cciia.org.cn 2020-4-1 13:37:09 人民(min)法(fa)院報
2020年3月(yue)(yue)6日，最(zui)(zui)高人(ren)民法院印發《公益訴(su)訟文(wen)書(shu)樣式(shi)（試行）》，自2020年4月(yue)(yue)1日起施行。文(wen)件印發后，最(zui)(zui)高人(ren)民法院環境資(zi)源審判庭負責人(ren)接受了記者(zhe)采訪(fang)，就有關(guan)問題回(hui)答(da)了記者(zhe)提問。
問：《公益訴訟文書樣式(shi)（試行）》修訂(ding)的背景是什么？有(you)什么重要(yao)意(yi)義？
答：2017年，全國(guo)人(ren)(ren)大(da)常委會(hui)修改了《中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共和國(guo)民(min)(min)事訴訟(song)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》《中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共和國(guo)行政訴訟(song)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》，在法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定的(de)(de)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)和有關(guan)(guan)組織提起民(min)(min)事公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)制度的(de)(de)基礎上，增加規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)制度。2018年3月(yue)，《最(zui)高(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)關(guan)(guan)于(yu)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)案件適(shi)用法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)若干(gan)問題的(de)(de)解釋》（以下簡稱(cheng)《檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)解釋》）公(gong)(gong)布施行，進一(yi)步就(jiu)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)的(de)(de)審(shen)理(li)程序做(zuo)出具體解釋。各級人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)認真貫(guan)徹落實(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)、司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)解釋的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定，審(shen)理(li)大(da)量公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)案件，取得了顯著成效(xiao)。同時，實(shi)(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)也反映出因對《檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)解釋》的(de)(de)新規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定理(li)解不一(yi)，特別是統一(yi)裁判(pan)文書(shu)樣(yang)式的(de)(de)急迫需(xu)求。為(wei)進一(yi)步規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)范和統一(yi)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)文書(shu)制作，提高(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)文書(shu)質(zhi)量，環境(jing)資源(yuan)審(shen)判(pan)庭(ting)經深入調(diao)研論證，起草(cao)了《公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)文書(shu)樣(yang)式（試行）》征求意見稿，經征求最(zui)高(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)、全國(guo)各高(gao)(gao)級人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)和本(ben)院(yuan)相關(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)的(de)(de)意見，多(duo)次修改后經過最(zui)高(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)審(shen)判(pan)委員(yuan)會(hui)審(shen)議通(tong)過。本(ben)文書(shu)樣(yang)式起到(dao)以下三個方(fang)面的(de)(de)作用：
第一(yi)，填(tian)補文(wen)(wen)書(shu)樣(yang)式(shi)空白。最高人(ren)(ren)民法院(yuan)在2016年發(fa)布的《民事(shi)訴(su)訟文(wen)(wen)書(shu)樣(yang)式(shi)》中(zhong)規定(ding)了環境民事(shi)公益、消(xiao)費民事(shi)公益訴(su)訟文(wen)(wen)書(shu)樣(yang)式(shi)。但尚未規定(ding)檢(jian)察公益訴(su)訟民事(shi)、行政文(wen)(wen)書(shu)樣(yang)式(shi)。此外，審判實踐中(zhong)出現了檢(jian)察刑事(shi)附帶民事(shi)公益訴(su)訟，以(yi)及(ji)人(ren)(ren)民檢(jian)察院(yuan)提起的保護英烈名譽、個(ge)人(ren)(ren)隱私、安(an)全生產(chan)等類型公益訴(su)訟。上述案件(jian)裁判文(wen)(wen)書(shu)樣(yang)式(shi)，急需(xu)最高人(ren)(ren)民法院(yuan)明確統(tong)一(yi)。
第二，提升(sheng)文(wen)書(shu)寫(xie)作(zuo)質(zhi)量。《檢(jian)察(cha)公益(yi)訴訟(song)司法解釋》施行后，各(ge)級(ji)人(ren)民法院在檢(jian)察(cha)公益(yi)訴訟(song)文(wen)書(shu)寫(xie)作(zuo)時，對于人(ren)民檢(jian)察(cha)院身份地(di)位、二審訴訟(song)過程等存在稱謂(wei)不統一、表述不明晰等問題，亟需予(yu)以規(gui)范。此次發布(bu)的公益(yi)訴訟(song)文(wen)書(shu)樣式(shi)，為全國法院法官提供標準(zhun)文(wen)本，有利(li)于規(gui)范裁判(pan)文(wen)書(shu)寫(xie)作(zuo)標準(zhun)，提升(sheng)裁判(pan)文(wen)書(shu)寫(xie)作(zuo)質(zhi)量。
第三，弘揚(yang)維護公(gong)共利益(yi)氛圍。公(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟的(de)價值(zhi)不僅體現在以(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)保障(zhang)社(she)(she)會公(gong)共利益(yi)，也(ye)體現了以(yi)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)審判吸(xi)納公(gong)眾(zhong)參與。公(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟裁(cai)判文書(shu)是(shi)(shi)人民法(fa)(fa)(fa)院執(zhi)行法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)及司法(fa)(fa)(fa)解釋關于(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟的(de)特殊規(gui)定(ding)，以(yi)規(gui)范的(de)方式展(zhan)示案(an)件公(gong)益(yi)訴(su)求(qiu)、審理過程、特殊規(gui)則、論(lun)證說理、判決內容等的(de)重要載體，是(shi)(shi)傳(chuan)達法(fa)(fa)(fa)官(guan)審判理念、裁(cai)判思(si)路、法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)思(si)維的(de)重要手段。有利于(yu)(yu)(yu)通過裁(cai)判文書(shu)展(zhan)示案(an)件全過程，保障(zhang)公(gong)眾(zhong)知情(qing)權、參與權和監督權，滿足社(she)(she)會公(gong)眾(zhong)對裁(cai)判文書(shu)的(de)更高(gao)期(qi)待(dai)，更有利于(yu)(yu)(yu)引導社(she)(she)會公(gong)眾(zhong)遵紀守(shou)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、規(gui)范行為，形(xing)成全社(she)(she)會公(gong)益(yi)保護的(de)正能(neng)量。
問(wen)：文書樣式的(de)主要(yao)內容是什么(me)(me)？適用上有什么(me)(me)需要(yao)注意的(de)？
答(da)：本樣(yang)式分(fen)(fen)兩大部分(fen)(fen)，共18個(ge)文(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)樣(yang)式。第(di)一部分(fen)(fen)是(shi)民事公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)樣(yang)式，共16個(ge)。第(di)二部分(fen)(fen)是(shi)行政公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)樣(yang)式，包(bao)括(kuo)判決類文(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)2個(ge)。從訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)類型區(qu)分(fen)(fen)，包(bao)括(kuo)社會組織(zhi)提(ti)(ti)起的公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)樣(yang)式、檢(jian)察(cha)機關(guan)提(ti)(ti)起的公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)樣(yang)式；從保(bao)護公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)的類型區(qu)分(fen)(fen)，包(bao)括(kuo)環境公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)樣(yang)式、消費公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)樣(yang)式，同時(shi)明確英烈保(bao)護等(deng)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)(song)文(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)樣(yang)式的寫(xie)作參照本樣(yang)式書(shu)(shu)(shu)寫(xie)。從文(wen)(wen)書(shu)(shu)(shu)類型區(qu)分(fen)(fen)，包(bao)括(kuo)判決書(shu)(shu)(shu)、裁(cai)定書(shu)(shu)(shu)、調解(jie)書(shu)(shu)(shu)，還包(bao)括(kuo)通知(zhi)(zhi)、告知(zhi)(zhi)書(shu)(shu)(shu)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)告。
一是(shi)注(zhu)重(zhong)原則性(xing)與(yu)靈(ling)活性(xing)的(de)平衡。適用(yong)(yong)本(ben)(ben)(ben)樣(yang)(yang)式(shi)(shi)時，一方(fang)面要(yao)(yao)堅持原則性(xing)，對(dui)于本(ben)(ben)(ben)樣(yang)(yang)式(shi)(shi)有特殊規定的(de)部分，要(yao)(yao)按照(zhao)本(ben)(ben)(ben)樣(yang)(yang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)要(yao)(yao)求書寫，不能(neng)在(zai)適用(yong)(yong)上出現錯誤。比如(ru)，人民(min)檢(jian)察院的(de)首(shou)部稱謂，要(yao)(yao)表(biao)述為公(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟起訴(su)人。另一方(fang)面，可以(yi)保(bao)持靈(ling)活性(xing)。對(dui)于具體內容表(biao)述方(fang)式(shi)(shi)以(yi)及說明中(zhong)表(biao)示可以(yi)參照(zhao)其他文書樣(yang)(yang)式(shi)(shi)的(de)內容，則可以(yi)根(gen)據案情靈(ling)活掌握(wo)。明確根(gen)據案件不同類型采取不同的(de)文書寫作(zuo)要(yao)(yao)求，在(zai)基本(ben)(ben)(ben)格式(shi)(shi)統一的(de)前提下，充分關注(zhu)審理民(min)事、刑(xing)事附帶民(min)事、行政公(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟法官(guan)的(de)專業化特點，有利于法官(guan)接受和使用(yong)(yong)。
二是注重與(yu)現有(you)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書樣(yang)式(shi)之間(jian)的(de)銜(xian)接。鑒于公(gong)益(yi)訴訟文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書樣(yang)式(shi)系公(gong)益(yi)訴訟領域(yu)的(de)特(te)殊文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書樣(yang)式(shi)，故在制定本(ben)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書樣(yang)式(shi)時注重與(yu)最高人民法院(yuan)2016年《民事訴訟文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書樣(yang)式(shi)》和2015年《行政訴訟文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書樣(yang)式(shi)（試(shi)行）》的(de)銜(xian)接。在裁判(pan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書的(de)寫(xie)作(zuo)要求上，本(ben)樣(yang)式(shi)有(you)規(gui)定的(de)要適用(yong)本(ben)樣(yang)式(shi)的(de)規(gui)定。沒有(you)規(gui)定的(de)，適用(yong)前兩個文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書樣(yang)式(shi)的(de)寫(xie)作(zuo)要求，確保裁判(pan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)書撰寫(xie)做(zuo)到格(ge)式(shi)統(tong)一、要素齊全、結構完整、文(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)字規(gui)范。
三是注(zhu)重為(wei)實踐(jian)保(bao)留繼續(xu)探索(suo)空間。考慮到公(gong)益訴(su)訟屬于(yu)新(xin)型(xing)訴(su)訟，審(shen)判實踐(jian)的發(fa)展迅速(su)。尤其是《檢察公(gong)益訴(su)訟司法解釋》施行后(hou)產生(sheng)了很多(duo)新(xin)樣(yang)態(tai)、新(xin)領(ling)域的公(gong)益訴(su)訟，有些(xie)問(wen)題尚(shang)未形成較(jiao)為(wei)一致的觀點，故(gu)未將這些(xie)事項納入文(wen)(wen)書樣(yang)式(shi)(shi)，本樣(yang)式(shi)(shi)以“試行”方式(shi)(shi)發(fa)布，需要各級人民法院進一步探索(suo)積累經驗(yan)。各級人民法院在適用(yong)文(wen)(wen)書樣(yang)式(shi)(shi)過程中的意見和建(jian)議可(ke)以及時向最(zui)高人民法院反(fan)饋。
問：本樣(yang)式中民(min)事公益訴(su)訟部分(fen)與2016年的《民(min)事訴(su)訟文書樣(yang)式》中的公益訴(su)訟部分(fen)相(xiang)比有(you)什么區別？
答：我們將2016年《民事訴訟(song)文書樣式》中(zhong)公(gong)益訴訟(song)部分重新(xin)進行修(xiu)訂，主要(yao)涉(she)及以下(xia)內容：
一(yi)是對公(gong)益訴訟(song)(song)(song)(song)案(an)(an)(an)(an)由進(jin)一(yi)步細化。2016年(nian)《民(min)事(shi)訴訟(song)(song)(song)(song)文書樣式(shi)》環(huan)(huan)境(jing)民(min)事(shi)公(gong)益訴訟(song)(song)(song)(song)一(yi)審判決書規定“原告(gao)(gao)(gao)×××與被(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)×××……公(gong)益訴訟(song)(song)(song)(song)（寫(xie)明(ming)案(an)(an)(an)(an)由）一(yi)案(an)(an)(an)(an)”，本樣式(shi)修改為(wei)“原告(gao)(gao)(gao)×××與被(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)×××……民(min)事(shi)公(gong)益訴訟(song)(song)(song)(song)（寫(xie)明(ming)案(an)(an)(an)(an)由）一(yi)案(an)(an)(an)(an)”。其中“……”則需(xu)要(yao)根據環(huan)(huan)境(jing)污(wu)染(ran)、生態(tai)破壞(huai)的(de)行為(wei)性質以及具體環(huan)(huan)境(jing)要(yao)素不同，可寫(xie)明(ming)大氣(qi)（水、土壤）污(wu)染(ran)民(min)事(shi)公(gong)益訴訟(song)(song)(song)(song)、生態(tai)破壞(huai)民(min)事(shi)公(gong)益訴訟(song)(song)(song)(song)等(deng)。對于消費公(gong)益訴訟(song)(song)(song)(song)，直(zhi)接寫(xie)明(ming)“原告(gao)(gao)(gao)×××與被(bei)告(gao)(gao)(gao)×××消費民(min)事(shi)公(gong)益訴訟(song)(song)(song)(song)一(yi)案(an)(an)(an)(an)”。
二是修改了文(wen)書(shu)(shu)樣(yang)式中關于證(zheng)(zheng)據質(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)(zheng)和(he)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)寫(xie)法(fa)(fa)。公(gong)益訴訟(song)案(an)(an)件案(an)(an)情較為復(fu)雜，證(zheng)(zheng)據種類、數量(liang)較多，適用2016年《民事(shi)(shi)訴訟(song)文(wen)書(shu)(shu)樣(yang)式》中簡(jian)化相關證(zheng)(zheng)據交換、質(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)(zheng)和(he)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)內容(rong)，不符合民事(shi)(shi)公(gong)益訴訟(song)案(an)(an)件的(de)審判理念，寫(xie)明各(ge)類證(zheng)(zheng)據情況以及舉證(zheng)(zheng)質(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)(zheng)內容(rong)，有(you)利于清晰展現人民法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)查明事(shi)(shi)實的(de)基礎，有(you)利于社(she)會(hui)公(gong)眾(zhong)更好地(di)知曉案(an)(an)件事(shi)(shi)實。因此，本樣(yang)式要求在一審判決書(shu)(shu)中寫(xie)明原被告提(ti)交的(de)證(zheng)(zheng)據、法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)對證(zheng)(zheng)據的(de)質(zhi)(zhi)證(zheng)(zheng)和(he)認(ren)證(zheng)(zheng)內容(rong)。
三是明(ming)確(que)一(yi)審(shen)(shen)公益訴(su)訟(song)合議庭組成人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)。根據《中(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共和(he)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)陪審(shen)(shen)員(yuan)法(fa)》的規定，適用《中(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共和(he)國(guo)民(min)(min)事訴(su)訟(song)法(fa)》《中(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)共和(he)國(guo)行政訴(su)訟(song)法(fa)》審(shen)(shen)理(li)(li)的公益訴(su)訟(song)案件，需要組成七人(ren)(ren)合議庭。為(wei)貫徹(che)落實(shi)法(fa)律規定，本樣式(shi)明(ming)確(que)了上(shang)述規定內容。因涉及(ji)(ji)程序問題(ti)的不予受理(li)(li)公益訴(su)訟(song)裁(cai)定多數(shu)由立(li)案部門(men)作出，可以(yi)組成三人(ren)(ren)合議庭審(shen)(shen)理(li)(li)。而準許、不準許撤(che)訴(su)，裁(cai)定駁回訴(su)訟(song)請(qing)求(qiu)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)判(pan)決的裁(cai)判(pan)方式(shi)，都(dou)是實(shi)體審(shen)(shen)理(li)(li)后作出的，應(ying)當嚴格按照(zhao)法(fa)律規定，組成七人(ren)(ren)合議庭審(shen)(shen)理(li)(li)。此外，為(wei)了明(ming)晰(xi)審(shen)(shen)判(pan)權運行規律，明(ming)確(que)法(fa)官助理(li)(li)應(ying)當在裁(cai)判(pan)文(wen)書上(shang)署名的要求(qiu)。
四是修訂了(le)(le)公(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)(song)(song)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)解(jie)(jie)書(shu)的內容(rong)。首先(xian)，在“案(an)件(jian)由來和(he)審理經過”中(zhong)增(zeng)加(jia)了(le)(le)人民(min)(min)檢察院(yuan)提起公(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)(song)(song)履行訴前公(gong)告程序以及人民(min)(min)檢察院(yuan)派員(yuan)出庭的表述方式。其次，糾正了(le)(le)部(bu)分公(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)(song)(song)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)解(jie)(jie)書(shu)本(ben)院(yuan)查明事(shi)(shi)(shi)實過于簡單的問題，明確公(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)(song)(song)調(diao)(diao)(diao)解(jie)(jie)書(shu)中(zhong)應寫(xie)明當事(shi)(shi)(shi)人訴訟(song)(song)(song)請求以及法院(yuan)查明的基本(ben)事(shi)(shi)(shi)實，寫(xie)法與一審民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)(song)(song)判(pan)決書(shu)內容(rong)相同。再次，明確了(le)(le)刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)附(fu)帶民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)(song)(song)調(diao)(diao)(diao)解(jie)(jie)書(shu)名稱以及首部(bu)寫(xie)法。即文書(shu)名稱為“刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)附(fu)帶民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)解(jie)(jie)書(shu)”，首部(bu)參(can)(can)照一審刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)附(fu)帶民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)(song)(song)分開(kai)判(pan)決用的民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)判(pan)決書(shu)首部(bu)規范(fan)書(shu)寫(xie)，其他內容(rong)參(can)(can)照環境民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴訟(song)(song)(song)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)調(diao)(diao)(diao)解(jie)(jie)書(shu)樣式書(shu)寫(xie)。
問：刑事附(fu)帶民事公益訴(su)訟文書(shu)樣式的書(shu)寫(xie)有什(shen)么特殊要求(qiu)？
答：第一(yi)，首(shou)部中明確人(ren)民檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)作(zuo)為公(gong)訴(su)(su)機(ji)關與公(gong)益(yi)訴(su)(su)訟起(qi)訴(su)(su)人(ren)身份。人(ren)民檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)無論是依法(fa)(fa)對刑事犯罪(zui)行(xing)為提起(qi)公(gong)訴(su)(su)，還是為維護國家利益(yi)和社會公(gong)共利益(yi)提起(qi)民事、行(xing)政公(gong)益(yi)訴(su)(su)訟，均系履(lv)行(xing)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)規(gui)定(ding)的(de)職責，在首(shou)部當事人(ren)訴(su)(su)訟地位部分可(ke)以(yi)合并書寫，無需(xu)表(biao)述法(fa)(fa)定(ding)代表(biao)人(ren)、住(zhu)址、委托代理(li)人(ren)等(deng)當事人(ren)信息。
第二，“案件(jian)由(you)來(lai)和(he)(he)審理經(jing)過”中應明(ming)確寫明(ming)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)提(ti)(ti)起(qi)附(fu)帶(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)應履行(xing)(xing)(xing)訴(su)(su)前(qian)(qian)公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)。根據《中華人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)共和(he)(he)國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)法(fa)(fa)》第五十(shi)五條第二款的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在沒有法(fa)(fa)律(lv)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)有關(guan)(guan)(guan)組(zu)(zu)織或(huo)者其不提(ti)(ti)起(qi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)可以(yi)提(ti)(ti)起(qi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)。《最高人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)、最高人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)(guan)(guan)于人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)提(ti)(ti)起(qi)刑事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)附(fu)帶(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)應否履行(xing)(xing)(xing)訴(su)(su)前(qian)(qian)公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)批復(fu)》明(ming)確，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)提(ti)(ti)起(qi)刑事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)附(fu)帶(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)，應履行(xing)(xing)(xing)訴(su)(su)前(qian)(qian)公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)。對于未履行(xing)(xing)(xing)訴(su)(su)前(qian)(qian)公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)應當進行(xing)(xing)(xing)釋明(ming)，告(gao)(gao)(gao)知人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)(gao)后再行(xing)(xing)(xing)提(ti)(ti)起(qi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)。因人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)履行(xing)(xing)(xing)訴(su)(su)前(qian)(qian)公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)(gao)程(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)，可能影(ying)響相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)刑事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)案件(jian)審理期限(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)可以(yi)另行(xing)(xing)(xing)提(ti)(ti)起(qi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)。為依法(fa)(fa)保(bao)障法(fa)(fa)律(lv)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)組(zu)(zu)織的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)訴(su)(su)權以(yi)及公(gong)(gong)眾的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)知情(qing)權和(he)(he)參與權，在文書中寫明(ming)：“經(jing)查，×××人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)于××××年××月××日(ri)公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)(gao)了其準備提(ti)(ti)起(qi)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)情(qing)況(kuang)，公(gong)(gong)告(gao)(gao)(gao)期內(nei)未有法(fa)(fa)律(lv)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)有關(guan)(guan)(guan)組(zu)(zu)織提(ti)(ti)起(qi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)。”
第(di)三，“案件由來和(he)審(shen)(shen)理(li)經過(guo)”中(zhong)明確上一(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)參(can)(can)(can)與(yu)二(er)審(shen)(shen)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)審(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)表述。《檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)司法(fa)解釋》規定(ding)，“人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)審(shen)(shen)理(li)第(di)二(er)審(shen)(shen)案件，由提(ti)起(qi)(qi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)派員出庭(ting)(ting)(ting)，上一(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)也可(ke)以派員參(can)(can)(can)加二(er)審(shen)(shen)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)審(shen)(shen)。”上一(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)并非二(er)審(shen)(shen)程序中(zhong)獨立的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)方當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，也不(bu)應與(yu)原審(shen)(shen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)起(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)成為(wei)共(gong)同的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)方當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，其(qi)參(can)(can)(can)加二(er)審(shen)(shen)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)審(shen)(shen)是為(wei)了行使(shi)對提(ti)起(qi)(qi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)監督權。公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)起(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)上一(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)派員參(can)(can)(can)加二(er)審(shen)(shen)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)審(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)，開庭(ting)(ting)(ting)時，其(qi)擺放的(de)(de)席簽為(wei)“上級(ji)(ji)(ji)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)關”，與(yu)原審(shen)(shen)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)起(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)同側并列(lie)就座。在文(wen)書制作時，不(bu)在首(shou)部當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)處列(lie)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)起(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)上一(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，應當(dang)在交待到庭(ting)(ting)(ting)參(can)(can)(can)加庭(ting)(ting)(ting)審(shen)(shen)活動的(de)(de)當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)及其(qi)他訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)參(can)(can)(can)加人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)情(qing)況時載明：“×××人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)（公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)起(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)上一(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)）指(zhi)派×××、×××到庭(ting)(ting)(ting)。”上一(yi)(yi)(yi)級(ji)(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)可(ke)以通(tong)過(guo)發表意見(jian)的(de)(de)方式，支持提(ti)起(qi)(qi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)主(zhu)張(zhang)，但其(qi)意見(jian)不(bu)在文(wen)書中(zhong)予(yu)以概述。
第四，明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)附(fu)(fu)帶(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)文(wen)書(shu)樣式(shi)以刑(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)文(wen)書(shu)樣式(shi)為(wei)(wei)基礎，突(tu)出(chu)附(fu)(fu)帶(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)的(de)(de)特殊規定(ding)。一是(shi)因刑(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)附(fu)(fu)帶(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)由(you)審(shen)理刑(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)審(shen)判(pan)(pan)(pan)組(zu)(zu)織審(shen)理，文(wen)書(shu)的(de)(de)案(an)(an)號、合議(yi)(yi)庭(ting)成員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)均為(wei)(wei)審(shen)理刑(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)案(an)(an)號和(he)合議(yi)(yi)庭(ting)成員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)；同(tong)時根據(ju)《中華人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)共(gong)和(he)國(guo)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)陪審(shen)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)》的(de)(de)規定(ding)，公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)應當組(zu)(zu)成法(fa)官三人(ren)與陪審(shen)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)四人(ren)的(de)(de)七人(ren)合議(yi)(yi)庭(ting)進行審(shen)理，故明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)附(fu)(fu)帶(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)審(shen)判(pan)(pan)(pan)組(zu)(zu)織為(wei)(wei)七人(ren)制大合議(yi)(yi)庭(ting)。二是(shi)因刑(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)與附(fu)(fu)帶(dai)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)均由(you)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)檢察(cha)院(yuan)啟動(dong)，但其(qi)身份地位分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)公(gong)(gong)訴(su)機關和(he)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)起訴(su)人(ren)。將一審(shen)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)附(fu)(fu)帶(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)一并判(pan)(pan)(pan)決(jue)與分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)開判(pan)(pan)(pan)決(jue)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)列為(wei)(wei)兩種文(wen)書(shu)，各(ge)級(ji)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)法(fa)院(yuan)可以根據(ju)實際情況選擇使用。如符合刑(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)法(fa)規定(ding)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)開判(pan)(pan)(pan)決(jue)的(de)(de)，分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)開的(de)(de)附(fu)(fu)帶(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)文(wen)書(shu)名(ming)稱為(wei)(wei)“民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)判(pan)(pan)(pan)決(jue)書(shu)”，仍使用刑(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)案(an)(an)號，其(qi)后(hou)加“之一”。該(gai)類文(wen)書(shu)首(shou)部要按照民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)文(wen)書(shu)樣式(shi)書(shu)寫(xie)。同(tong)時，在敘述訴(su)訟(song)(song)過程時要寫(xie)明(ming)(ming)刑(xing)(xing)(xing)事(shi)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)(jian)已經在先裁判(pan)(pan)(pan)，并寫(xie)明(ming)(ming)裁判(pan)(pan)(pan)結果。
問：二審刑事附帶民事公(gong)益訴訟(song)判決書/裁定書的說明(ming)中列舉了很多類(lei)型(xing)，能否(fou)具體解釋一下(xia)？
答：二審(shen)(shen)(shen)刑事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)附(fu)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)判決(jue)(jue)書(shu)/裁定書(shu)可(ke)能(neng)會因為啟動主體和啟動針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)的(de)內容不同(tong)，存(cun)在多(duo)種(zhong)樣式(shi)(shi)。為了(le)簡化文書(shu)樣式(shi)(shi)類型，本樣式(shi)(shi)僅規定檢察(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)抗訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)并以(yi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)起(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身份(fen)上(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)情(qing)形(xing)，其(qi)(qi)余情(qing)形(xing)在樣式(shi)(shi)所附(fu)的(de)“說明(ming)”中予以(yi)明(ming)確。（1）只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)一(yi)(yi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)刑事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)判決(jue)(jue)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分提(ti)起(qi)(qi)抗訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)，其(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)地位寫(xie)(xie)作(zuo)“抗訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)暨(ji)一(yi)(yi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)附(fu)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)起(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)×××人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)檢察(cha)院”，其(qi)(qi)他當事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)寫(xie)(xie)作(zuo)“一(yi)(yi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)被(bei)(bei)告單(dan)(dan)位暨(ji)附(fu)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)被(bei)(bei)告”。（2）只(zhi)(zhi)有(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)起(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)一(yi)(yi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)判決(jue)(jue)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分提(ti)出(chu)上(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)起(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)地位寫(xie)(xie)作(zuo)“原公(gong)(gong)(gong)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)暨(ji)上(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)（一(yi)(yi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)附(fu)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)起(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)）×××人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)檢察(cha)院”。其(qi)(qi)他當事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)寫(xie)(xie)作(zuo)“被(bei)(bei)上(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)（一(yi)(yi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)被(bei)(bei)告單(dan)(dan)位暨(ji)附(fu)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)被(bei)(bei)告）”。（3）一(yi)(yi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)被(bei)(bei)告單(dan)(dan)位/被(bei)(bei)告人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)暨(ji)附(fu)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)被(bei)(bei)告同(tong)時針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)刑事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)判決(jue)(jue)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分和附(fu)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)判決(jue)(jue)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分提(ti)出(chu)上(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)或(huo)者(zhe)只(zhi)(zhi)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)附(fu)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分上(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)，檢察(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)地位寫(xie)(xie)作(zuo)“原公(gong)(gong)(gong)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)暨(ji)被(bei)(bei)上(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)（一(yi)(yi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)附(fu)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)起(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)）×××人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)檢察(cha)院”。上(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)寫(xie)(xie)作(zuo)“上(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)（一(yi)(yi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)被(bei)(bei)告單(dan)(dan)位暨(ji)附(fu)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)被(bei)(bei)告）”。（4）一(yi)(yi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)被(bei)(bei)告單(dan)(dan)位/被(bei)(bei)告人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)暨(ji)附(fu)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)被(bei)(bei)告只(zhi)(zhi)針(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)對(dui)刑事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)判決(jue)(jue)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分提(ti)出(chu)上(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)的(de)，檢察(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)地位寫(xie)(xie)作(zuo)“原公(gong)(gong)(gong)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)暨(ji)一(yi)(yi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)附(fu)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)起(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)×××人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)檢察(cha)院”，上(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)寫(xie)(xie)作(zuo)“上(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)（一(yi)(yi)審(shen)(shen)(shen)被(bei)(bei)告單(dan)(dan)位暨(ji)附(fu)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)民(min)(min)(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)被(bei)(bei)告）”。
上述(shu)規定有利于(yu)明確(que)不(bu)同訴訟地(di)位的(de)主(zhu)體以(yi)及(ji)不(bu)同類型的(de)刑事(shi)附帶民事(shi)公益訴訟案件(jian)，區別于(yu)目前實踐中(zhong)(zhong)因首部書寫規則不(bu)統一導(dao)致(zhi)難以(yi)區分各(ge)類文書的(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)形。當然，說明中(zhong)(zhong)也并未窮(qiong)盡所有情(qing)(qing)(qing)形的(de)首部寫法，對于(yu)沒有列(lie)舉的(de)情(qing)(qing)(qing)形，可以(yi)參(can)照(zhao)樣式以(yi)及(ji)列(lie)舉的(de)其他(ta)情(qing)(qing)(qing)形書寫。
問：行政公益訴(su)訟(song)文(wen)書樣式是新增的，有什(shen)么特點？
答：一是延續行政文(wen)書樣式的(de)(de)(de)基本體例、結構，突(tu)出公(gong)益訴訟的(de)(de)(de)特點。裁判文(wen)書是體現司(si)法機關適用法律(lv)的(de)(de)(de)全(quan)過程(cheng)，要(yao)求行政公(gong)益訴訟裁判文(wen)書要(yao)完整(zheng)概括當(dang)事(shi)(shi)人起訴、答辯、對庭審(shen)(shen)證據的(de)(de)(de)舉證、質證和認(ren)證，全(quan)面反映人民法院(yuan)案件審(shen)(shen)理(li)過程(cheng)。尤其是在法院(yuan)查明的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)部分(fen)，區分(fen)寫(xie)明當(dang)事(shi)(shi)人無(wu)爭議的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)和有(you)爭議但經法院(yuan)審(shen)(shen)查確認(ren)的(de)(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)。對無(wu)爭議事(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)中涉(she)及公(gong)共利益的(de)(de)(de)部分(fen)，要(yao)寫(xie)明法院(yuan)審(shen)(shen)查確認(ren)意見(jian)，突(tu)出公(gong)益訴訟案件審(shen)(shen)理(li)特點。
二是(shi)明確訴(su)訟(song)(song)相關利(li)益(yi)主體可(ke)以作(zuo)為第(di)(di)三(san)人(ren)參加訴(su)訟(song)(song)。人(ren)民(min)檢察院針(zhen)對(dui)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)機關不履行(xing)法(fa)定(ding)職(zhi)責(ze)或者(zhe)違法(fa)履行(xing)職(zhi)責(ze)行(xing)為提起的(de)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)公(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟(song)(song)，案(an)件(jian)審理結果(guo)可(ke)能對(dui)與行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)行(xing)為有(you)利(li)害關系(xi)的(de)他人(ren)產生影響，允(yun)許利(li)害關系(xi)人(ren)以第(di)(di)三(san)人(ren)的(de)身(shen)份參加訴(su)訟(song)(song)，有(you)利(li)于全面(mian)衡量案(an)件(jian)審判效果(guo)，有(you)效保護社會公(gong)共(gong)利(li)益(yi)。
三是以(yi)簡明(ming)樣(yang)(yang)式(shi)歸(gui)納必要(yao)的文(wen)書要(yao)素。本(ben)樣(yang)(yang)式(shi)中行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)一(yi)審、二(er)審公益(yi)訴(su)(su)訟文(wen)書以(yi)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)機關違法(fa)行(xing)(xing)使職權或不履行(xing)(xing)法(fa)定(ding)職責(ze)兩大主要(yao)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)公益(yi)訴(su)(su)訟類型(xing)為樣(yang)(yang)本(ben)設計，主要(yao)考慮這兩類案件在(zai)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)公益(yi)訴(su)(su)訟中占絕大多數。統一(yi)這兩種樣(yang)(yang)式(shi)的基本(ben)要(yao)素，就明(ming)確(que)了(le)大部分(fen)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)公益(yi)訴(su)(su)訟的寫作(zuo)要(yao)求。對于其(qi)他類型(xing)如何(he)書寫，也在(zai)說明(ming)中明(ming)確(que)可參照適用最高(gao)人民法(fa)院2015年發布的《行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)訴(su)(su)訟文(wen)書樣(yang)(yang)式(shi)（試行(xing)(xing)）》。
日期：2020-4-1 13:37:09 | 關閉 |
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