化(hua)和配套(tao)上下功夫(fu)。為此,改(gai)革(ge)規劃規定了科學設(she)置(zhi)辦案(an)(an)(an)(an)組織和辦案(an)(an)(an)(an)團(tuan)隊(dui)、完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)擔(dan)任(ren)領導(dao)職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)官辦案(an)(an)(an)(an)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度、規范檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)官辦案(an)(an)(an)(an)權(quan)限、完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)官承辦案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)確定機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)官業(ye)(ye)績(ji)評價機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)理(li)和監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)司(si)(si)法責(ze)任(ren)認(ren)定和追究機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、深(shen)化(hua)檢(jian)(jian)務(wu)(wu)公開(kai)等8項(xiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度。歸納起來就是(shi)(shi)三個方(fang)面(mian)(mian):一是(shi)(shi)抓(zhua)辦案(an)(an)(an)(an)。要完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)官辦案(an)(an)(an)(an)責(ze)任(ren)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),突(tu)出檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)官在(zai)(zai)(zai)司(si)(si)法辦案(an)(an)(an)(an)中的(de)(de)主體(ti)(ti)(ti)地(di)位(wei),真正落(luo)(luo)實(shi)“誰辦案(an)(an)(an)(an)誰負(fu)責(ze)、誰決定誰負(fu)責(ze)”。特別是(shi)(shi)落(luo)(luo)實(shi)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)長直接辦案(an)(an)(an)(an)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度,督(du)促擔(dan)任(ren)領導(dao)職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)官辦案(an)(an)(an)(an)常態化(hua),并帶頭辦理(li)重大(da)、疑難、復雜(za)、新類型案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和在(zai)(zai)(zai)法律適用(yong)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)具(ju)有普遍指導(dao)意義(yi)的(de)(de)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)。同時(shi),繼續(xu)推(tui)動(dong)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)長列(lie)席審判委員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)會(hui)工(gong)作的(de)(de)落(luo)(luo)實(shi)。二是(shi)(shi)強監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)內部(bu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)方(fang)面(mian)(mian),就是(shi)(shi)充分(fen)運(yun)用(yong)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)管(guan)理(li)平臺,實(shi)現對(dui)全員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)全過程(cheng)的(de)(de)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)質量、效率監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)管(guan)理(li),推(tui)動(dong)從整體(ti)(ti)(ti)上提升司(si)(si)法質量和水平,真正做(zuo)到“放(fang)權(quan)不放(fang)任(ren)、用(yong)權(quan)受監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)”,保證(zheng)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)權(quan)依法規范行使。在(zai)(zai)(zai)社(she)會(hui)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)方(fang)面(mian)(mian),主要是(shi)(shi)深(shen)化(hua)檢(jian)(jian)務(wu)(wu)公開(kai),包括(kuo)完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)法律文書(shu)和案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)信息公開(kai)范圍(wei),發布典型案(an)(an)(an)(an)例,公開(kai)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)建議(yi)。還(huan)包括(kuo)深(shen)化(hua)人(ren)民(min)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度改(gai)革(ge),探(tan)索拓寬人(ren)民(min)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)范圍(wei),完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)人(ren)民(min)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)對(dui)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)關辦案(an)(an)(an)(an)活(huo)動(dong)的(de)(de)外部(bu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。三是(shi)(shi)重保障(zhang)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)持續(xu)督(du)促落(luo)(luo)實(shi)與檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)官單獨職(zhi)務(wu)(wu)序列(lie)相對(dui)應(ying)的(de)(de)政(zheng)治(zhi)、生活(huo)等配套(tao)待遇同時(shi),關注(zhu)未入額人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)職(zhi)業(ye)(ye)發展,完(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)善(shan)(shan)(shan)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)輔助人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、司(si)(si)法行政(zheng)人(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度,營造干事創業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)良好氛圍(wei)。
四、《改革規劃》強調,檢察機關法律監督工作要全面、協調、充分發展,那么如何通過改革推動法律監督全面、協調、充分發展?
答:憲法(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)定檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)是法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)監督(du)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan),法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)賦予的(de)(de)(de)(de)監督(du)職能是多元的(de)(de)(de)(de),不是單純的(de)(de)(de)(de)刑(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)監督(du),而是對刑(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)、民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)、行(xing)政(zheng)訴(su)(su)訟(song)相關(guan)領(ling)域(yu)全面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)監督(du)。過(guo)去,囿于(yu)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)著力(li)點(dian)和(he)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)人員(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)限制,檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)主要精(jing)力(li)集中在(zai)(zai)反(fan)貪工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)和(he)刑(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)方面(mian)(mian)。今后一個時期,我們將適應人民(min)(min)群眾司法(fa)(fa)需求,從檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)受理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)政(zheng)申訴(su)(su)案件明顯增多的(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際(ji)出發,以內(nei)設機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)為突破口,進一步(bu)全面(mian)(mian)深化(hua)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)改(gai)革(ge)(ge)。最(zui)高(gao)人民(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)院已經實(shi)(shi)施(shi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)內(nei)設機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)改(gai)革(ge)(ge),設立專門的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)、行(xing)政(zheng)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)和(he)公益(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)。同(tong)時推進地方檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)內(nei)設機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)改(gai)革(ge)(ge),統一規(gui)(gui)范內(nei)設機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)構(gou)設置和(he)名(ming)稱。在(zai)(zai)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制層面(mian)(mian),我們還規(gui)(gui)定了健全以“精(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)”為導向的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)、行(xing)政(zheng)訴(su)(su)訟(song)監督(du)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制,強調把案子辦(ban)好(hao)辦(ban)準(zhun)(zhun),提升專業辦(ban)案能力(li)水平,用(yong)“精(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)性”來強化(hua)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)監督(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)權威性;全面(mian)(mian)貫徹人民(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)院組織法(fa)(fa)、民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)法(fa)(fa)、行(xing)政(zheng)訴(su)(su)訟(song)法(fa)(fa)關(guan)于(yu)公益(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定,完善(shan)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)提起公益(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)制,等等。通過(guo)一系(xi)列改(gai)革(ge)(ge)舉(ju)措,實(shi)(shi)現刑(xing)(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)、民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)、行(xing)政(zheng)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)、公益(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)并(bing)舉(ju),更新工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)理(li)念,調整工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)布局(ju),為推動法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)監督(du)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)協調發展、全面(mian)(mian)發展奠定堅實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)組織基(ji)礎(chu)、能力(li)基(ji)礎(chu)、制度基(ji)礎(chu)。
五、專業化是新時期檢察改革的重要方向,在推進專業化方面,改革規劃中有哪些重要舉措?
答(da)(da):專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是(shi)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)改革的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要導向(xiang),也(ye)是(shi)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)主要方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)。面(mian)(mian)對(dui)新時代人民群眾更(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治需求,面(mian)(mian)對(dui)當前法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)新問(wen)題、難(nan)點問(wen)題層出不窮的(de)(de)現(xian)狀(zhuang),檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)必(bi)須努力(li)(li)推動(dong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)向(xiang)更(geng)加(jia)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)更(geng)加(jia)精(jing)準的(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)向(xiang)發(fa)展(zhan),使檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)能力(li)(li)同步適應經濟社會快(kuai)速發(fa)展(zhan)步伐。改革規劃中(zhong)體現(xian)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)舉(ju)措(cuo)很多。在刑事(shi)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),主要是(shi)按照(zhao)習近平總(zong)書記(ji)“注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)培(pei)(pei)養專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)能力(li)(li)、專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)精(jing)神(shen)”的(de)(de)要求突出專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)設,堅持“一(yi)(yi)類事(shi)項原則(ze)上(shang)(shang)由一(yi)(yi)個部(bu)門(men)統籌、一(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)事(shi)情(qing)原則(ze)上(shang)(shang)由一(yi)(yi)個部(bu)門(men)負(fu)責”,綜合考(kao)慮(lv)提高(gao)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)案(an)(an)(an)(an)質量效(xiao)率、強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)更(geng)實(shi)(shi)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)制(zhi)(zhi)約、落(luo)實(shi)(shi)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)責任制(zhi)(zhi)以及與監(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)、偵查(cha)、審判、刑罰執行機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)聯(lian)系銜接等(deng)(deng)(deng)各方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)因素,按照(zhao)犯罪類型(xing)(xing)重(zhong)(zhong)新組建(jian)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)(hua)(hua)刑事(shi)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)案(an)(an)(an)(an)機(ji)(ji)構,實(shi)(shi)行捕訴一(yi)(yi)體辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)案(an)(an)(an)(an)模式。在民事(shi)行政(zheng)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian),主要是(shi)建(jian)立(li)(li)完善類案(an)(an)(an)(an)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。以抗(kang)訴為例,不在于多,而(er)在于精(jing)、準。選擇那些具有(you)典型(xing)(xing)意義、在司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)理(li)念方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)有(you)糾偏、創新、進(jin)步、引領性(xing)的(de)(de)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian),抗(kang)訴一(yi)(yi)件(jian)(jian)可以促進(jin)解決(jue)一(yi)(yi)個方(fang)(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)、一(yi)(yi)個領域(yu)、一(yi)(yi)個時期司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)理(li)念、政(zheng)策、導向(xiang)的(de)(de)問(wen)題,發(fa)揮對(dui)類似案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)指(zhi)導作(zuo)(zuo)用,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)優化(hua)(hua)(hua)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)監(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)。除此之外(wai)還(huan)有(you)其他一(yi)(yi)些措(cuo)施,例如(ru),建(jian)立(li)(li)完善專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)委員會制(zhi)(zhi)度。對(dui)于檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)理(li)的(de)(de)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian),必(bi)要時邀請法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)學(xue)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)、專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)家(jia)(jia)型(xing)(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)官(guan)(guan)、律(lv)師以及有(you)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)背景的(de)(de)人大代表(biao)、政(zheng)協委員參加(jia)評議、咨(zi)詢和(he)研判,促進(jin)提升檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)官(guan)(guan)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)案(an)(an)(an)(an)能力(li)(li)和(he)水(shui)平,強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)案(an)(an)(an)(an)質量和(he)效(xiao)果。又(you)如(ru),對(dui)于涉及金融(rong)、經濟、環(huan)保、食藥(yao)等(deng)(deng)(deng)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)性(xing)較強(qiang)(qiang)領域(yu)的(de)(de)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian),與有(you)關(guan)(guan)行政(zheng)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)、金融(rong)管理(li)部(bu)門(men)等(deng)(deng)(deng)開展(zhan)干部(bu)交流,輔助檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)人員辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)案(an)(an)(an)(an),提供相關(guan)(guan)領域(yu)專(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)知識咨(zi)詢。再如(ru)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)政(zheng)治培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)和(he)業(ye)(ye)務培(pei)(pei)訓(xun),落(luo)實(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)官(guan)(guan)教檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)官(guan)(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)度,加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)對(dui)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)理(li)互聯(lian)網、金融(rong)、知識產權等(deng)(deng)(deng)新領域(yu)、新類型(xing)(xing)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)。完善“檢(jian)(jian)答(da)(da)網”建(jian)設,暢通(tong)(tong)上(shang)(shang)下級檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)業(ye)(ye)務溝通(tong)(tong)平臺,加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)上(shang)(shang)下級檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)業(ye)(ye)務交流和(he)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)指(zhi)導。等(deng)(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。
六、人民群眾對檢察機關公益訴訟越來越熟知,在完善公益訴訟工作機制方面,檢察機關目前還面臨怎樣的現實難題。為此,改革規劃提出了哪些新舉措以來破冰?
答:公(gong)益訴(su)(su)訟檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)是憲法(fa)和(he)法(fa)律賦予檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)項新職(zhi)能。相對于其(qi)他(ta)檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)工作來(lai)說,這(zhe)項工作新的(de)(de)(de)理(li)(li)念還(huan)沒有(you)完(wan)(wan)全建立(li)(li)起來(lai),專(zhuan)業性和(he)工作經(jing)驗還(huan)不(bu)足,需要(yao)在推進中(zhong)不(bu)斷(duan)完(wan)(wan)善。做好(hao)(hao)公(gong)益訴(su)(su)訟檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)工作,重(zhong)點(dian)是要(yao)依靠黨委和(he)政府(fu)的(de)(de)(de)支持(chi),因(yin)此檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)要(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)“雙(shuang)贏多贏共贏”理(li)(li)念,主動(dong)(dong)與(yu)(yu)(yu)相關(guan)部(bu)門溝通(tong)協(xie)調(diao),形成良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)互動(dong)(dong)關(guan)系。一(yi)是充分發(fa)揮訴(su)(su)前(qian)程(cheng)序(xu)作用(yong)。建立(li)(li)健全訴(su)(su)前(qian)溝通(tong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制,收到(dao)案(an)(an)件線索后(hou),根據線索的(de)(de)(de)來(lai)源(yuan)、涉及(ji)問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)性質等因(yin)素,及(ji)時(shi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)政府(fu)部(bu)門進行(xing)溝通(tong),需要(yao)進入訴(su)(su)前(qian)程(cheng)序(xu)的(de)(de)(de),依法(fa)發(fa)出(chu)檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)建議并(bing)努(nu)力協(xie)調(diao)促進落實。二是健全人(ren)(ren)民檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)院與(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)院、行(xing)政執(zhi)法(fa)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)工作協(xie)調(diao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制,建立(li)(li)行(xing)政執(zhi)法(fa)與(yu)(yu)(yu)提起公(gong)益訴(su)(su)訟銜接平(ping)臺,規范完(wan)(wan)善公(gong)益訴(su)(su)訟辦(ban)案(an)(an)方式,構建配(pei)置(zhi)科學、運行(xing)高(gao)效的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)益訴(su)(su)訟檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)構職(zhi)能體(ti)系。三(san)是探索“外(wai)援”輔助辦(ban)案(an)(an)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制。就是前(qian)面(mian)提到(dao)的(de)(de)(de),特別是在辦(ban)理(li)(li)環保、食藥領域公(gong)益訴(su)(su)訟案(an)(an)件時(shi),涉及(ji)一(yi)些(xie)專(zhuan)門性知(zhi)識,可以探索從相關(guan)行(xing)政機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)聘請具(ju)備專(zhuan)門知(zhi)識的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren),與(yu)(yu)(yu)檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)人(ren)(ren)員共同辦(ban)案(an)(an),或提供相關(guan)領域專(zhuan)業知(zhi)識咨(zi)詢,共同保護公(gong)益。
七、高檢院成立未成年人檢察專門機構被社會廣泛關注。請問檢察機關在保護未成年人成長方面將推出哪些創新舉措?
未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)是(shi)(shi)(shi)祖國(guo)的未(wei)(wei)來。保護(hu)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)、促進未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)健康、安(an)全(quan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長是(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)察(cha)機關義不容辭的責任。我(wo)們將以高檢(jian)院(yuan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立正式的未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)檢(jian)察(cha)廳為新起(qi)點(dian),進一(yi)(yi)步加強和(he)完善未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)檢(jian)察(cha)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。重要的有(you),一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)以全(quan)面綜(zong)合司法(fa)保護(hu)為導(dao)向,規范捕(bu)、訴(su)、偵(zhen)、防(fang)一(yi)(yi)體化(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機制。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)深化(hua)(hua)涉罪(zui)(zui)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)的教育感化(hua)(hua)挽救(jiu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),探(tan)索建(jian)立罪(zui)(zui)錯未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)臨界教育、家庭教育、分級處遇和(he)保護(hu)處分制度(du),推行未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)被害(hai)人(ren)(ren)“一(yi)(yi)站(zhan)式”詢問(wen)、救(jiu)助機制,建(jian)立健全(quan)性侵害(hai)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)違(wei)法(fa)犯罪(zui)(zui)信(xin)息(xi)庫和(he)入職查詢制度(du)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)促進法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)進校園活動(dong)制度(du)化(hua)(hua),進一(yi)(yi)步推進檢(jian)察(cha)官法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)副校長、未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)教育基地建(jian)設(she)(she)等工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)。四(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)開展(zhan)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)檢(jian)察(cha)社會支持體系建(jian)設(she)(she)試點(dian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),推動(dong)專(zhuan)業化(hua)(hua)和(he)社會化(hua)(hua)的有(you)效銜(xian)接。