充分履行“四大檢察”法律監督職能
助力完善未成年人保護大格局
——最高檢九廳負責人就《全國檢察機關“檢愛同行 共護未來”未成年人保護法律監督專項行動實施方案》答記者問
日前,最高檢(jian)(jian)印發《全國(guo)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機關“檢(jian)(jian)愛(ai)同行 共(gong)護未來”未成年人保護法律監督(du)專項行動實施方案(an)》。4月29日,最高檢(jian)(jian)第九檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)廳廳長史衛(wei)忠就(jiu)相關問題回答了記者提問。
1.在今年6月1日“兩法”施行前夕,檢察機關部署開展未成年人保護法律監督專項行動具有積極意義。請問在專項行動中,檢察機關將怎樣充分發揮未成年人保護法律監督職能作用?
答:檢察(cha)(cha)機關(guan)是國家(jia)的法(fa)(fa)律(lv)監(jian)督機關(guan),也是唯一參與(yu)未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)司法(fa)(fa)保(bao)護(hu)全(quan)過程的政法(fa)(fa)機關(guan)。新修訂(ding)的未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)(fa)、預防(fang)未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)犯罪法(fa)(fa)將檢察(cha)(cha)機關(guan)探索創建的強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)報告、入職(zhi)查(cha)詢(xun)、未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)檢察(cha)(cha)公(gong)益(yi)訴(su)訟、督促、支持起訴(su)、“一站式”詢(xun)問救助、家(jia)庭教育(yu)指(zhi)導(dao)等制(zhi)(zhi)度機制(zhi)(zhi)上升為法(fa)(fa)律(lv),確(que)立(li)了檢察(cha)(cha)機關(guan)對未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)和(he)(he)犯罪預防(fang)工(gong)作開(kai)展法(fa)(fa)律(lv)監(jian)督的職(zhi)責(ze),賦予了檢察(cha)(cha)機關(guan)在(zai)未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)工(gong)作中的更(geng)重(zhong)任務。開(kai)展未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)監(jian)督專項(xiang)行動(dong),是把未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)檢察(cha)(cha)工(gong)作放到黨和(he)(he)國家(jia)工(gong)作大局中謀劃,貫徹習(xi)近平總書(shu)記關(guan)于(yu)未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)的重(zhong)要指(zhi)示批(pi)示精神和(he)(he)黨中央(yang)關(guan)于(yu)加強(qiang)未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)工(gong)作的決策部(bu)署(shu),落實(shi)新修訂(ding)的“兩(liang)法(fa)(fa)”,推動(dong)解決未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)社會治理突(tu)出問題,促進未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)體(ti)系更(geng)加健全(quan)完(wan)善(shan)的有力舉(ju)措(cuo)。
檢察(cha)機(ji)關法律(lv)監督是我國司法制(zhi)度的(de)重要特色。開展此次專(zhuan)項行動,要牢牢把(ba)握未成年人保護和犯罪預防(fang)工作的(de)法律(lv)監督職能定位,找準檢察(cha)工作在未成年人保護大格(ge)局中(zhong)的(de)著力(li)點、結(jie)合點,更新理(li)念、充(chong)分履職。
一是堅持督導而不(bu)代替(ti)。新修訂(ding)的未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人保(bao)護(hu)(hu)法提出,保(bao)護(hu)(hu)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人是社會共同的責任。只(zhi)有各職(zhi)能(neng)部(bu)(bu)門和相關(guan)主(zhu)體依法履職(zhi)盡(jin)責,才(cai)能(neng)把未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人保(bao)護(hu)(hu)相關(guan)法律法規落到(dao)(dao)實(shi)處。職(zhi)能(neng)部(bu)(bu)門和相關(guan)主(zhu)體工作專(zhuan)業化(hua)、專(zhuan)門化(hua)、社會化(hua)特征明顯(xian),是未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人保(bao)護(hu)(hu)的基礎性工作,檢(jian)察機(ji)關(guan)必須緊(jin)緊(jin)依靠、助推落實(shi),而不(bu)是有缺補位、不(bu)足替(ti)代。檢(jian)察機(ji)關(guan)在專(zhuan)項(xiang)行動中發現有關(guan)單位未(wei)(wei)盡(jin)到(dao)(dao)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人教育、管理、救助、看護(hu)(hu)等保(bao)護(hu)(hu)職(zhi)責的,應當根據(ju)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人保(bao)護(hu)(hu)法第114條(tiao)的規定,向該單位提出建議,督促其承擔法律義務和法定職(zhi)責。
二是堅(jian)持在(zai)(zai)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)案(an)中(zhong)監(jian)督、在(zai)(zai)監(jian)督中(zhong)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)案(an)。檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機關對(dui)(dui)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)監(jian)督與訴訟辦(ban)(ban)(ban)案(an)一身(shen)二任、職(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)一體兩(liang)面。“兩(liang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)”明確人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)院(yuan)通過(guo)行(xing)(xing)使檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)權(quan),對(dui)(dui)涉未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的訴訟活動(dong)(dong)、未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)重新(xin)犯罪預(yu)防工(gong)作等依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)監(jian)督。法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)監(jian)督的內容(rong)并(bing)不限于訴訟活動(dong)(dong),對(dui)(dui)訴訟活動(dong)(dong)之(zhi)外涉及(ji)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)權(quan)益(yi)的,檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機關也可以(yi)行(xing)(xing)使檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)監(jian)督權(quan)。在(zai)(zai)對(dui)(dui)涉及(ji)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的訴訟活動(dong)(dong)、重新(xin)犯罪預(yu)防工(gong)作依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)監(jian)督的基礎上(shang),未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)在(zai)(zai)專項行(xing)(xing)動(dong)(dong)中(zhong)應(ying)當充分履行(xing)(xing)刑事(shi)、民事(shi)、行(xing)(xing)政、公益(yi)訴訟“四大檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)”職(zhi)(zhi)能(neng),深(shen)入(ru)推(tui)進(jin)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)業務統一集中(zhong)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)理(li),在(zai)(zai)辦(ban)(ban)(ban)案(an)中(zhong)發現未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)執法(fa)(fa)(fa)司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)中(zhong)的違法(fa)(fa)(fa)線索和(he)問(wen)題,通過(guo)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)建議(yi)、糾正違法(fa)(fa)(fa)等方式(shi),依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)開展未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)監(jian)督,不斷深(shen)化(hua)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)全面綜合司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。
三是(shi)堅(jian)持政(zheng)治(zhi)效(xiao)果(guo)、法律效(xiao)果(guo)、社會效(xiao)果(guo)相統一。“未檢工作沒有止境(jing)”,檢察機關在專項(xiang)(xiang)行動(dong)(dong)(dong)中要推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)解決(jue)(jue)未成(cheng)年(nian)人保護(hu)(hu)的普遍性(xing)、系(xi)統性(xing)、源頭(tou)性(xing)問(wen)題(ti),推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)解決(jue)(jue)人民群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)反映強烈(lie)的未成(cheng)年(nian)人保護(hu)(hu)熱點、難點和痛點問(wen)題(ti),建立解決(jue)(jue)問(wen)題(ti)的長效(xiao)機制(zhi),促進未成(cheng)年(nian)人保護(hu)(hu)制(zhi)度建設,推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)相關法律制(zhi)度進一步完善。要將專項(xiang)(xiang)行動(dong)(dong)(dong)與“我為(wei)群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)辦實事(shi)”實踐活動(dong)(dong)(dong)有機結合起來,通過專項(xiang)(xiang)行動(dong)(dong)(dong),努力做到“辦理一案、治(zhi)理一片”,努力為(wei)人民群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)提供更(geng)優質的檢察產(chan)品,厚植黨(dang)的執政(zheng)基(ji)礎。
四是堅持(chi)雙贏(ying)多贏(ying)共(gong)贏(ying)。未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)保護(hu)是一項系統工程,需(xu)要全社會共(gong)同參與。只有凝聚各方(fang)面(mian)力量,才能形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)保護(hu)合(he)力。檢察機關(guan)在(zai)專項行動中要充分運用政(zheng)(zheng)治智(zhi)慧(hui)、法律(lv)智(zhi)慧(hui)、監督智(zhi)慧(hui),積(ji)極參與未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)保護(hu)工作協(xie)(xie)調機制建設,認真履行專門教(jiao)育指導(dao)委員(yuan)會成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)單位職責,加(jia)強與公安、法院,政(zheng)(zheng)府有關(guan)部(bu)門,共(gong)青團、婦(fu)聯、關(guan)工委等組織的協(xie)(xie)作配合(he),形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)良性、互(hu)動、積(ji)極的工作關(guan)系,共(gong)同保障未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)合(he)法權益,推動完善(shan)“家(jia)庭(ting)、學校、社會、網絡、政(zheng)(zheng)府、司法”未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年人(ren)(ren)保護(hu)大格局。
2.去年,最高檢聯合相關部門出臺了侵害未成年人案件強制報告制度和入職查詢制度。我們注意到,此次專項行動又專門提到要落實這兩項制度,有什么考慮?
答(da):2020年5月,最高檢(jian)與國家監(jian)委、公(gong)(gong)安(an)部(bu)(bu)等部(bu)(bu)門出(chu)臺《關(guan)于(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立侵害未(wei)成年人(ren)案(an)件強(qiang)(qiang)制報(bao)(bao)告制度的(de)(de)意見(試(shi)行(xing))》,推動解決侵害未(wei)成年人(ren)犯(fan)(fan)罪發現(xian)難、發現(xian)晚問題。8月,聯(lian)合教(jiao)育部(bu)(bu)、公(gong)(gong)安(an)部(bu)(bu)出(chu)臺《關(guan)于(yu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)立教(jiao)職員工準入(ru)查(cha)詢(xun)性侵違(wei)(wei)(wei)法犯(fan)(fan)罪信息(xi)制度的(de)(de)意見》,加強(qiang)(qiang)性侵未(wei)成年人(ren)犯(fan)(fan)罪源頭預(yu)防,將“大(da)灰狼”堵在(zai)校(xiao)門之外。這(zhe)兩(liang)項制度施行(xing)后,各地檢(jian)察機關(guan)積極推動、監(jian)督(du)制度落(luo)實。聯(lian)合教(jiao)育部(bu)(bu)門加快建(jian)(jian)(jian)設信息(xi)查(cha)詢(xun)平臺,與公(gong)(gong)安(an)部(bu)(bu)門信息(xi)共享、服務對接(jie),開展性侵違(wei)(wei)(wei)法犯(fan)(fan)罪人(ren)員信息(xi)核(he)查(cha)。黑龍江(jiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)三江(jiang)虐童案(an)、山西懷仁虐童案(an)、北京門頭溝傷童案(an)等大(da)量侵害案(an)件因相關(guan)人(ren)員按規定(ding)報(bao)(bao)告得以及時(shi)發現(xian)。檢(jian)察機關(guan)在(zai)辦案(an)中(zhong)發現(xian)的(de)(de)違(wei)(wei)(wei)反(fan)強(qiang)(qiang)制報(bao)(bao)告規定(ding)涉嫌違(wei)(wei)(wei)紀違(wei)(wei)(wei)法的(de)(de)均受到了相應(ying)處(chu)罰。湖南某小學(xue)教(jiao)師強(qiang)(qiang)奸、猥(wei)褻學(xue)生案(an)件,涉事(shi)學(xue)校(xiao)負責(ze)人(ren)員隱(yin)瞞不報(bao)(bao),檢(jian)察機關(guan)對該校(xiao)正副(fu)校(xiao)長(chang)以涉嫌瀆職犯(fan)(fan)罪提起公(gong)(gong)訴,已被(bei)追究刑事(shi)責(ze)任。
檢(jian)察(cha)機關(guan)推動(dong)創建(jian)的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)報(bao)告制(zhi)(zhi)度和入(ru)職(zhi)(zhi)查(cha)(cha)(cha)詢(xun)(xun)制(zhi)(zhi)度被新修(xiu)訂的(de)(de)(de)未(wei)成年人(ren)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)吸收(shou),成為法(fa)律的(de)(de)(de)剛性(xing)規定(ding),必須不折不扣執行(xing)(xing)。專項(xiang)(xiang)行(xing)(xing)動(dong)將(jiang)落實(shi)這兩項(xiang)(xiang)制(zhi)(zhi)度作為檢(jian)察(cha)機關(guan)依(yi)法(fa)開展(zhan)監督的(de)(de)(de)重點(dian)工作,一(yi)是修(xiu)訂后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)未(wei)成年人(ren)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)重大(da)突破之(zhi)一(yi),是在第(di)(di)八(ba)章(zhang)法(fa)律責(ze)(ze)任(ren)部(bu)分(fen)強(qiang)化了相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)(ti)法(fa)律責(ze)(ze)任(ren)。實(shi)踐中,不履行(xing)(xing)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)報(bao)告義務、不按照規定(ding)查(cha)(cha)(cha)詢(xun)(xun)的(de)(de)(de),根據未(wei)成年人(ren)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)第(di)(di)117條、第(di)(di)126條的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding),應當依(yi)法(fa)對相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)部(bu)門予以處罰,對直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)負責(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)管人(ren)員和其他(ta)直(zhi)接(jie)(jie)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)人(ren)員給予處分(fen),構成違(wei)(wei)法(fa)犯(fan)罪的(de)(de)(de),追究(jiu)刑事責(ze)(ze)任(ren)。檢(jian)察(cha)機關(guan)要(yao)(yao)通(tong)過此次(ci)專項(xiang)(xiang)行(xing)(xing)動(dong),依(yi)法(fa)監督相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)單(dan)(dan)位和責(ze)(ze)任(ren)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)追究(jiu)違(wei)(wei)紀違(wei)(wei)法(fa)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)。二是修(xiu)訂后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)未(wei)成年人(ren)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)第(di)(di)62條進一(yi)步(bu)擴大(da)了入(ru)職(zhi)(zhi)查(cha)(cha)(cha)詢(xun)(xun)的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei),一(yi)方面(mian)將(jiang)查(cha)(cha)(cha)詢(xun)(xun)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)擴大(da)至所有的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)切(qie)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)未(wei)成年人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)單(dan)(dan)位,另一(yi)方面(mian)將(jiang)查(cha)(cha)(cha)詢(xun)(xun)信(xin)息(xi)擴大(da)至性(xing)侵害(hai)、虐(nve)(nve)待、拐(guai)賣、暴力傷(shang)害(hai)等違(wei)(wei)法(fa)犯(fan)罪記錄,這對未(wei)成年人(ren)保(bao)護(hu)工作提出了新的(de)(de)(de)更(geng)高要(yao)(yao)求。檢(jian)察(cha)機關(guan)要(yao)(yao)通(tong)過此次(ci)專項(xiang)(xiang)行(xing)(xing)動(dong),聯合相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)職(zhi)(zhi)能部(bu)門逐步(bu)建(jian)立(li)覆(fu)蓋性(xing)侵害(hai)、虐(nve)(nve)待、拐(guai)賣、暴力傷(shang)害(hai)等違(wei)(wei)法(fa)犯(fan)罪的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息(xi)庫,并督促相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)單(dan)(dan)位執行(xing)(xing)從業(ye)禁止(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)。三是密(mi)(mi)切(qie)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)未(wei)成年人(ren)點(dian)多(duo)面(mian)寬,強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)報(bao)告義務主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)、入(ru)職(zhi)(zhi)查(cha)(cha)(cha)詢(xun)(xun)范(fan)(fan)圍(wei)涉(she)及多(duo)部(bu)門多(duo)行(xing)(xing)業(ye),很多(duo)單(dan)(dan)位和相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)責(ze)(ze)任(ren)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)對這兩項(xiang)(xiang)制(zhi)(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)性(xing)和強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)性(xing)認識不足,理解不到位,檢(jian)察(cha)機關(guan)要(yao)(yao)通(tong)過此次(ci)專項(xiang)(xiang)行(xing)(xing)動(dong),讓強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)報(bao)告、入(ru)職(zhi)(zhi)查(cha)(cha)(cha)詢(xun)(xun)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)單(dan)(dan)位和責(ze)(ze)任(ren)主(zhu)體(ti)(ti)知悉(xi)法(fa)律規定(ding),主(zhu)動(dong)、及時履行(xing)(xing)報(bao)告、查(cha)(cha)(cha)詢(xun)(xun)義務,形成社(she)會認同。
3.家暴、虐待兒童等事件時有發生,引起廣泛關注。專項行動提出要推動解決未成年人父母或者其他監護人不依法履行監護職責、監護侵害、監護缺失等問題,檢察機關將有哪些舉措?
答(da):當前,未(wei)成年人(ren)父(fu)母或(huo)者其他監(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)人(ren)監(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)不力甚(shen)至發生監(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)侵害的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang),是未(wei)成年人(ren)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)工作(zuo)面臨(lin)的(de)(de)比(bi)較突(tu)出問(wen)題之一。新(xin)修訂的(de)(de)未(wei)成年人(ren)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)法嚴格了父(fu)母或(huo)者其他監(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)人(ren)的(de)(de)監(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)責(ze)任,明確了國家對(dui)家庭監(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)進行(xing)指導、支持(chi)、幫(bang)助(zhu)和監(jian)督(du)的(de)(de)責(ze)任,完善了委托照護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和臨(lin)時監(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、長期監(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)制度,拓展充(chong)實了檢察機關對(dui)監(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)支持(chi)、監(jian)督(du)、干預的(de)(de)具體(ti)規定,可以說(shuo)構建了比(bi)較完備的(de)(de)未(wei)成年人(ren)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)監(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)制度。
近年(nian)(nian)(nian)來(lai),對于父母或(huo)(huo)者其他(ta)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)性侵(qin)(qin)害(hai)(hai)、遺棄(qi)、虐待、暴(bao)力傷害(hai)(hai)等嚴重損害(hai)(hai)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身心健康的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)侵(qin)(qin)害(hai)(hai)行(xing)為,以及(ji)(ji)怠于履(lv)行(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)職責(ze)(ze),或(huo)(huo)者無法(fa)履(lv)行(xing)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)職責(ze)(ze)并且拒絕將監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)職責(ze)(ze)部(bu)分或(huo)(huo)者全(quan)部(bu)委托,導致未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)處(chu)于危困(kun)狀態(tai)的(de)(de),檢察機(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)多(duo)措并舉積極(ji)(ji)開展監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)侵(qin)(qin)害(hai)(hai)和(he)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)缺失監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)工(gong)作,確保(bao)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)得到妥善(shan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)照料。比(bi)如,聯(lian)(lian)合(he)(he)有關(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)先(xian)后出臺了《關(guan)(guan)(guan)于依法(fa)處(chu)理監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)侵(qin)(qin)害(hai)(hai)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)權益行(xing)為若(ruo)干問(wen)(wen)題(ti)的(de)(de)意見》《關(guan)(guan)(guan)于依法(fa)辦(ban)(ban)理家庭(ting)暴(bao)力犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)案(an)件的(de)(de)意見》,對監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)侵(qin)(qin)害(hai)(hai)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)依法(fa)嚴厲打(da)擊(ji)和(he)處(chu)理。通(tong)過(guo)此次(ci)專項(xiang)行(xing)動(dong),檢察機(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)將聯(lian)(lian)合(he)(he)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)、民政(zheng)(zheng)、婦聯(lian)(lian)等部(bu)門(men)共同做好以下工(gong)作:一(yi)是及(ji)(ji)時督(du)(du)(du)促、支持(chi)起訴(su)(su)撤銷(xiao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)資格(ge)。落(luo)實新修訂的(de)(de)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)法(fa)第106條的(de)(de)規定,督(du)(du)(du)促、支持(chi)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)組織和(he)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)代為提起撤銷(xiao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)資格(ge)訴(su)(su)訟,會同民政(zheng)(zheng)等部(bu)門(men)做好對未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)綜(zong)合(he)(he)救(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)、生活安(an)置等工(gong)作。二(er)是積極(ji)(ji)探索建立監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)工(gong)作機(ji)制。向(xiang)全(quan)國推(tui)廣福建檢察機(ji)關(guan)(guan)(guan)“督(du)(du)(du)促監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)令(ling)(ling)”探索經驗,對涉(she)及(ji)(ji)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)案(an)件辦(ban)(ban)理過(guo)程中,發現監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)存在管(guan)教(jiao)(jiao)不(bu)嚴、監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)缺位(wei)等問(wen)(wen)題(ti)導致未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)違法(fa)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)或(huo)(huo)受到侵(qin)(qin)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de),向(xiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)發出“督(du)(du)(du)促監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)令(ling)(ling)”,責(ze)(ze)令(ling)(ling)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)接(jie)受針(zhen)對性的(de)(de)家庭(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)指導,推(tui)動(dong)解決(jue)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)涉(she)案(an)背后“家庭(ting)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)不(bu)力”這(zhe)個未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)痛點(dian)難點(dian)問(wen)(wen)題(ti)。三(san)是推(tui)動(dong)加強留(liu)守未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)、困(kun)境(jing)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)(guan)愛幫扶(fu)。積極(ji)(ji)履(lv)行(xing)農(nong)村留(liu)守兒(er)童關(guan)(guan)(guan)愛保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)和(he)困(kun)境(jing)兒(er)童保(bao)障工(gong)作部(bu)際聯(lian)(lian)席會議成(cheng)(cheng)員單位(wei)職責(ze)(ze),聯(lian)(lian)合(he)(he)有關(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)建設救(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)長(chang)效機(ji)制,救(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)被侵(qin)(qin)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),確保(bao)得到妥善(shan)照料。四是推(tui)動(dong)保(bao)障未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)受教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)權。督(du)(du)(du)促配合(he)(he)有關(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)解決(jue)應當接(jie)受義務教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)失學輟(chuo)學、勸(quan)返復(fu)學問(wen)(wen)題(ti),對完成(cheng)(cheng)義務教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)尚(shang)未(wei)(wei)(wei)進入社會的(de)(de)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)加強銜接(jie)管(guan)理、教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)培訓、關(guan)(guan)(guan)愛幫扶(fu),打(da)通(tong)關(guan)(guan)(guan)愛幫助(zhu)的(de)(de)“最后一(yi)公里(li)”。
4.校園欺凌和暴力問題不容忽視,也是學校迫切需要解決的難題。專項行動提出要重點推動解決防控學生欺凌等學校保護措施的落實。請問有哪些具體舉措?
答:校園欺(qi)凌(ling)(ling)和暴(bao)力(li)問題廣受社會(hui)關注(zhu)。以(yi)前對(dui)校園欺(qi)凌(ling)(ling)的預防和處置主要是依(yi)據政策文件,如(ru)教(jiao)育部(bu)等(deng)十一(yi)個部(bu)門(men)發布的《加強中小學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)欺(qi)凌(ling)(ling)綜合治理方案》等(deng)。新修訂的未成年人保(bao)護法首次在國(guo)家(jia)立(li)法層面規(gui)定(ding)了學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)欺(qi)凌(ling)(ling)的定(ding)義,并從(cong)加強教(jiao)育培訓、及時報告、對(dui)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)的保(bao)護與管教(jiao)等(deng)方面規(gui)定(ding)了具有(you)指導性和可(ke)操(cao)作(zuo)性的措施(shi),要求(qiu)教(jiao)育行政部(bu)門(men)會(hui)同有(you)關部(bu)門(men)建立(li)學(xue)(xue)生(sheng)欺(qi)凌(ling)(ling)防控制(zhi)度等(deng)。
校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)欺(qi)凌(ling)是(shi)(shi)一個(ge)綜合(he)(he)性(xing)的(de)社會(hui)問(wen)題,是(shi)(shi)多層次因(yin)素疊(die)加(jia)的(de)結(jie)果。從檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)辦理(li)的(de)校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)欺(qi)凌(ling)案件情況看,有(you)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身心發育尚不成(cheng)(cheng)熟的(de)因(yin)素,也有(you)家(jia)庭、學(xue)校(xiao)、社會(hui)等(deng)各方(fang)面的(de)原因(yin)。通過(guo)此次專(zhuan)項行動,檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)將會(hui)同相關(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)(men)共同做好(hao)以(yi)下工(gong)作(zuo):一是(shi)(shi)配(pei)合(he)(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育行政部(bu)門(men)(men),落(luo)實“兩法”要求,推動學(xue)校(xiao)全面建立學(xue)生(sheng)欺(qi)凌(ling)防控(kong)工(gong)作(zuo)制度,對(dui)(dui)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)職員工(gong)、學(xue)生(sheng)等(deng)開(kai)展(zhan)防治學(xue)生(sheng)欺(qi)凌(ling)的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育和(he)培(pei)訓,落(luo)實侵害未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)案件強制報告(gao)制度,促(cu)進安全校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)建設。二(er)是(shi)(shi)聯(lian)合(he)(he)民政、婦聯(lian)、團中央、關(guan)(guan)工(gong)委等(deng)相關(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)(men),加(jia)強家(jia)庭教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育指導,教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育引導未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)系(xi)好(hao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)生(sheng)第一粒扣子,加(jia)大(da)對(dui)(dui)家(jia)庭困(kun)難、身心有(you)障礙學(xue)生(sheng)的(de)關(guan)(guan)愛幫助(zhu)力度,避免成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)欺(qi)凌(ling)的(de)受(shou)害者。三是(shi)(shi)配(pei)合(he)(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育、公安、市場監管等(deng)相關(guan)(guan)部(bu)門(men)(men),開(kai)展(zhan)校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)安全建設和(he)周邊環境(jing)治理(li),為(wei)廣大(da)中小學(xue)生(sheng)營(ying)造良好(hao)環境(jing)。四是(shi)(shi)加(jia)強與網(wang)信、公安等(deng)部(bu)門(men)(men)的(de)協作(zuo)配(pei)合(he)(he),加(jia)強網(wang)絡(luo)治理(li),凈化網(wang)絡(luo)環境(jing),預防和(he)減少對(dui)(dui)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)實施侮(wu)辱(ru)、誹謗、威脅或者惡意損害形象等(deng)網(wang)絡(luo)欺(qi)凌(ling)行為(wei)。五是(shi)(shi)把加(jia)強青少年(nian)(nian)法治教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育擺(bai)在(zai)更加(jia)重要的(de)位置,進一步(bu)提升法治教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育水平,深化“法治進校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)”、檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)官擔任法治副校(xiao)長等(deng)工(gong)作(zuo),推動形成(cheng)(cheng)尊法學(xue)法守法用法的(de)良好(hao)氛圍。
5.專項行動提出要重點推動旅館、賓館、酒店、營業性娛樂場所、酒吧、網吧等場所的整改。為何如此重視這個問題?檢察機關如何推動解決?
答:從檢察(cha)機關辦理的(de)涉未(wei)(wei)成年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)犯罪(zui)(zui)案(an)件情況來看,未(wei)(wei)成年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)涉嫌(xian)犯罪(zui)(zui)或者受(shou)到(dao)犯罪(zui)(zui)侵(qin)害,往往與其所(suo)(suo)處的(de)不(bu)良環(huan)境有關。旅館、賓館、酒店等(deng)住宿場所(suo)(suo)已成為不(bu)法(fa)分子(zi)對未(wei)(wei)成年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)實施(shi)侵(qin)害的(de)高(gao)發(fa)地,大(da)量性侵(qin)害未(wei)(wei)成年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)案(an)件發(fa)生在上(shang)述場所(suo)(suo)中。一(yi)些營業性娛樂場所(suo)(suo)、酒吧、網吧等(deng)場所(suo)(suo)管理不(bu)嚴,也容易讓未(wei)(wei)成年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)沾(zhan)染不(bu)良習氣,對未(wei)(wei)成年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)成長產(chan)生不(bu)利影(ying)響。新(xin)修(xiu)訂的(de)未(wei)(wei)成年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)保護(hu)法(fa)對住宿經營者的(de)安全(quan)保護(hu)義務作(zuo)出規定,進(jin)一(yi)步擴大(da)了禁止設置不(bu)適宜(yi)未(wei)(wei)成年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)活動的(de)場所(suo)(suo)區(qu)域,補充了有關服務的(de)限制性規定,完善了經營者的(de)提示義務。
檢察機(ji)關(guan)在(zai)專項行(xing)動(dong)(dong)(dong)中,要注意配合公(gong)安(an)、市(shi)場(chang)監(jian)督(du)管(guan)理(li)(li)、文(wen)化(hua)和(he)旅游、煙草專賣等(deng)(deng)(deng)相關(guan)部(bu)門(men),推動(dong)(dong)(dong)整(zheng)改(gai)以下問(wen)(wen)題:一是(shi)(shi)(shi)旅館(guan)、賓館(guan)、酒(jiu)店等(deng)(deng)(deng)住宿經營(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)違(wei)(wei)法接待未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)問(wen)(wen)題。要求(qiu)住宿經營(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)履行(xing)詢問(wen)(wen)、報告(gao)和(he)聯系的(de)法定(ding)義務,對(dui)違(wei)(wei)反法律(lv)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)住宿經營(ying)者(zhe)(zhe),要作出(chu)責(ze)令限(xian)期(qi)改(gai)正、責(ze)令停(ting)業整(zheng)頓或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)吊銷營(ying)業執照、吊銷相關(guan)許可證(zheng)等(deng)(deng)(deng)處罰(fa)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)校、幼(you)兒園(yuan)周邊違(wei)(wei)法設置營(ying)業性(xing)娛(yu)樂場(chang)所、酒(jiu)吧、網吧等(deng)(deng)(deng)不(bu)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi)未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)活動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)場(chang)所問(wen)(wen)題。督(du)促加(jia)強對(dui)不(bu)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi)未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)活動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)場(chang)所違(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)接納未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)行(xing)為的(de)監(jian)督(du)管(guan)理(li)(li),對(dui)違(wei)(wei)反法律(lv)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de),作出(chu)責(ze)令限(xian)期(qi)改(gai)正、沒收違(wei)(wei)法所得、責(ze)令停(ting)業整(zheng)頓或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)吊銷營(ying)業執照、吊銷相關(guan)許可證(zheng)、罰(fa)款(kuan)等(deng)(deng)(deng)處罰(fa)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi)未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)活動(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)場(chang)所違(wei)(wei)法接待未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren),煙、酒(jiu)、彩(cai)(cai)票(piao)經營(ying)者(zhe)(zhe)違(wei)(wei)法向(xiang)未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)銷售煙、酒(jiu)、彩(cai)(cai)票(piao)或(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)兌(dui)付彩(cai)(cai)票(piao)獎(jiang)金等(deng)(deng)(deng)問(wen)(wen)題。督(du)促加(jia)強對(dui)不(bu)適(shi)(shi)宜(yi)(yi)未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)活動(dong)(dong)(dong)場(chang)所的(de)監(jian)督(du)管(guan)理(li)(li),嚴懲向(xiang)未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)售煙(含電子煙)、酒(jiu)、彩(cai)(cai)票(piao)行(xing)為,違(wei)(wei)反法律(lv)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de),由(you)職能(neng)部(bu)門(men)作出(chu)相應的(de)行(xing)政處罰(fa)。
6.專項行動提出要加強未成年人公共利益重點領域的治理。這些重點領域是怎么確定的?其中提出推動解決網絡產品和服務提供者侵犯未成年人合法權益問題,具體怎么開展?
答:檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)關(guan)是保(bao)(bao)護(hu)社會(hui)公(gong)(gong)共利(li)益的(de)重要(yao)力量,加強未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)公(gong)(gong)共利(li)益的(de)保(bao)(bao)護(hu),是檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)關(guan)勇于(yu)擔當的(de)責任。新修訂的(de)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)法(fa)(fa)第106條規定(ding)(ding),未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)合法(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)益受(shou)到侵犯(fan),涉及公(gong)(gong)共利(li)益的(de),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)院有權(quan)(quan)提起公(gong)(gong)益訴訟,為(wei)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)關(guan)開展未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)公(gong)(gong)益訴訟提供(gong)了明確法(fa)(fa)律(lv)依據。目(mu)前,未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)公(gong)(gong)益訴訟已由點(dian)到面(mian),全面(mian)開展。辦案(an)中我們發現,未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)公(gong)(gong)益訴訟涵蓋領(ling)域和(he)監督對象(xiang)多樣(yang)化,公(gong)(gong)安、教育、文(wen)化和(he)旅游(you)、廣播(bo)電視(shi)、工信、市場監管(guan)、交通運輸等(deng)(deng)職能部門(men)均有可能涉及。檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)關(guan)牢牢抓(zhua)住“公(gong)(gong)共利(li)益”這(zhe)個(ge)核(he)心,體現未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)特(te)殊、優先保(bao)(bao)護(hu)政策,在專項行動中確定(ding)(ding)了侵犯(fan)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)合法(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)益涉及面(mian)廣、社會(hui)影響大、后(hou)果嚴(yan)重,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)群眾反映(ying)強烈、迫切期盼解決的(de)重點(dian)問題。比如,涉及未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)食品、藥品、玩(wan)具、文(wen)具、兒童(tong)出(chu)版物和(he)游(you)戲游(you)藝(yi)設備、游(you)樂設施等(deng)(deng),與未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身心健(jian)康聯(lian)系(xi)密(mi)切,關(guan)系(xi)到不特(te)定(ding)(ding)多數未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)利(li)益,有必要(yao)重點(dian)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)。
近(jin)年(nian)(nian)來(lai),網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)本生(sheng)活(huo)方(fang)式(shi),給人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)學(xue)習、工(gong)作(zuo)和(he)(he)生(sheng)活(huo)帶(dai)來(lai)便利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同時(shi)(shi),也帶(dai)來(lai)了(le)(le)一(yi)系(xi)列(lie)問題(ti)(ti),比(bi)(bi)如(ru)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)傳播(bo)淫穢、色情、暴力等(deng)有(you)(you)毒有(you)(you)害(hai)信息(xi)(xi),網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)游戲(xi)沉迷、網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)侵害(hai)等(deng)等(deng)。由(you)于未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)心(xin)尚未(wei)(wei)(wei)發育成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)熟,網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)對他們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)更(geng)為長遠、深刻(ke)。比(bi)(bi)如(ru),在懲(cheng)治涉疫情犯(fan)罪中,就(jiu)出(chu)現了(le)(le)一(yi)些(xie)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)利(li)用網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)實施(shi)詐(zha)騙犯(fan)罪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)案件。新修訂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)(bao)護法增(zeng)加了(le)(le)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)保(bao)(bao)護專章,對于保(bao)(bao)障未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)在網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)空間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)法權益具有(you)(you)重要意義。專項行動(dong)提(ti)出(chu)推動(dong)解(jie)(jie)決(jue)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)提(ti)供(gong)者侵犯(fan)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)合(he)法權益問題(ti)(ti),檢察機關要注意配合(he)相關部門(men),推動(dong)開展以下工(gong)作(zuo):一(yi)是加強對未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)保(bao)(bao)護工(gong)作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監督(du)(du)檢查,依法懲(cheng)處(chu)利(li)用網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)從事危害(hai)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)心(xin)健康(kang)(kang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)動(dong)。二是加大(da)對網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)平臺企業的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監管力度(du),促進提(ti)高對青(qing)少年(nian)(nian)用戶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)識別精準度(du),清理青(qing)少年(nian)(nian)專屬內容池,解(jie)(jie)決(jue)“兒童、青(qing)少年(nian)(nian)模式(shi)”流(liu)于形式(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)。三是監督(du)(du)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)提(ti)供(gong)者履行預(yu)防未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)沉迷網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)義務(wu)。解(jie)(jie)決(jue)實名認證、適齡提(ti)醒、產(chan)品(pin)(pin)或(huo)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)本身(shen)不(bu)(bu)能故意含有(you)(you)誘導沉迷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)計、不(bu)(bu)得提(ti)供(gong)不(bu)(bu)適合(he)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)接觸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容、對用戶在線時(shi)(shi)段和(he)(he)時(shi)(shi)長進行限制等(deng)問題(ti)(ti)。四是監督(du)(du)網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)絡(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)提(ti)供(gong)者及時(shi)(shi)受理并處(chu)理涉及未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)投訴、舉(ju)報,發現用戶發布、傳播(bo)含有(you)(you)危害(hai)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)心(xin)健康(kang)(kang)內容的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)信息(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),立(li)即停止傳輸(shu)相關信息(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)采(cai)取處(chu)置措施(shi),保(bao)(bao)存有(you)(you)關記錄(lu)向網(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)信、公安等(deng)部門(men)報告,等(deng)等(deng)。