2022年已經走過(guo)一半,在當前國際環境(jing)更趨(qu)復雜(za)和國內(nei)疫情沖(chong)擊明顯(xian),經濟新的(de)(de)(de)下(xia)行壓力進一步加大的(de)(de)(de)背景下(xia),檢(jian)察機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)(ban)案質量有(you)哪些(xie)變化(hua),辦(ban)(ban)案數(shu)(shu)據(ju)反映出什么樣的(de)(de)(de)經濟社(she)會治安狀況,有(you)什么新的(de)(de)(de)特點?最高人民檢(jian)察院(yuan)于7月20日向社(she)會發(fa)布(bu)2022年1至6月全國檢(jian)察機(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)主要辦(ban)(ban)案數(shu)(shu)據(ju),最高檢(jian)案件管理辦(ban)(ban)公室負責人結合發(fa)布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)辦(ban)(ban)案數(shu)(shu)據(ju),就(jiu)有(you)關(guan)(guan)問題回答了記(ji)者提(ti)問。
記者:今年是檢察機關的“質量建設年”,從半年的業務數據上看,“四大檢察”辦案質量有什么變化?
案管辦負責人:2022年是檢(jian)察工(gong)作“質(zhi)量建設(she)年”,全(quan)國(guo)檢(jian)察機(ji)關以習近平新(xin)時代中國(guo)特色社(she)會主義思(si)想為指導,全(quan)面(mian)(mian)貫徹習近平法治思(si)想,積極依(yi)法能動履職,優化司(si)法資源(yuan)配置、創新(xin)司(si)法辦案方式、提升司(si)法辦案質(zhi)效,推動刑事、民事、行政、公益訴訟檢(jian)察工(gong)作全(quan)面(mian)(mian)協調充分(fen)發展。
(一)堅決貫徹寬嚴(yan)(yan)相濟和(he)(he)(he)少(shao)(shao)(shao)捕(bu)慎(shen)訴(su)慎(shen)押(ya)刑事(shi)司(si)(si)法(fa)政(zheng)(zheng)策,刑事(shi)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)辦案質(zhi)(zhi)量持(chi)續向好。檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機關(guan)全面貫徹寬嚴(yan)(yan)相濟刑事(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)策,充分(fen)(fen)(fen)考慮(lv)具體個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)案的(de)特(te)殊(shu)情況和(he)(he)(he)社(she)會公(gong)眾的(de)心理(li)感(gan)受,依法(fa)當寬則(ze)寬、該嚴(yan)(yan)則(ze)嚴(yan)(yan)。嚴(yan)(yan)厲打擊危(wei)害國家政(zheng)(zheng)治安全、社(she)會穩定(ding)和(he)(he)(he)人(ren)民群眾安全感(gan)的(de)各(ge)類犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui),2022年1至6月,全國檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機關(guan)共批(pi)準(zhun)逮捕(bu)各(ge)類犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)嫌疑人(ren)22.2萬人(ren),提(ti)(ti)起(qi)(qi)公(gong)訴(su)68.1萬人(ren),起(qi)(qi)訴(su)搶劫(jie)、綁架等嚴(yan)(yan)重暴(bao)力犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)2.5萬人(ren),同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)下(xia)降2.9%。統籌落實少(shao)(shao)(shao)捕(bu)慎(shen)訴(su)慎(shen)押(ya)刑事(shi)司(si)(si)法(fa)政(zheng)(zheng)策和(he)(he)(he)認罪(zui)(zui)認罰(fa)從(cong)寬制(zhi)度(du),認罪(zui)(zui)認罰(fa)從(cong)寬制(zhi)度(du)適用率(lv)(lv)89.9%。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時,各(ge)地積極開(kai)展羈押(ya)必要性審查專項(xiang)活動(dong),訴(su)前羈押(ya)率(lv)(lv)32.7%,同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)12.7個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)期,不批(pi)準(zhun)逮捕(bu)13.9萬人(ren),不捕(bu)率(lv)(lv)39.2%,同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)加10.8個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。捕(bu)后不訴(su)和(he)(he)(he)無罪(zui)(zui)判(pan)決率(lv)(lv)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)0.4個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian),不捕(bu)復(fu)議復(fu)核(he)提(ti)(ti)出率(lv)(lv)及改變率(lv)(lv)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)0.6個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、3.4個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian),逮捕(bu)案件質(zhi)(zhi)量持(chi)續向好。不起(qi)(qi)訴(su)20.9萬人(ren),不訴(su)率(lv)(lv)23.5%,同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)加9.1個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian),不訴(su)復(fu)議復(fu)核(he)提(ti)(ti)出率(lv)(lv)及改變率(lv)(lv)分(fen)(fen)(fen)別(bie)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)0.5個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)、4.6個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian),不起(qi)(qi)訴(su)質(zhi)(zhi)量不斷提(ti)(ti)升。對提(ti)(ti)起(qi)(qi)公(gong)訴(su)案件,撤回起(qi)(qi)訴(su)和(he)(he)(he)無罪(zui)(zui)判(pan)決率(lv)(lv)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)比(bi)減(jian)(jian)(jian)少(shao)(shao)(shao)0.1個(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)百(bai)(bai)(bai)分(fen)(fen)(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian),起(qi)(qi)訴(su)案件質(zhi)(zhi)量穩步上升。
(二)積極開展大數據(ju)監(jian)督(du)(du)(du),民(min)(min)事檢察(cha)(cha)(cha)精準(zhun)化(hua)引領工作創新發(fa)展。1至6月,全國檢察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)關共受理民(min)(min)事生效(xiao)裁(cai)判、調解書監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)3.6萬(wan)件(jian),部(bu)分(fen)(fen)地區運用大數據(ju)、“一案(an)(an)(an)多查”等方法(fa),主(zhu)動發(fa)現(xian)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)線索(suo),如重慶市檢察(cha)(cha)(cha)院通過(guo)大數據(ju)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)發(fa)現(xian)干某(mou)某(mou)民(min)(min)間借貸系(xi)列(lie)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)存在異常,發(fa)現(xian)50余(yu)件(jian)民(min)(min)事裁(cai)判案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)線索(suo),同(tong)(tong)時將(jiang)涉嫌虛(xu)假訴訟(song)罪(zui)的犯罪(zui)線索(suo)移(yi)送(song)刑事檢察(cha)(cha)(cha)部(bu)門(men),并監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)公(gong)安機(ji)關立案(an)(an)(an)。同(tong)(tong)期,對(dui)于審(shen)(shen)(shen)結的案(an)(an)(an)件(jian),提(ti)出抗訴2023件(jian),提(ti)出再(zai)審(shen)(shen)(shen)檢察(cha)(cha)(cha)建議(yi)(yi)4179件(jian),民(min)(min)事抗訴改(gai)變率為(wei)90.9%,同(tong)(tong)比增加6.7個(ge)(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點,監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)精準(zhun)性(xing)不斷提(ti)升。對(dui)于辦理的民(min)(min)事審(shen)(shen)(shen)判活動監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian),提(ti)出檢察(cha)(cha)(cha)建議(yi)(yi)2.3萬(wan)件(jian),檢察(cha)(cha)(cha)建議(yi)(yi)采納率同(tong)(tong)比增加13.7個(ge)(ge)百分(fen)(fen)點,監(jian)督(du)(du)(du)質量明顯提(ti)高。
(三)堅決落實以(yi)“我(wo)管”促“都管”的理(li)念(nian),行(xing)政(zheng)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)辦案規模(mo)、成效(xiao)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)擴大。1至6月(yue),全國檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)機關對行(xing)政(zheng)生效(xiao)裁判提(ti)出(chu)抗訴(su)88件(jian),再審檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)建議(yi)(yi)(yi)139件(jian),行(xing)政(zheng)抗訴(su)意見改變率、再審檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)建議(yi)(yi)(yi)采納率分(fen)別(bie)增(zeng)加(jia)8.1個、20.5個百(bai)分(fen)點。同時(shi),對行(xing)政(zheng)審判活動和行(xing)政(zheng)執(zhi)行(xing)活動違法監督案件(jian)受(shou)理(li)數(shu)和提(ti)出(chu)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)建議(yi)(yi)(yi)數(shu)均成倍上升,檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)建議(yi)(yi)(yi)采納率同比分(fen)別(bie)增(zeng)加(jia)17.8個、18.9個百(bai)分(fen)點。持續抓(zhua)實行(xing)政(zheng)爭議(yi)(yi)(yi)實質性化(hua)解工作,推動矛(mao)盾糾紛源(yuan)頭化(hua)解。共化(hua)解行(xing)政(zheng)爭議(yi)(yi)(yi)5345件(jian),向(xiang)行(xing)政(zheng)機關發出(chu)社(she)會治(zhi)理(li)類檢(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)(cha)建議(yi)(yi)(yi)6188件(jian)。
(四)積(ji)極穩妥(tuo)推進公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)保護,聚焦關鍵(jian)領域(yu)(yu)發揮(hui)(hui)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)監(jian)督效能(neng)。1至(zhi)6月(yue),全(quan)(quan)國(guo)檢察機(ji)關共(gong)立案(an)辦理(li)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)案(an)件(jian)(jian)10.7萬(wan)件(jian)(jian),提出訴(su)(su)前檢察建議7.1萬(wan)件(jian)(jian),提起訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)4801件(jian)(jian),訴(su)(su)前整改率、法院裁(cai)判支(zhi)持率均(jun)接近100%。同時深入(ru)開展(zhan)“公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)守護美好生活(huo)”“為民(min)辦實(shi)事(shi) 破(po)解(jie)老(lao)(lao)大難”公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)專項監(jian)督活(huo)動(dong),在今年“3·15”國(guo)際消費者權益(yi)(yi)(yi)日(ri),發布(bu)了一批食(shi)(shi)品藥品公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)典(dian)型案(an)例,發揮(hui)(hui)好典(dian)型案(an)例的示范(fan)引領宣(xuan)傳作用(yong)。共(gong)立案(an)辦理(li)食(shi)(shi)品藥品安(an)全(quan)(quan)領域(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)案(an)件(jian)(jian)1.6萬(wan)件(jian)(jian),把“為民(min)辦實(shi)事(shi) 破(po)解(jie)老(lao)(lao)大難”的承諾和(he)職責(ze)使命落到實(shi)處(chu)。積(ji)極守護群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)身邊(bian)安(an)全(quan)(quan),依法履(lv)行安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)領域(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)檢察職能(neng),推動(dong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)事(shi)故源頭(tou)治理(li),共(gong)辦理(li)安(an)全(quan)(quan)生產(chan)領域(yu)(yu)公(gong)(gong)益(yi)(yi)(yi)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)案(an)件(jian)(jian)4329件(jian)(jian),對群(qun)(qun)眾(zhong)反映突出的危(wei)化品領域(yu)(yu)、建筑施工領域(yu)(yu)、交(jiao)通運輸領域(yu)(yu)、電梯等常見(jian)特種設備(bei)領域(yu)(yu)加大辦案(an)力(li)度,能(neng)動(dong)履(lv)職、因事(shi)制(zhi)宜開展(zhan)專項監(jian)督活(huo)動(dong),促進及時消除隱患。
記者:當前疫情形勢依然嚴峻復雜,社會各界對涉疫犯罪高度關注。涉疫犯罪當前有什么新變化?檢察機關的履職方式有什么特點?
案管辦負責人:2022年上(shang)半(ban)年,新冠疫(yi)(yi)(yi)情在全國多地(di)散發,尤其是上(shang)海、吉(ji)林、北京(jing)等地(di)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)情備(bei)受社(she)會關(guan)注。檢察機關(guan)快(kuai)速應對涉(she)(she)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)犯罪新形勢,在依法(fa)懲(cheng)治涉(she)(she)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)犯罪的同時,積極(ji)參(can)與社(she)會綜合治理,與公安部聯合發布了涉(she)(she)疫(yi)(yi)(yi)典型案(an)例(li),取得良(liang)好社(she)會效(xiao)果。
(一)涉疫(yi)類(lei)案件罪(zui)名(ming)發生較大變化(hua),走私、偷越國(guo)(邊(bian))境(jing)(jing)、妨(fang)害傳染(ran)病防治(zhi)(zhi)類(lei)犯(fan)罪(zui)人(ren)數(shu)較多并且上升較快(kuai)。1至6月(yue),全(quan)國(guo)檢察機關(guan)起(qi)訴涉疫(yi)犯(fan)罪(zui)708件1316人(ren)。起(qi)訴人(ren)數(shu)較多的(de)罪(zui)名(ming)有:走私國(guo)家禁止進出口的(de)貨物、物品罪(zui)和偷越國(guo)(邊(bian))境(jing)(jing)罪(zui)、妨(fang)害傳染(ran)病防治(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)、非法狩獵罪(zui)、詐(zha)騙罪(zui)、運送他人(ren)偷越國(guo)(邊(bian))境(jing)(jing)罪(zui)。可以(yi)看出,疫(yi)情犯(fan)罪(zui)已經(jing)由原(yuan)來以(yi)破壞市場經(jing)濟(ji)秩序和詐(zha)騙犯(fan)罪(zui)為(wei)主(zhu),轉向現在的(de)以(yi)妨(fang)害國(guo)(邊(bian))境(jing)(jing)管理和部分核酸檢測機構違反防疫(yi)規定的(de)妨(fang)害傳染(ran)病防治(zhi)(zhi)罪(zui)為(wei)主(zhu)。從地區看,起(qi)訴人(ren)數(shu)較多的(de)地區有:廣東、廣西(xi)、福建(jian)、云(yun)南、河(he)南、浙(zhe)江等,而邊(bian)境(jing)(jing)省份,罪(zui)名(ming)主(zhu)要以(yi)妨(fang)害國(guo)(邊(bian))境(jing)(jing)管理犯(fan)罪(zui)和走私犯(fan)罪(zui)為(wei)主(zhu)。
(二)檢(jian)察(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)積極應對涉(she)(she)疫(yi)犯罪(zui)新變(bian)化,快(kuai)速查(cha)辦相關(guan)案(an)(an)(an)件。1至(zhi)6月,全國(guo)檢(jian)察(cha)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)對于(yu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)妨(fang)害(hai)疫(yi)情(qing)防(fang)控秩序,嚴(yan)重(zhong)危及(ji)人民群(qun)眾(zhong)生命健(jian)康案(an)(an)(an)件的違(wei)法犯罪(zui)行為,堅決依法快(kuai)速懲(cheng)治。特別是快(kuai)速辦理了一(yi)批有(you)重(zhong)大社會(hui)影響的案(an)(an)(an)件,如江蘇毛某(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)涉(she)(she)嫌(xian)妨(fang)害(hai)傳(chuan)染(ran)病(bing)防(fang)治案(an)(an)(an)(毛老太(tai)案(an)(an)(an)),南(nan)京祿(lu)口機(ji)(ji)場案(an)(an)(an),福建曾某(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)涉(she)(she)嫌(xian)妨(fang)害(hai)傳(chuan)染(ran)病(bing)防(fang)治案(an)(an)(an),四(si)川南(nan)充李某(mou)(mou)、王某(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)涉(she)(she)嫌(xian)妨(fang)害(hai)傳(chuan)染(ran)病(bing)防(fang)治案(an)(an)(an),北京樸石(shi)醫學(xue)檢(jian)驗(yan)實驗(yan)室有(you)限公司及(ji)周某(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)、武某(mou)(mou)某(mou)(mou)等7名犯罪(zui)嫌(xian)疑人涉(she)(she)嫌(xian)妨(fang)害(hai)傳(chuan)染(ran)病(bing)防(fang)治罪(zui)等3起涉(she)(she)核酸檢(jian)測案(an)(an)(an),為疫(yi)情(qing)防(fang)控和經濟社會(hui)發(fa)展大局提供(gong)檢(jian)察(cha)保障。
(三(san))堅持依法抗疫,貫(guan)徹落實寬嚴相濟(ji)刑(xing)事政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)。習近平總(zong)書記專門強調,疫情防(fang)控越是到最(zui)吃勁的(de)時候(hou),越要堅持依法防(fang)控。在涉疫刑(xing)事案件(jian)(jian)(jian)辦(ban)理中,檢察(cha)機關深(shen)入貫(guan)徹寬嚴相濟(ji)刑(xing)事政(zheng)策(ce)(ce),總(zong)體上堅持依法從嚴打擊,有力震懾犯(fan)罪、維護防(fang)控秩序,同時積極適應新(xin)時代人(ren)民(min)群眾對民(min)主、法治、公平、正義(yi)等(deng)更(geng)高要求,堅決落實寬嚴相濟(ji)的(de)刑(xing)事政(zheng)策(ce)(ce),從正反兩方(fang)面進行宣傳引導,體現新(xin)時代中國(guo)特色社會主義(yi)法治的(de)理性和溫度。1至6月(yue),全國(guo)檢察(cha)機關辦(ban)理的(de)涉疫案件(jian)(jian)(jian)中,依法不(bu)批捕168件(jian)(jian)(jian)375人(ren),不(bu)起訴281件(jian)(jian)(jian)472人(ren)。
(四)深入踐(jian)行(xing)“一(yi)個(ge)案(an)(an)(an)例(li)勝過一(yi)打(da)文(wen)件”,突出發(fa)揮典型(xing)(xing)案(an)(an)(an)例(li)的(de)指(zhi)(zhi)導、教育、警(jing)示、引領作用。根據2022年涉疫(yi)犯罪的(de)新(xin)(xin)變化、新(xin)(xin)態勢,最(zui)高檢(jian)(jian)單獨或與公安(an)部聯合發(fa)布3批16個(ge)典型(xing)(xing)案(an)(an)(an)例(li)。新(xin)(xin)冠疫(yi)情發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)以來,最(zui)高檢(jian)(jian)共(gong)發(fa)布了18批95個(ge)典型(xing)(xing)案(an)(an)(an)例(li),最(zui)新(xin)(xin)一(yi)批為今年6月5日,聯合公安(an)部發(fa)布了4起破(po)壞疫(yi)情防(fang)(fang)(fang)控民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)、物(wu)(wu)資保障,擾亂市(shi)(shi)場經(jing)濟(ji)秩序,試圖發(fa)“疫(yi)情財(cai)”的(de)典型(xing)(xing)案(an)(an)(an)例(li),這當中(zhong)有(you)的(de)為牟取私利(li),未經(jing)注冊商標人(ren)許可,生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)、銷售防(fang)(fang)(fang)護服、抗原快(kuai)速檢(jian)(jian)測劑等防(fang)(fang)(fang)控物(wu)(wu)資,不僅侵犯了他(ta)人(ren)注冊商標權,而且(qie)容易給(gei)疫(yi)情防(fang)(fang)(fang)控帶來風險(xian)隱患;有(you)的(de)在(zai)疫(yi)情期(qi)間囤積食品哄抬物(wu)(wu)價(jia)嚴重(zhong)擾亂市(shi)(shi)場秩序;有(you)的(de)在(zai)區域(yu)管控的(de)情況(kuang)下,利(li)用社(she)(she)區團購(gou)(gou)這一(yi)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)(xing)網購(gou)(gou)方式和(he)特殊時(shi)期(qi)人(ren)們迫切購(gou)(gou)買物(wu)(wu)資的(de)心(xin)理(li),假借“社(she)(she)區團購(gou)(gou)”實施詐騙。通(tong)過發(fa)布典型(xing)(xing)案(an)(an)(an)例(li),既指(zhi)(zhi)導各地檢(jian)(jian)察機(ji)關正確(que)辦案(an)(an)(an),積極引導、促進(jin)政法(fa)機(ji)關在(zai)法(fa)律適用、政策把(ba)握上統一(yi)認識(shi)和(he)尺度,又(you)對(dui)潛在(zai)犯罪形成(cheng)震懾(she),同時(shi)推動(dong)人(ren)民(min)群眾進(jin)一(yi)步提高對(dui)涉疫(yi)犯罪的(de)認識(shi)、警(jing)惕、防(fang)(fang)(fang)范,引導全(quan)社(she)(she)會(hui)依法(fa)防(fang)(fang)(fang)疫(yi)、戰疫(yi)。
記者:一直以來,檢察機關高度重視民營經濟平等保護,檢察機關在這方面有什么重點舉措?
案管辦負責人:疫情(qing)多(duo)點散發(fa)(fa),經濟承(cheng)壓,更需以(yi)法治穩企(qi)業穩預期、保就業、保民生。今年(nian)上半年(nian),檢察(cha)機關全面貫(guan)徹習近平法治思想,充分發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)檢察(cha)職能優勢(shi),全面推開企(qi)業合規(gui)改革(ge)試(shi)點,更好推動企(qi)業依(yi)法守規(gui)經營,服務經濟社會高(gao)質(zhi)量發(fa)(fa)展。
(一)全(quan)面推(tui)開企(qi)業(ye)(ye)合(he)規(gui)(gui)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)試點(dian)(dian),打造(zao)更(geng)優營商環境。2020年3月(yue)開始,最(zui)高檢(jian)在(zai)部(bu)分地(di)方(fang)開展企(qi)業(ye)(ye)合(he)規(gui)(gui)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)試點(dian)(dian),2022年4月(yue)2日,涉案(an)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)合(he)規(gui)(gui)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)試點(dian)(dian)在(zai)全(quan)國檢(jian)察機關(guan)(guan)全(quan)面推(tui)開。數(shu)據表(biao)明(ming),2020年之(zhi)前(qian)單位犯(fan)罪案(an)件(jian)(jian)數(shu)量整(zheng)體呈遞增趨勢,2021年單位犯(fan)罪起(qi)訴數(shu)明(ming)顯下降,這一變化表(biao)明(ming),2021年3月(yue)以來檢(jian)察機關(guan)(guan)擴大涉案(an)企(qi)業(ye)(ye)合(he)規(gui)(gui)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革(ge)(ge)試點(dian)(dian),探索合(he)規(gui)(gui)不(bu)起(qi)訴制度(du),成效初顯。截至(zhi)2022年6月(yue),全(quan)國檢(jian)察機關(guan)(guan)已辦理合(he)規(gui)(gui)案(an)件(jian)(jian)2382件(jian)(jian),其(qi)中(zhong)適(shi)用第三方(fang)監督(du)評估機制案(an)件(jian)(jian)1584件(jian)(jian),各地(di)檢(jian)察機關(guan)(guan)在(zai)辦理合(he)規(gui)(gui)案(an)件(jian)(jian)中(zhong),堅持與第三方(fang)機制相互融通,對整(zheng)改(gai)(gai)(gai)合(he)規(gui)(gui)的606家企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、1159人依法作(zuo)出不(bu)起(qi)訴決定,取得了(le)良好成效。
(二(er))采取更加審慎的(de)(de)態度,對(dui)民營企(qi)業(ye)保護力度不(bu)斷加大。2017至2021年,檢察機關辦理的(de)(de)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)犯(fan)(fan)罪案件共涉(she)及(ji)(ji)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)3.9萬(wan)個(ge),其(qi)中,涉(she)及(ji)(ji)非國有公司(si)企(qi)事業(ye)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)3.2萬(wan)個(ge),占比81.8%。對(dui)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)犯(fan)(fan)罪案件涉(she)及(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)及(ji)(ji)其(qi)直(zhi)接負責的(de)(de)主管人員(yuan)和(he)其(qi)他直(zhi)接責任(ren)人員(yuan)共決定不(bu)起訴(su)1.6萬(wan)人、不(bu)起訴(su)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)7527個(ge)。單(dan)位(wei)(wei)犯(fan)(fan)罪不(bu)起訴(su)的(de)(de)適用,為(wei)推進企(qi)業(ye)合規(gui)建設、落(luo)實民營企(qi)業(ye)平等保護提供了前(qian)提和(he)路徑(jing)。
(三)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)民(min)(min)事(shi)、行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益訴訟(song)(song)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)的作用(yong),對民(min)(min)營(ying)企業的保(bao)護(hu)舉措更加(jia)多(duo)元(yuan)。強化(hua)民(min)(min)事(shi)、行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)監督(du),對影響(xiang)非公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的民(min)(min)事(shi)、行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)生效裁(cai)判提(ti)出抗(kang)訴和(he)再審檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)建(jian)議726件(jian);對影響(xiang)非公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)經濟(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的民(min)(min)事(shi)、行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)審判、執行(xing)(xing)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)提(ti)出檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)建(jian)議1426件(jian)。行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)發(fa)(fa)(fa)揮(hui)“一手托兩家”的獨(du)特監督(du)優(you)勢,發(fa)(fa)(fa)布了行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)“與民(min)(min)同行(xing)(xing)”系列典型案例,助推市場監管優(you)化(hua)營(ying)商環境。加(jia)大知識(shi)產權(quan)保(bao)護(hu)力度,共(gong)起訴知識(shi)產權(quan)犯罪5830人;受(shou)理知識(shi)產權(quan)類民(min)(min)事(shi)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)監督(du)案件(jian)165件(jian)。依(yi)托公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益訴訟(song)(song)檢(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)職(zhi)能,支持配合(he)人社部門開展超時(shi)加(jia)班集中排查整(zheng)治,穩妥(tuo)探(tan)索開展勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者工時(shi)和(he)休(xiu)息(xi)休(xiu)假權(quan)益保(bao)障(zhang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)益訴訟(song)(song),推動(dong)(dong)形成勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者權(quan)益保(bao)障(zhang)監督(du)合(he)力,不斷(duan)增(zeng)強市場活(huo)力。
記者:今年4月,全國開展為期半年的打擊整治養老詐騙專項行動,請介紹一下這類犯罪案件有什么特點。
案管辦負責人:開展打(da)擊整治養老(lao)詐騙專(zhuan)(zhuan)項行(xing)動,是貫徹落(luo)實(shi)中(zhong)央關于新時代老(lao)齡工(gong)作(zuo)部署要求的(de)具體行(xing)動,是維護(hu)老(lao)年(nian)人合法(fa)權益(yi)的(de)重要舉措,事關千(qian)家萬戶。檢察(cha)機關積(ji)極部署專(zhuan)(zhuan)項行(xing)動,加大打(da)擊力度,用檢察(cha)履職守護(hu)養老(lao)“錢袋子”。案件(jian)呈現以下幾個特點。
第一個突出特點(dian),犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)場景網絡(luo)化(hua)。大(da)數據(ju)(ju)時代,各類犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)逐步與(yu)互聯網高度融合,由線下向(xiang)線上(shang)(shang)發展,養(yang)老(lao)詐(zha)騙(pian)(pian)類犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)也不(bu)例外,犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)嫌疑人(ren)(ren)(ren)往(wang)往(wang)通過電話、微信、網絡(luo)、移(yi)動(dong)支付等方式詐(zha)騙(pian)(pian)老(lao)年人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)財產(chan)。1至(zhi)6月,全國檢察機(ji)關共起(qi)訴涉(she)養(yang)老(lao)詐(zha)騙(pian)(pian)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)767件1863人(ren)(ren)(ren),其(qi)中以養(yang)老(lao)產(chan)業為名實施犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)827人(ren)(ren)(ren),其(qi)他涉(she)養(yang)老(lao)詐(zha)騙(pian)(pian)1036人(ren)(ren)(ren)。浙江檢察機(ji)關借力數字(zi)化(hua)改革,開發線上(shang)(shang)數字(zi)化(hua)辦案應用模塊,通過梳理(li)(li)養(yang)老(lao)領(ling)域存(cun)在的(de)(de)管理(li)(li)漏(lou)洞和風險隱患(huan),總結提(ti)煉養(yang)老(lao)詐(zha)騙(pian)(pian)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)數據(ju)(ju)要素(su),提(ti)升(sheng)大(da)數據(ju)(ju)在養(yang)老(lao)詐(zha)騙(pian)(pian)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)個案監(jian)督線索挖(wa)掘、篩查和深(shen)化(hua)類案監(jian)督方面的(de)(de)積極作用。
第二個突出特(te)點,犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)手(shou)段(duan)多(duo)樣化。近年(nian)來,養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)詐騙(pian)(pian)(pian)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)手(shou)段(duan)層出不(bu)窮、花樣不(bu)斷(duan)翻(fan)新(xin)。犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)手(shou)段(duan)呈現三個特(te)征,一是(shi)詐騙(pian)(pian)(pian)名(ming)目(mu)(mu)上(shang)的(de)(de)迷惑性,通常以(yi)投資“養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)”、代(dai)辦“養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)保險”、開展(zhan)“養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)幫(bang)扶(fu)”等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)為(wei)名(ming),騙(pian)(pian)(pian)取(qu)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)財(cai)物,以(yi)提供(gong)“養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)服務”名(ming)義掩蓋非法(fa)(fa)吸收公眾存款(kuan)的(de)(de)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de),還以(yi)向老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)介(jie)紹當(dang)前養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)現狀、國家(jia)的(de)(de)扶(fu)持政策(ce)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng),不(bu)斷(duan)對(dui)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)進行誘導;二是(shi)物質上(shang)的(de)(de)誘惑性,在詐騙(pian)(pian)(pian)過程中(zhong),犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)分子(zi)(zi)往往用送雞(ji)蛋、杯子(zi)(zi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)“小(xiao)恩(en)小(xiao)惠”讓很(hen)多(duo)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)放下戒心,先嘗甜頭后入陷阱,落入了騙(pian)(pian)(pian)子(zi)(zi)們(men)“放長線(xian)釣(diao)大魚”的(de)(de)圈套,以(yi)支付(fu)高利(li)息(xi)、辦卡(ka)享受(shou)補貼額度、入住養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)公寓享受(shou)優惠等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方式(shi),吸引老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)投資,達到非法(fa)(fa)集資等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de);三是(shi)詐騙(pian)(pian)(pian)對(dui)象的(de)(de)精(jing)準化,侵犯(fan)(fan)(fan)公民個人(ren)(ren)信息(xi)等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)黑色產業助推養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)詐騙(pian)(pian)(pian)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)(de)問題日漸(jian)凸(tu)顯,犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)嫌疑(yi)人(ren)(ren)往往根據搜(sou)集到的(de)(de)個人(ren)(ren)信息(xi),通過不(bu)定期打(da)電話、上(shang)門(men)拜訪等(deng)(deng)(deng)(deng)方式(shi)精(jing)準選擇老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)人(ren)(ren),利(li)用信息(xi)優勢(shi)進行誤(wu)導。1至6月,起訴的(de)(de)養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)詐騙(pian)(pian)(pian)犯(fan)(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)中(zhong),提供(gong)“養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)服務”為(wei)名(ming)的(de)(de)有475人(ren)(ren),投資“養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)”的(de)(de)336人(ren)(ren),銷售(shou)“養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)產品”的(de)(de)210人(ren)(ren),宣(xuan)稱“以(yi)房養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)”和代(dai)辦“養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)保險”、開展(zhan)“養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)幫(bang)扶(fu)”的(de)(de)140人(ren)(ren)。
第三個突出(chu)特點,受(shou)(shou)害(hai)(hai)對象涉(she)眾化。從全國檢察(cha)機關起訴罪(zui)名來看,養老(lao)(lao)詐(zha)騙(pian)類型(xing)主要(yao)集(ji)中在詐(zha)騙(pian)罪(zui)、非法吸(xi)收公眾存(cun)(cun)款罪(zui)、集(ji)資(zi)詐(zha)騙(pian)罪(zui)三類犯(fan)罪(zui),三類犯(fan)罪(zui)占全部養老(lao)(lao)詐(zha)騙(pian)罪(zui)名的(de)94.4%。而此類犯(fan)罪(zui)往(wang)往(wang)受(shou)(shou)害(hai)(hai)群體眾多(duo),具有(you)涉(she)眾型(xing)經濟犯(fan)罪(zui)的(de)明顯特征(zheng)。養老(lao)(lao)領域涉(she)眾型(xing)經濟犯(fan)罪(zui)案件往(wang)往(wang)針(zhen)對的(de)是(shi)不(bu)特定的(de)老(lao)(lao)年(nian)群體。隨老(lao)(lao)年(nian)人生活(huo)水平不(bu)斷改善,加上老(lao)(lao)年(nian)人收入穩(wen)定,支(zhi)出(chu)項目(mu)相對較(jiao)少,可支(zhi)配收入相對較(jiao)多(duo),跟風投資(zi)的(de)情況普遍存(cun)(cun)在。
為(wei)此,最高檢(jian)(jian)積(ji)極部署投(tou)入專(zhuan)項行(xing)動,2022年5月23日,最高檢(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)電(dian)視(shi)電(dian)話會議(yi)(yi)形式召開全(quan)國檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機關打(da)擊整治養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)詐(zha)騙專(zhuan)項行(xing)動工作推進會,會議(yi)(yi)開至四級檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)院,將社會上出現的以(yi)(yi)各(ge)(ge)類養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)產(chan)業(ye)為(wei)名實施(shi)的犯(fan)罪,主要包括(kuo)提供“養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)服(fu)務”、投(tou)資“養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)項目”、銷售“養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)產(chan)品”、宣稱“以(yi)(yi)房養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)”、代辦“養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)保險”、開展(zhan)“養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)幫扶”等等作為(wei)打(da)擊重點。最高檢(jian)(jian)在(zai)組(zu)織各(ge)(ge)級檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機關摸排在(zai)辦案(an)件的基礎上,加大(da)專(zhuan)項督(du)導力度,對(dui)10起重大(da)養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)詐(zha)騙案(an)件掛(gua)牌督(du)辦,組(zu)織地方檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機關及時(shi)起訴一批在(zai)辦養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)詐(zha)騙案(an)件。
同時,各地(di)檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)關結(jie)合辦(ban)案(an),主(zhu)動協(xie)同行政主(zhu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)機(ji)關開展(zhan)整治(zhi)規(gui)范工作(zuo)(zuo),體現(xian)以“我管(guan)(guan)(guan)”促“都管(guan)(guan)(guan)”的(de)(de)(de)責任擔當。如貴州省(sheng)檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)院結(jie)合本地(di)實際,出臺(tai)實施(shi)方案(an)在全(quan)省(sheng)部署開展(zhan)為(wei)期一年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)“檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)藍牽手夕陽紅”公益訴訟專項(xiang)工作(zuo)(zuo),作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)貫(guan)徹落實全(quan)國打(da)擊整治(zhi)養老(lao)詐騙(pian)專項(xiang)行動的(de)(de)(de)一項(xiang)重(zhong)要措(cuo)施(shi);浙江(jiang)檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)關針(zhen)對案(an)件中反(fan)映的(de)(de)(de)針(zhen)對老(lao)年(nian)人群體的(de)(de)(de)電信網(wang)絡詐騙(pian)高發、頻發情況,系統梳理(li)(li)(li)了三(san)年(nian)來電信網(wang)絡詐騙(pian)犯罪的(de)(de)(de)基本情況、主(zhu)要特(te)征、問題成(cheng)因,提出源頭治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)意見建(jian)議(yi)(yi),制發《檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)白皮書》,聯合公安機(ji)關、電信網(wang)絡公司等共同筑(zhu)牢反(fan)詐防線(xian);江(jiang)蘇檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)關針(zhen)對案(an)件辦(ban)理(li)(li)(li)中發現(xian)的(de)(de)(de)文化(hua)市(shi)場(chang)中的(de)(de)(de)問題,向當地(di)市(shi)場(chang)監督(du)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li)部門制發了《檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)建(jian)議(yi)(yi)書》,建(jian)議(yi)(yi)加強市(shi)場(chang)監管(guan)(guan)(guan),對文化(hua)市(shi)場(chang)及相(xiang)關市(shi)場(chang)存在的(de)(de)(de)欺騙(pian)性營銷(xiao)進行專項(xiang)整治(zhi),取得良好的(de)(de)(de)社會效果。
記者:近段時間以來,一些地方尋釁滋事等社會治安案件引發社會關注,檢察機關在維護社會治安、掃黑除惡常態化方面還有什么新舉措?
案管辦負責人:為(wei)期(qi)三年(nian)的(de)掃(sao)黑除(chu)(chu)惡專(zhuan)項斗(dou)(dou)爭取得(de)了(le)壓倒性勝(sheng)利,但常態(tai)化掃(sao)黑除(chu)(chu)惡永遠在路上。當前(qian)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)地方涉黑惡犯罪(zui)還(huan)時有(you)(you)(you)發生(sheng)(sheng);有(you)(you)(you)的(de)地方黑惡勢力隱藏蟄伏,逃避(bi)打(da)擊;有(you)(you)(you)的(de)行業領域整(zheng)治還(huan)未到位,黑惡勢力滋(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)土壤(rang)還(huan)未完全(quan)鏟(chan)除(chu)(chu)。《中華人(ren)民共和國反有(you)(you)(you)組織犯罪(zui)法》今年(nian)5月(yue)1日(ri)開(kai)始(shi)實(shi)施(shi),檢察機(ji)關秉(bing)持(chi)“是(shi)黑惡犯罪(zui)一個(ge)不放過、不是(shi)黑惡犯罪(zui)一個(ge)不湊數”原(yuan)則,持(chi)續常態(tai)化推進掃(sao)黑除(chu)(chu)惡斗(dou)(dou)爭,努力營造安(an)全(quan)穩(wen)定的(de)社會環境。
(一(yi))加(jia)大督(du)(du)導(dao)(dao)、指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)工作力度(du),依法嚴懲(cheng)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)惡(e)犯罪(zui)(zui)。1至(zhi)6月(yue),全國檢察機關共起訴涉(she)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)惡(e)犯罪(zui)(zui)1113件(jian)(jian)5738人(ren)(ren),起訴黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)惡(e)勢力“保護傘”130人(ren)(ren),對涉(she)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)惡(e)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)提前介入721件(jian)(jian),占(zhan)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)受理數的(de)42.5%,同(tong)比增加(jia)8.9個百分點。最高(gao)(gao)檢加(jia)強對重大疑難復(fu)雜(za)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)惡(e)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)辦(ban)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao),將黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)龍江省劉文(wen)革等人(ren)(ren)涉(she)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)案(an)(an)(an)等15件(jian)(jian)具有重大影響(xiang)的(de)涉(she)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)涉(she)惡(e)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)列(lie)為督(du)(du)辦(ban)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian),推(tui)動(dong)辦(ban)好“釘子案(an)(an)(an)”“骨頭案(an)(an)(an)”。同(tong)時跟蹤指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)一(yi)批社會關注度(du)高(gao)(gao)的(de)涉(she)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)(hei)惡(e)犯罪(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)(an)件(jian)(jian),及時回應社會關切,維護社會大局穩定。
(二)聚(ju)焦重(zhong)點行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)、重(zhong)點領域(yu),集中(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)涉(she)(she)(she)黑(hei)(hei)惡犯(fan)罪,推進行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)治(zhi)理(li)。去年以來,全(quan)國檢(jian)察機(ji)關(guan)(guan)加強與(yu)監察機(ji)關(guan)(guan)、公(gong)安機(ji)關(guan)(guan)、審判機(ji)關(guan)(guan)配合(he)制約,結合(he)新(xin)舊四大(da)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi),追(zhui)捕“漏網(wang)之(zhi)魚”、整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)“沙(sha)霸(ba)”“礦霸(ba)”等自然(ran)資源領域(yu)黑(hei)(hei)惡犯(fan)罪、涉(she)(she)(she)網(wang)絡黑(hei)(hei)惡犯(fan)罪等,集中(zhong)(zhong)查處一批(pi)社會影響惡劣(lie)的涉(she)(she)(she)黑(hei)(hei)涉(she)(she)(she)惡大(da)要案。2021年至2022年6月,全(quan)國檢(jian)察機(ji)關(guan)(guan)共批(pi)捕涉(she)(she)(she)四大(da)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)領域(yu)黑(hei)(hei)惡勢力犯(fan)罪案件971件2153人。辦理(li)涉(she)(she)(she)黑(hei)(hei)涉(she)(she)(she)惡案件過程中(zhong)(zhong)發出行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)治(zhi)理(li)檢(jian)察建議1076件,整(zheng)(zheng)改954件,整(zheng)(zheng)改率(lv)88.7%。
(三)聚焦(jiao)尋(xun)釁(xin)滋事、聚眾(zhong)斗毆等危害社(she)會治(zhi)安(an)犯(fan)罪(zui),維護社(she)會穩定民眾(zhong)安(an)寧。重拳打(da)(da)擊(ji)各類(lei)突(tu)出違法犯(fan)罪(zui)活動,有效凈化社(she)會治(zhi)安(an)環境,1至6月,全國檢察機關共起訴(su)尋(xun)釁(xin)滋事罪(zui)17208人(ren),聚眾(zhong)斗毆罪(zui)6887人(ren)。同(tong)期,積(ji)極配合公安(an)部開展的打(da)(da)擊(ji)拐(guai)賣(mai)婦女兒(er)(er)童專項行動,堅決維護婦女、兒(er)(er)童合法權(quan)益,起訴(su)拐(guai)賣(mai)婦女、兒(er)(er)童罪(zui)403人(ren)。
(四)積(ji)(ji)極跟(gen)進做好(hao)刑(xing)滿(man)釋(shi)(shi)(shi)放人(ren)員(yuan)工(gong)作,讓(rang)其更好(hao)融(rong)入(ru)社會(hui)防止再(zai)(zai)犯罪(zui)。考(kao)慮到在(zai)2020年(nian)底(di)結(jie)束的(de)三年(nian)掃黑除惡專項斗(dou)爭中因系從(cong)(cong)犯、脅從(cong)(cong)犯等被判處輕刑(xing)的(de)服(fu)刑(xing)人(ren)員(yuan)將陸續刑(xing)滿(man)釋(shi)(shi)(shi)放,從(cong)(cong)2022年(nian)起,檢(jian)察機(ji)關(guan)積(ji)(ji)極部(bu)署涉黑惡人(ren)員(yuan)刑(xing)滿(man)釋(shi)(shi)(shi)放的(de)安置幫(bang)(bang)扶工(gong)作,一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)監督(du)做好(hao)刑(xing)釋(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)員(yuan)安置幫(bang)(bang)教工(gong)作,做實社區矯正執行監督(du),協調有(you)關(guan)部(bu)門創造就業(ye)機(ji)會(hui),持續開(kai)展(zhan)社會(hui)救助和跟(gen)蹤教育幫(bang)(bang)扶,幫(bang)(bang)助刑(xing)滿(man)釋(shi)(shi)(shi)放人(ren)員(yuan)及時回歸(gui)社會(hui);另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)防范(fan)刑(xing)滿(man)釋(shi)(shi)(shi)放人(ren)員(yuan)再(zai)(zai)犯罪(zui),最(zui)高檢(jian)指導各地探索(suo)建立本地區黑惡犯罪(zui)刑(xing)釋(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)員(yuan)檔案(an)資料庫,在(zai)日常線(xian)索(suo)梳理和案(an)件辦(ban)理中,注意(yi)對(dui)照核實審查(cha),有(you)效防范(fan)、制止相關(guan)人(ren)員(yuan)和組織“死(si)灰(hui)復燃(ran)”“東山再(zai)(zai)起”。
記者:新修訂的未成年人保護“兩法”已實施一周年,檢察機關在未成年人保護方面有什么新舉措?
案管辦負責人:作(zuo)為國(guo)家(jia)法律監督(du)機關(guan),檢察履職貫(guan)穿(chuan)未成年(nian)(nian)人(ren)司法保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)全過程,在(zai)未成年(nian)(nian)人(ren)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)大(da)格局(ju)中肩(jian)負重要使命。新(xin)修訂的未成年(nian)(nian)人(ren)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)“兩法”實施(shi)以來,檢察機關(guan)充分發揮刑事、民(min)事、行(xing)政、公益(yi)訴訟“四(si)大(da)檢察”職能作(zuo)用,主動融入其他“五(wu)大(da)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)”,推(tui)動未成年(nian)(nian)人(ren)檢察工作(zuo)取得(de)新(xin)進展。
(一)堅持(chi)“教(jiao)育為主、懲罰(fa)(fa)為輔”,更加注重對未成年人(ren)的特殊(shu)保護。1至6月,全國檢察(cha)機關對未成年犯罪嫌疑人(ren)不(bu)(bu)批(pi)捕12223人(ren),附條件不(bu)(bu)起(qi)訴11632人(ren),不(bu)(bu)起(qi)訴16458人(ren)。對不(bu)(bu)批(pi)捕、不(bu)(bu)起(qi)訴、被判處(chu)刑罰(fa)(fa)、未達刑事責(ze)任年齡不(bu)(bu)受刑事處(chu)罰(fa)(fa)人(ren)員等開展(zhan)特殊(shu)預防3156次,這(zhe)些(xie)數據的同比都有(you)較大上升,說明對未成年犯罪嫌疑人(ren)的“教(jiao)育為主、懲罰(fa)(fa)為輔”原則,在具體辦案中得到(dao)充分踐行。
(二)積(ji)(ji)極履(lv)(lv)職(zhi)融入其(qi)他(ta)“五大(da)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)”,努力實(shi)(shi)現“1+5>6”。新修訂的未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)法(fa)(fa)確立(li)了家(jia)庭、學(xue)校(xiao)、社(she)會(hui)、網(wang)(wang)絡、政府(fu)、司法(fa)(fa)“六位一(yi)體”未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)大(da)格(ge)局。在(zai)家(jia)庭保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),深入貫徹習近平總書記(ji)關(guan)于注重家(jia)庭家(jia)教(jiao)(jiao)家(jia)風(feng)建設的重要論述,落實(shi)(shi)家(jia)庭教(jiao)(jiao)育促進法(fa)(fa),會(hui)同(tong)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)婦聯(lian)、中(zhong)國(guo)關(guan)工(gong)委(wei)出(chu)臺全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)開(kai)展家(jia)庭教(jiao)(jiao)育指導工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的意(yi)見,在(zai)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)檢察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)關(guan)推廣“督促監(jian)護(hu)(hu)令”。2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)上半年(nian)(nian)(nian),受(shou)理(li)撤銷監(jian)護(hu)(hu)權案件(jian)203件(jian),支持個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)起(qi)(qi)訴(su)70件(jian),支持單位起(qi)(qi)訴(su)57件(jian),撤銷監(jian)護(hu)(hu)權104件(jian),有效監(jian)督“甩手家(jia)長”履(lv)(lv)職(zhi)管(guan)(guan)教(jiao)(jiao)、依法(fa)(fa)帶娃。在(zai)學(xue)校(xiao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),參與(yu)中(zhong)央教(jiao)(jiao)育工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)領導小(xiao)組開(kai)展校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)專項(xiang)整頓工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),以監(jian)督落實(shi)(shi)“一(yi)號檢察(cha)(cha)(cha)建議”為牽引,協助(zhu)(zhu)教(jiao)(jiao)育部(bu)推進學(xue)校(xiao)建立(li)完善預防(fang)性侵(qin)害、性騷擾、防(fang)控學(xue)生欺凌(ling)(ling)等工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)制。圍繞校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)預防(fang)性侵(qin)制度(du)機(ji)制建設、宿舍管(guan)(guan)理(li)、校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)周(zhou)(zhou)邊環境(jing)等,通(tong)過開(kai)展專項(xiang)排查(cha)、督導檢察(cha)(cha)(cha)、情況通(tong)報(bao)的方式,持續助(zhu)(zhu)推校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)建設。多(duo)地檢察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)關(guan)針對校(xiao)內外(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員勾結欺凌(ling)(ling)在(zai)校(xiao)學(xue)生較為突出(chu)的問(wen)題(ti),督促公安、工(gong)商、交通(tong)及文化(hua)執法(fa)(fa)等有關(guan)部(bu)門(men),集中(zhong)清(qing)理(li)校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)周(zhou)(zhou)邊存在(zai)閑散人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員聚集的網(wang)(wang)吧、游戲廳等場所,維(wei)護(hu)(hu)校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)周(zhou)(zhou)邊治安秩序。上半年(nian)(nian)(nian)共起(qi)(qi)訴(su)涉及校(xiao)園(yuan)(yuan)暴(bao)力犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)案件(jian)165件(jian)343人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。在(zai)社(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),組織(zhi)開(kai)展“檢愛同(tong)行 共護(hu)(hu)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)來”未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)法(fa)(fa)律監(jian)督專項(xiang)行動(dong),積(ji)(ji)極推動(dong)解決旅館(guan)、賓(bin)館(guan)、酒店性侵(qin)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)案件(jian)高發等問(wen)題(ti)。最高檢建立(li)強(qiang)制報(bao)告(gao)“每(mei)案必查(cha)”機(ji)制,對未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)履(lv)(lv)行強(qiang)制報(bao)告(gao)義(yi)務的推動(dong)相關(guan)部(bu)門(men)追責(ze),并制發強(qiang)制報(bao)告(gao)追責(ze)典型案例(li)。幫(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)回(hui)歸社(she)會(hui)1340人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),同(tong)比上升51.8%。在(zai)網(wang)(wang)絡保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),2022年(nian)(nian)(nian)上半年(nian)(nian)(nian)起(qi)(qi)訴(su)利用電信(xin)(xin)網(wang)(wang)絡侵(qin)害未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)642人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),積(ji)(ji)極辦理(li)網(wang)(wang)絡保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)信(xin)(xin)息權益(yi)(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)公益(yi)(yi)訴(su)訟案件(jian)。印(yin)發未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)信(xin)(xin)息保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)檢察(cha)(cha)(cha)監(jian)督典型案事例(li),充分發揮未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)檢察(cha)(cha)(cha)業務統一(yi)集中(zhong)辦理(li)優(you)勢(shi),積(ji)(ji)極主動(dong)履(lv)(lv)職(zhi),采取有力措施,促進健全(quan)(quan)(quan)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)信(xin)(xin)息保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)機(ji)制建設,維(wei)護(hu)(hu)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)隱私(si)權和(he)(he)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)信(xin)(xin)息等各(ge)項(xiang)合法(fa)(fa)權益(yi)(yi),護(hu)(hu)航(hang)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)健康成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長。在(zai)政府(fu)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),主動(dong)加強(qiang)與(yu)行政部(bu)門(men)和(he)(he)全(quan)(quan)(quan)國(guo)婦聯(lian)、團(tuan)中(zhong)央、中(zhong)國(guo)關(guan)工(gong)委(wei)等群團(tuan)組織(zhi)的溝通(tong)協調,加強(qiang)線索發現、關(guan)愛救助(zhu)(zhu)、社(she)會(hui)支持等方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)協作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),共同(tong)打(da)通(tong)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)“最后一(yi)公里”。1至6月,共發放救助(zhu)(zhu)金額1300余萬元(yuan),幫(bang)助(zhu)(zhu)重返學(xue)校(xiao)1104人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),提供臨時(shi)照(zhao)料790人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。
(三)加大(da)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)宣傳(chuan),出(chu)版發(fa)行《未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律全書》。為促(cu)進未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)觀念(nian)塑造(zao)和(he)自護(hu)意(yi)識養成(cheng)(cheng),系(xi)好人(ren)(ren)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)第(di)一(yi)(yi)粒“法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)扣子”,最高檢組(zu)織編寫了《未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律全書》(下稱《全書》)已于5月出(chu)版發(fa)行。近年(nian)(nian)來,檢察(cha)機(ji)關始終把(ba)開(kai)展未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)教(jiao)育作為“主責主業(ye)”之一(yi)(yi),全國3.9萬余名檢察(cha)官在7.7萬余所學校(xiao)擔任法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)副校(xiao)長。《全書》既是檢察(cha)機(ji)關依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)能(neng)動履職、落實(shi)(shi)“法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)教(jiao)育從娃(wa)娃(wa)抓起”的(de)(de)真實(shi)(shi)寫照,又是以未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)檢察(cha)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)保(bao)護(hu)為引線、融(rong)通(tong)“六大(da)保(bao)護(hu)”的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)動實(shi)(shi)踐。