cciia.org.cn 2025-7-23 15:05:38 最高人民法院新聞局
最(zui)高(gao)(gao)人民(min)(min)(min)法院為正(zheng)確審(shen)理(li)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)異議(yi)之訴案(an)件(jian)(jian)，依法保護(hu)當(dang)事人合法權益，根據《中華(hua)人民(min)(min)(min)共(gong)和國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)法典》（以(yi)下簡(jian)(jian)稱《民(min)(min)(min)法典》）《中華(hua)人民(min)(min)(min)共(gong)和國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)事訴訟法》等法律(lv)規定，結合審(shen)判(pan)實踐(jian)，制(zhi)定了《最(zui)高(gao)(gao)人民(min)(min)(min)法院關于審(shen)理(li)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)異議(yi)之訴案(an)件(jian)(jian)適用法律(lv)問題(ti)的(de)解釋(shi)》（法釋(shi)〔2025〕10號，以(yi)下簡(jian)(jian)稱《解釋(shi)》），于2025年(nian)7月23日(ri)正(zheng)式發布(bu)，并自2025年(nian)7月24日(ri)起施(shi)行(xing)。為準(zhun)確理(li)解《解釋(shi)》的(de)內(nei)容，記者采(cai)訪了最(zui)高(gao)(gao)人民(min)(min)(min)法院民(min)(min)(min)一庭、執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)局負責人。 問題1：執行異議之訴是執行中的爭議引發的訴訟，結合本次《解釋》出臺，請談一談人民法院圍繞“嚴格依法規范執行、審執協同前端化解”方面做了哪些工作？ 答：近年(nian)來，為(wei)維(wei)護群眾利益(yi)，解(jie)(jie)決執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)難，最(zui)高(gao)人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)院(yuan)堅持問題導向，針對實(shi)踐(jian)中的(de)難點(dian)(dian)、痛點(dian)(dian)和堵點(dian)(dian)，提(ti)出工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)舉(ju)措(cuo)，嚴格(ge)依法(fa)規范(fan)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)，做深做實(shi)前(qian)端糾紛(fen)化解(jie)(jie)。2024年(nian)8月29日最(zui)高(gao)人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)院(yuan)印發(fa)《關于加強立審執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)協調(diao)配合(he)(he)推(tui)(tui)動(dong)矛(mao)盾糾紛(fen)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)前(qian)化解(jie)(jie)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)指引》，強化立審執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)協調(diao)配合(he)(he)解(jie)(jie)決執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)難，推(tui)(tui)動(dong)形成整體(ti)合(he)(he)力，不斷(duan)優化立審執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)協調(diao)配合(he)(he)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機制(zhi)。今年(nian)，最(zui)高(gao)人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)院(yuan)又在(zai)全(quan)國法(fa)院(yuan)部署開展執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)規范(fan)提(ti)升三年(nian)行(xing)動(dong)，確(que)定了包括規范(fan)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)實(shi)施與執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)審查(cha)銜接等27項規范(fan)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)環節，一(yi)步一(yi)個腳(jiao)印，協同推(tui)(tui)進執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)規范(fan)提(ti)升。此次出臺《解(jie)(jie)釋》，進一(yi)步優化機制(zhi)，凝聚審判部門(men)與執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)部門(men)合(he)(he)力，提(ti)升矛(mao)盾糾紛(fen)前(qian)端實(shi)質性化解(jie)(jie)效(xiao)能。 第一(yi)，爭議(yi)前(qian)(qian)置(zhi)化(hua)(hua)解(jie)(jie)(jie)，強化(hua)(hua)審執(zhi)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)。做(zuo)好(hao)矛盾糾紛(fen)前(qian)(qian)端化(hua)(hua)解(jie)(jie)(jie)工作，建(jian)立審執(zhi)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)機制、凝聚起(qi)內(nei)部合(he)力是(shi)必要保障。執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)異(yi)議(yi)前(qian)(qian)置(zhi)化(hua)(hua)解(jie)(jie)(jie)工作扎實推(tui)進，才(cai)能真正助推(tui)人(ren)民法院(yuan)審判、執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)等各(ge)項工作全面提升。本次發布(bu)的典(dian)型案例(li)一(yi)就是(shi)審執(zhi)協(xie)同(tong)發力，推(tui)動(dong)矛盾糾紛(fen)在執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程序(xu)中的異(yi)議(yi)審查階段妥善化(hua)(hua)解(jie)(jie)(jie)，各(ge)方當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)均較(jiao)為滿意，也未再提起(qi)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)異(yi)議(yi)之訴，體現了(le)審執(zhi)協(xie)調(diao)(diao)配合(he)的工作成果。 第二，明確規(gui)(gui)則適(shi)用，審(shen)判兼顧(gu)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。近年來(lai)，全國法院執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)條線不斷(duan)加(jia)強執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)化(hua)建設，取得積極成效。但是，在涉及案(an)(an)外(wai)人(ren)(ren)異(yi)議等案(an)(an)件(jian)中，一(yi)定(ding)程度上(shang)還存在規(gui)(gui)則不明、審(shen)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)協調配合(he)不暢問(wen)題。《解釋》進一(yi)步暢通(tong)案(an)(an)件(jian)審(shen)理與執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程序(xu)銜(xian)接(jie)，明晰案(an)(an)外(wai)人(ren)(ren)、執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)當事(shi)人(ren)(ren)，以及拍賣、變賣買受人(ren)(ren)等各方主體(ti)的權利范(fan)圍、救濟途徑(jing)等，避免因規(gui)(gui)則不清而(er)在執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程序(xu)引發新的爭議，衍生異(yi)議、復議等執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)審(shen)查類案(an)(an)件(jian)，助(zhu)力(li)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程序(xu)進一(yi)步嚴(yan)格(ge)依法規(gui)(gui)范(fan)。 第(di)三，審(shen)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)協同發力，做實實質解紛。執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)程(cheng)序(xu)中的(de)案外人(ren)異議(yi)及執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)異議(yi)之訴(su)案件，涉(she)及案外人(ren)和申(shen)請執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)等(deng)(deng)主體利益，矛盾較為突出，“案已結(jie)”而“事未了”、“處理(li)沒問題，問題沒解決”等(deng)(deng)情(qing)況在部(bu)(bu)分案件中仍然存在。此次出臺司(si)法解釋(shi)(shi)，進一步統(tong)一了裁判尺(chi)度，執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)環(huan)節也將持續(xu)加(jia)強釋(shi)(shi)明(ming)和引(yin)導，根(gen)據可(ke)預(yu)見的(de)處理(li)結(jie)果，在解除查封或者繼續(xu)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)前(qian)，執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)部(bu)(bu)門(men)、審(shen)判部(bu)(bu)門(men)可(ke)以采取(qu)多(duo)種方式共同做好(hao)對(dui)申(shen)請執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)、案外人(ren)的(de)釋(shi)(shi)法說理(li)工作(zuo)，把(ba)判后履行(xing)(xing)(xing)作(zuo)為工作(zuo)重點，真正在執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)環(huan)節實現定分止爭。 問題2：執行異議之訴作為新類型案件，當前司法實踐中一定程度存在管轄確定難，關聯訴求一攬子解決難現象，《解釋》在減少管轄爭議、一攬子實質化解矛盾糾紛、減輕當事人訴累等方面作出了哪些規定？ 答：《民(min)(min)事(shi)訴訟(song)法(fa)解(jie)釋》規(gui)(gui)定提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)異(yi)(yi)議之(zhi)(zhi)訴應當(dang)(dang)向執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)提(ti)(ti)(ti)出。但是司(si)法(fa)實踐(jian)較為(wei)復雜(za)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)了強化執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、便利執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，會(hui)采取(qu)指定執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、提(ti)(ti)(ti)級(ji)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、委托執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)措施，也會(hui)存在多家法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)對同(tong)一財產(chan)采取(qu)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)措施、財產(chan)處置(zhi)權由首封(feng)法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)依(yi)法(fa)向優先(xian)債(zhai)權執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)移送等(deng)情形。按照(zhao)《解(jie)釋》第(di)一條(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定，這(zhe)些情形下(xia)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)異(yi)(yi)議之(zhi)(zhi)訴，應當(dang)(dang)向提(ti)(ti)(ti)出執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)異(yi)(yi)議時(shi)(shi)負責執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)該財產(chan)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)異(yi)(yi)議之(zhi)(zhi)訴。《解(jie)釋》第(di)二條(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定，爭議財產(chan)上(shang)有(you)多輪查(cha)封(feng)的(de)(de)，應當(dang)(dang)以首先(xian)查(cha)封(feng)中和查(cha)封(feng)中享有(you)優先(xian)受償權的(de)(de)申請(qing)保全人(ren)(ren)(ren)、申請(qing)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)為(wei)被告。同(tong)時(shi)(shi)，盡(jin)可能了解(jie)掌握(wo)對同(tong)一財產(chan)采取(qu)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)措施的(de)(de)其(qi)他申請(qing)保全人(ren)(ren)(ren)、申請(qing)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)，將其(qi)列為(wei)第(di)三人(ren)(ren)(ren)。以便人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)一攬(lan)子解(jie)決案外人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)民(min)(min)事(shi)權益能否排(pai)除(chu)多重查(cha)封(feng)的(de)(de)問題，防止當(dang)(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)多頭(tou)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)訴訟(song)形成矛盾(dun)判(pan)決，或者又引發衍生糾紛。 關(guan)聯訴(su)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)一攬(lan)子(zi)解(jie)決的(de)(de)問題(ti)，涉及案(an)(an)外(wai)人(ren)(ren)針(zhen)對查(cha)封財(cai)產(chan)(chan)提起執(zhi)行異(yi)議(yi)之(zhi)訴(su)的(de)(de)同時(shi)，還(huan)(huan)可能要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)確認查(cha)封財(cai)產(chan)(chan)歸屬，或者請求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)辦理(li)(li)過戶手(shou)續(xu)等。因(yin)缺乏明確的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)和(he)制(zhi)度安排(pai)，實踐中(zhong)(zhong)，一方(fang)面(mian)，此類關(guan)聯訴(su)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)往往被以(yi)(yi)種(zhong)種(zhong)理(li)(li)由拒之(zhi)門外(wai)，或者在(zai)判決中(zhong)(zhong)未得到(dao)明確回應(ying)；另(ling)一方(fang)面(mian)，為(wei)對抗執(zhi)行，案(an)(an)外(wai)人(ren)(ren)在(zai)異(yi)地(di)法(fa)院起訴(su)并(bing)依(yi)(yi)據另(ling)案(an)(an)生效(xiao)法(fa)律文書提出排(pai)除(chu)強(qiang)制(zhi)執(zhi)行也較為(wei)常見(jian)。對相(xiang)關(guan)訴(su)求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)合(he)(he)并(bing)審理(li)(li)、實質(zhi)性化(hua)解(jie)矛盾(dun)糾紛，可以(yi)(yi)防止程(cheng)序(xu)空(kong)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)，遏制(zhi)虛假訴(su)訟(song)，減(jian)少當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)訴(su)累，也是人(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)院堅持以(yi)(yi)人(ren)(ren)民(min)為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心，切實推動(dong)“案(an)(an)結(jie)事(shi)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)和(he)”的(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)舉措。《解(jie)釋(shi)》第四條(tiao)(tiao)對案(an)(an)外(wai)人(ren)(ren)提出確權請求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)在(zai)執(zhi)行異(yi)議(yi)之(zhi)訴(su)中(zhong)(zhong)一并(bing)處理(li)(li)進行了(le)(le)細(xi)化(hua)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)。《解(jie)釋(shi)》第五條(tiao)(tiao)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，除(chu)法(fa)律另(ling)有(you)(you)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)不宜合(he)(he)并(bing)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)分(fen)別立(li)案(an)(an)的(de)(de)外(wai)，人(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)院對案(an)(an)外(wai)人(ren)(ren)提出的(de)(de)返還(huan)(huan)原(yuan)物(wu)(wu)、返還(huan)(huan)價款(kuan)(kuan)或者交付標的(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)、辦理(li)(li)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)移登記手(shou)續(xu)等給(gei)付請求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)，原(yuan)則(ze)上可以(yi)(yi)合(he)(he)并(bing)審理(li)(li)。與(yu)此相(xiang)對應(ying)，《解(jie)釋(shi)》第十(shi)一條(tiao)(tiao)、第十(shi)八(ba)條(tiao)(tiao)等條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，商品房(fang)消費者、被征收人(ren)(ren)等起訴(su)請求(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)辦理(li)(li)不動(dong)產(chan)(chan)所有(you)(you)權轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)移登記手(shou)續(xu)的(de)(de)，依(yi)(yi)法(fa)予以(yi)(yi)支持。《解(jie)釋(shi)》的(de)(de)程(cheng)序(xu)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)和(he)實體(ti)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)相(xiang)互配合(he)(he)，有(you)(you)力維(wei)護當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)(ren)合(he)(he)法(fa)權益(yi)。 問題3：《解釋》在穩定預期、化解風險，保障商品房消費者權益，提振市場信心，引導規范市場行為等方面有哪些規定？ 答：1995年(nian)起施行的(de)(de)《中(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)共和國城市(shi)(shi)房(fang)(fang)地(di)產(chan)管(guan)理(li)法(fa)(fa)》建(jian)立(li)了(le)期(qi)(qi)房(fang)(fang)預(yu)售制。2002年(nian)《最(zui)高(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)關于(yu)(yu)(yu)建(jian)設(she)工程價(jia)款優先受(shou)償(chang)權(quan)(quan)問(wen)題的(de)(de)批(pi)復(fu)(fu)》基于(yu)(yu)(yu)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者的(de)(de)利益(yi)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)生存(cun)利益(yi)應當優先，承(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)利益(yi)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)經(jing)營利益(yi)應當退(tui)居(ju)其(qi)次(ci)的(de)(de)理(li)念(nian)，首次(ci)明確了(le)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)房(fang)(fang)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者權(quan)(quan)益(yi)可以(yi)對抗(kang)承(cheng)包(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)工程價(jia)款優先受(shou)償(chang)權(quan)(quan)及抵(di)押(ya)權(quan)(quan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)抵(di)押(ya)權(quan)(quan)原則。不動產(chan)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)群眾的(de)(de)基本生活資(zi)(zi)料，在執行程序中(zhong)優先保護(hu)商(shang)(shang)品(pin)房(fang)(fang)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者，對于(yu)(yu)(yu)增強人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)群眾對法(fa)(fa)律公平(ping)的(de)(de)信心(xin)具(ju)有重要意義(yi)。2021年(nian)1月1日，該(gai)批(pi)復(fu)(fu)在《民(min)法(fa)(fa)典》頒布后的(de)(de)司(si)法(fa)(fa)解(jie)釋清理(li)中(zhong)廢止并不意味著商(shang)(shang)品(pin)房(fang)(fang)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者權(quan)(quan)利的(de)(de)消(xiao)(xiao)失，審判實(shi)踐多參照《執行異議和復(fu)(fu)議規(gui)定》第29條(tiao)規(gui)定處(chu)理(li)。2023年(nian)，最(zui)高(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)發(fa)布了(le)《商(shang)(shang)品(pin)房(fang)(fang)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)(fei)者權(quan)(quan)利保護(hu)批(pi)復(fu)(fu)》，重申上述原則精神，切實(shi)保障(zhang)購房(fang)(fang)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)合法(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)益(yi)，也有利于(yu)(yu)(yu)穩定各(ge)方(fang)預(yu)期(qi)(qi)，提振房(fang)(fang)地(di)產(chan)市(shi)(shi)場信心(xin)，防(fang)范化(hua)解(jie)房(fang)(fang)地(di)產(chan)風險(xian)(xian)。對于(yu)(yu)(yu)期(qi)(qi)房(fang)(fang)預(yu)售中(zhong)的(de)(de)交易監管(guan)、預(yu)售資(zi)(zi)金監管(guan)、不動產(chan)登記等(deng)環(huan)節存(cun)在的(de)(de)問(wen)題，《解(jie)釋》從(cong)風險(xian)(xian)“去存(cun)量(liang)(liang)”“減增量(liang)(liang)”兩(liang)個(ge)方(fang)面著手細化(hua)落實(shi)穩定預(yu)期(qi)(qi)、化(hua)解(jie)風險(xian)(xian)工作： 一(yi)(yi)、風險(xian)“去存量”方面。對(dui)于(yu)所購(gou)商(shang)品(pin)房(fang)(fang)(fang)系用于(yu)滿足家(jia)庭(ting)(ting)居住生活需要(yao)的商(shang)品(pin)房(fang)(fang)(fang)消費(fei)者(zhe)，《解(jie)(jie)釋》第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)、第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)二(er)條(tiao)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)款從保障房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋交付請(qing)(qing)求權(quan)(quan)(quan)和(he)價(jia)款返還(huan)請(qing)(qing)求權(quan)(quan)(quan)兩個(ge)方面予以規范。《解(jie)(jie)釋》第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)對(dui)商(shang)品(pin)房(fang)(fang)(fang)消費(fei)者(zhe)的范圍進行了(le)界(jie)定(ding)，并對(dui)其(qi)(qi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋交付請(qing)(qing)求權(quan)(quan)(quan)予以保護(hu)：一(yi)(yi)是明確“所購(gou)商(shang)品(pin)房(fang)(fang)(fang)系用于(yu)滿足家(jia)庭(ting)(ting)居住生活需要(yao)”，“家(jia)庭(ting)(ting)”一(yi)(yi)般是指夫妻和(he)未成年子女，以家(jia)庭(ting)(ting)為單位考察房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋的持有(you)狀(zhuang)況。“居住生活需要(yao)”應不再限于(yu)家(jia)庭(ting)(ting)唯一(yi)(yi)住房(fang)(fang)(fang)，并可涵蓋改善性住房(fang)(fang)(fang)。此(ci)次發(fa)布的典(dian)型(xing)案(an)例(li)二(er)和(he)案(an)例(li)三就體現(xian)了(le)《解(jie)(jie)釋》的上述精神。二(er)是嚴格付款條(tiao)件。《解(jie)(jie)釋》強調消費(fei)者(zhe)權(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi)(yi)的取(qu)得必須支(zhi)付對(dui)價(jia)，避免被執行人責任財產的不當減少(shao)，維護(hu)申請(qing)(qing)執行人權(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi)(yi)。《解(jie)(jie)釋》第(di)(di)(di)十(shi)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)第(di)(di)(di)二(er)款為維護(hu)群眾合法權(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi)(yi)，以《民(min)法典(dian)》第(di)(di)(di)四百零六條(tiao)為依(yi)據，支(zhi)持商(shang)品(pin)房(fang)(fang)(fang)消費(fei)者(zhe)辦理(li)過戶(hu)登記，保障其(qi)(qi)房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋交付請(qing)(qing)求權(quan)(quan)(quan)。 消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)者購(gou)房(fang)(fang)價(jia)款(kuan)返(fan)還請求權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護與(yu)房(fang)(fang)屋交付請求權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保護在(zai)邏輯上具有一致(zhi)性。因房(fang)(fang)屋不能(neng)交付且無實際交付可(ke)(ke)能(neng)導致(zhi)房(fang)(fang)屋買(mai)賣(mai)合同已經(jing)解除，歷經(jing)長時間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)期待之后(hou)房(fang)(fang)屋無法(fa)交付，可(ke)(ke)能(neng)讓消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)者承受更大的(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)失，其個人的(de)(de)(de)(de)生存(cun)和生活亦可(ke)(ke)能(neng)由此(ci)遭受巨(ju)大沖擊。在(zai)此(ci)前提下，應支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)者從(cong)執行中取回購(gou)房(fang)(fang)款(kuan)。對(dui)此(ci)，《解釋》第十(shi)二條第二款(kuan)明確規定，商品房(fang)(fang)消(xiao)(xiao)費(fei)者因房(fang)(fang)屋不能(neng)交付且無實際交付可(ke)(ke)能(neng)導致(zhi)房(fang)(fang)屋買(mai)賣(mai)合同已經(jing)解除，請求在(zai)變(bian)價(jia)款(kuan)中支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)其價(jia)款(kuan)返(fan)還的(de)(de)(de)(de)，人民法(fa)院應予支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)(chi)。 二、風險“減(jian)增(zeng)(zeng)量”方(fang)(fang)面(mian)。為推動(dong)減(jian)少生存權(quan)(quan)與抵押權(quan)(quan)利(li)益出現沖(chong)突和(he)競爭，引導、鼓勵購房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)人(ren)(ren)采取(qu)(qu)法(fa)律(lv)賦予(yu)的(de)(de)風險防(fang)范(fan)手段維護自身權(quan)(quan)益非常(chang)重要(yao)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)而達到(dao)(dao)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)地(di)產(chan)(chan)市場穩(wen)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)期、交(jiao)易風險“減(jian)增(zeng)(zeng)量”的(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)果。《解釋(shi)》第十二條(tiao)第一款(kuan)、第十三(san)條(tiao)、第十九條(tiao)，對不動(dong)產(chan)(chan)買(mai)(mai)受人(ren)(ren)向預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)售(shou)(shou)資金監(jian)管賬戶交(jiao)付(fu)價(jia)款(kuan)、將(jiang)價(jia)款(kuan)交(jiao)付(fu)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)及辦(ban)理預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)購商(shang)品房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)買(mai)(mai)賣(mai)合(he)(he)同預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)告(gao)(gao)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)形成(cheng)(cheng)排除(chu)(chu)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)力進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了規定。房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)爛(lan)尾導致購房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)者集體維權(quan)(quan)，根(gen)源在于(yu)實(shi)踐中預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)售(shou)(shou)資金未得到(dao)(dao)有(you)效(xiao)(xiao)監(jian)管。從落實(shi)配合(he)(he)完善預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)售(shou)(shou)資金監(jian)管制(zhi)度要(yao)求(qiu)出發(fa)，鑒于(yu)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)售(shou)(shou)資金監(jian)管賬戶具有(you)特殊性，在房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)買(mai)(mai)賣(mai)合(he)(he)同已(yi)(yi)經解除(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)前提(ti)下(xia)，買(mai)(mai)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)人(ren)(ren)作為案(an)外人(ren)(ren)提(ti)出執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)異議之(zhi)訴，要(yao)求(qiu)排除(chu)(chu)監(jian)管賬戶相應(ying)(ying)購房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)款(kuan)的(de)(de)強制(zhi)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)，人(ren)(ren)民法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)應(ying)(ying)予(yu)支持。對于(yu)已(yi)(yi)將(jiang)價(jia)款(kuan)交(jiao)付(fu)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)購房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)人(ren)(ren)，面(mian)臨房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)地(di)產(chan)(chan)開(kai)發(fa)企業為債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)強制(zhi)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)時，應(ying)(ying)當依法(fa)予(yu)以(yi)保護。購房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)人(ren)(ren)交(jiao)付(fu)法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)價(jia)款(kuan)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)由執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)予(yu)以(yi)發(fa)放申請執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)以(yi)代替被(bei)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)清(qing)償(chang)相應(ying)(ying)債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)，依照(zhao)法(fa)律(lv)規定的(de)(de)清(qing)償(chang)順序進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)分配的(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)已(yi)(yi)經具備。在此基礎上，相應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)主債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)視(shi)為已(yi)(yi)獲清(qing)償(chang)，案(an)外人(ren)(ren)有(you)權(quan)(quan)主張排除(chu)(chu)優先(xian)債(zhai)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)以(yi)及請求(qiu)按套注銷(xiao)抵押登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)。房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)買(mai)(mai)受人(ren)(ren)依法(fa)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)告(gao)(gao)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)排除(chu)(chu)他人(ren)(ren)通過交(jiao)易、強制(zhi)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)等方(fang)(fang)式(shi)取(qu)(qu)得物(wu)權(quan)(quan)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)能性，故(gu)預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)告(gao)(gao)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)權(quan)(quan)利(li)人(ren)(ren)提(ti)出執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)異議之(zhi)訴，請求(qiu)停止處分的(de)(de)，應(ying)(ying)予(yu)支持。預(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)告(gao)(gao)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)權(quan)(quan)利(li)人(ren)(ren)證(zheng)明其(qi)已(yi)(yi)符(fu)合(he)(he)辦(ban)理物(wu)權(quan)(quan)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)條(tiao)件(jian)，如新(xin)建商(shang)品房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)完成(cheng)(cheng)權(quan)(quan)屬首次登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)并已(yi)(yi)符(fu)合(he)(he)辦(ban)理轉(zhuan)移(yi)(yi)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)，案(an)外人(ren)(ren)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)確定的(de)(de)取(qu)(qu)得不動(dong)產(chan)(chan)物(wu)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)，僅因查(cha)封不能完成(cheng)(cheng)物(wu)權(quan)(quan)轉(zhuan)移(yi)(yi)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)，可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)請求(qiu)排除(chu)(chu)包括查(cha)封措施在內的(de)(de)強制(zhi)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，以(yi)掃(sao)除(chu)(chu)其(qi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)不動(dong)產(chan)(chan)物(wu)權(quan)(quan)登(deng)(deng)記(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)障礙。 綜上(shang)，《解釋》通過類型化處理的(de)規定，力爭實現風險(xian)“去存量”“減(jian)增量”，維護消費者(zhe)權益穩定市場預(yu)期，支持、引導、鼓勵消費者(zhe)采取(qu)法定防范(fan)風險(xian)手段規范(fan)交易行(xing)為(wei)、推動(dong)權利公(gong)示(shi)，進而提振市場信(xin)心，落實“更(geng)大(da)力度推動(dong)房地產市場止跌回穩”的(de)要(yao)求。 問題4：針對近年來出現的被執行人與案外人惡意串通，濫提執行異議，并通過虛假執行異議之訴逃廢債務、逃避執行，進而破壞社會誠信、損害人民群眾合法權益、危害司法公信力的行為，人民法院應當如何防范？ 答：黨的(de)(de)(de)十(shi)八屆(jie)四中全會通(tong)(tong)過的(de)(de)(de)《中共中央關(guan)于(yu)全面(mian)推進依法治(zhi)國若干(gan)重(zhong)大(da)問題的(de)(de)(de)決定》提出：“加(jia)大(da)對虛假(jia)(jia)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)、惡意訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)、無(wu)理(li)(li)纏訴(su)(su)(su)行(xing)(xing)為的(de)(de)(de)懲治(zhi)力(li)(li)度。”黨的(de)(de)(de)二十(shi)大(da)報告提出：“弘揚(yang)誠信(xin)(xin)文(wen)化(hua)，健(jian)全誠信(xin)(xin)建設長(chang)效機制(zhi)(zhi)。”《民(min)(min)事(shi)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)法》第十(shi)三條對民(min)(min)事(shi)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)誠信(xin)(xin)原(yuan)則作出規(gui)定。近(jin)年來，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)人民(min)(min)法院(yuan)通(tong)(tong)過制(zhi)(zhi)定司法解釋、司法政策、發(fa)布(bu)典(dian)(dian)型案例、加(jia)強審(shen)判(pan)指導、建立預警機制(zhi)(zhi)、強化(hua)部門協作等多種方式(shi)，刑(xing)民(min)(min)并進、多措(cuo)并舉、聯合施治(zhi)，重(zhong)拳懲處(chu)(chu)各類虛假(jia)(jia)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)。最(zui)(zui)高(gao)人民(min)(min)法院(yuan)、最(zui)(zui)高(gao)人民(min)(min)檢察院(yuan)于(yu)2024年10月(yue)30日發(fa)布(bu)了《關(guan)于(yu)辦理(li)(li)拒不(bu)執行(xing)(xing)判(pan)決、裁(cai)定刑(xing)事(shi)案件(jian)適用(yong)法律若干(gan)問題的(de)(de)(de)解釋》，該(gai)解釋第八條規(gui)定“案外人明知負有(you)執行(xing)(xing)義務的(de)(de)(de)人有(you)能力(li)(li)執行(xing)(xing)而拒不(bu)執行(xing)(xing)人民(min)(min)法院(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)判(pan)決、裁(cai)定，與(yu)其通(tong)(tong)謀，協助實施隱藏、轉移財產等拒不(bu)執行(xing)(xing)行(xing)(xing)為，致(zhi)使判(pan)決、裁(cai)定無(wu)法執行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)，以拒不(bu)執行(xing)(xing)判(pan)決、裁(cai)定罪的(de)(de)(de)共犯論處(chu)(chu)。”2024年11月(yue)25日，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)人民(min)(min)法院(yuan)發(fa)布(bu)打擊通(tong)(tong)過虛假(jia)(jia)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)逃(tao)廢債典(dian)(dian)型民(min)(min)事(shi)案例。 執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)異(yi)(yi)議(yi)之(zhi)訴(su)(su)旨在為真(zhen)(zhen)實權利人(ren)(ren)(ren)提(ti)供執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)救(jiu)(jiu)濟(ji)，發揮著保(bao)護(hu)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)權益(yi)、保(bao)證(zheng)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)公(gong)正(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要功能。現實中(zhong)，個別被(bei)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)試圖“鉆制(zhi)度的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)子”，為了規(gui)避執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、拖(tuo)延(yan)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，與(yu)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)惡意串(chuan)通、提(ti)供虛(xu)(xu)假證(zheng)據(ju)(ju)，捏(nie)造事(shi)(shi)(shi)實向(xiang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院提(ti)出執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)異(yi)(yi)議(yi)及執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)異(yi)(yi)議(yi)之(zhi)訴(su)(su)，企圖規(gui)避執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，此(ci)類情形應(ying)(ying)嚴厲打擊，確保(bao)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)救(jiu)(jiu)濟(ji)制(zhi)度不(bu)被(bei)濫用，真(zhen)(zhen)正(zheng)(zheng)將有(you)限司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)資源用于(yu)保(bao)護(hu)需要救(jiu)(jiu)濟(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實體權益(yi)。對此(ci)，《解(jie)釋(shi)》第二(er)十一條第一款規(gui)定：“案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)被(bei)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)、申請執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)之(zhi)間(jian)惡意串(chuan)通，通過(guo)偽造證(zheng)據(ju)(ju)，或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)單方(fang)(fang)捏(nie)造案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)件基(ji)本事(shi)(shi)(shi)實，以(yi)(yi)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)異(yi)(yi)議(yi)之(zhi)訴(su)(su)妨礙(ai)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院應(ying)(ying)當(dang)駁回其訴(su)(su)訟請求，并根(gen)據(ju)(ju)情節輕(qing)重(zhong)予(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)罰款、拘(ju)留(liu)；涉(she)嫌刑事(shi)(shi)(shi)犯罪(zui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院應(ying)(ying)當(dang)將犯罪(zui)線索(suo)移送公(gong)安機(ji)關。”實踐中(zhong)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院審理執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)異(yi)(yi)議(yi)之(zhi)訴(su)(su)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)件，應(ying)(ying)當(dang)嚴格(ge)審查(cha)(cha)案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)異(yi)(yi)議(yi)所依(yi)據(ju)(ju)事(shi)(shi)(shi)由發生原因、時(shi)(shi)間(jian)、地點、真(zhen)(zhen)實內容和法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律性質，案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)對執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)否(fou)享有(you)占有(you)、使用等(deng)(deng)實際權利，權益(yi)取得是(shi)否(fou)導致(zhi)被(bei)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)責任財產重(zhong)大不(bu)當(dang)減少(shao)，案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)經濟(ji)狀況、支付(fu)對價(jia)款項(xiang)來(lai)源、交付(fu)方(fang)(fang)式、款項(xiang)流向(xiang)，以(yi)(yi)及案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)與(yu)被(bei)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)雙方(fang)(fang)是(shi)否(fou)存(cun)在親(qin)屬或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)其他(ta)利害關系(xi)等(deng)(deng)事(shi)(shi)(shi)實，綜(zong)合判斷(duan)是(shi)否(fou)屬于(yu)虛(xu)(xu)假民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)訴(su)(su)訟。審理過(guo)程中(zhong)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院依(yi)據(ju)(ju)《民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)訴(su)(su)訟法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)解(jie)釋(shi)》應(ying)(ying)認真(zhen)(zhen)查(cha)(cha)明案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)相(xiang)關情況的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體細節，認為有(you)必(bi)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，可以(yi)(yi)依(yi)職(zhi)權對執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)實地查(cha)(cha)看、入戶調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)，并向(xiang)有(you)關單位或(huo)(huo)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)調(diao)(diao)查(cha)(cha)。同時(shi)(shi)，人(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院應(ying)(ying)建立(li)并不(bu)斷(duan)完善與(yu)檢(jian)察(cha)機(ji)關、公(gong)安機(ji)關等(deng)(deng)部(bu)門(men)線索(suo)移送會(hui)商工作機(ji)制(zhi)，有(you)效銜(xian)接司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)制(zhi)裁與(yu)刑事(shi)(shi)(shi)制(zhi)裁，有(you)力打擊虛(xu)(xu)假訴(su)(su)訟不(bu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為人(ren)(ren)(ren)。《解(jie)釋(shi)》第二(er)十一條第三款規(gui)定：“案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)等(deng)(deng)通過(guo)虛(xu)(xu)假訴(su)(su)訟等(deng)(deng)方(fang)(fang)式致(zhi)使執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)(zhe)價(jia)值減損(sun)等(deng)(deng)，給申請執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)造成損(sun)失(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，應(ying)(ying)當(dang)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)予(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)賠償。”通過(guo)上述(shu)規(gui)定，將案(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)外(wai)(wai)(wai)人(ren)(ren)(ren)等(deng)(deng)通過(guo)虛(xu)(xu)假訴(su)(su)訟損(sun)害他(ta)人(ren)(ren)(ren)權益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)責任予(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)明確。 近年來，逃(tao)廢(fei)債務手段(duan)不(bu)(bu)斷翻新(xin)，逃(tao)廢(fei)債務行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)趨(qu)于隱蔽和(he)復雜，其中，不(bu)(bu)動產租(zu)(zu)(zu)賃(lin)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)異議之(zhi)訴案件(jian)中虛(xu)假(jia)(jia)訴訟(song)(song)高發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)領域。債務人(ren)(ren)為(wei)(wei)達(da)成(cheng)逃(tao)廢(fei)銀行(xing)(xing)(xing)貸款的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過虛(xu)構(gou)租(zu)(zu)(zu)賃(lin)關系，串通(tong)(tong)(tong)案外人(ren)(ren)主張(zhang)租(zu)(zu)(zu)金已(yi)一次付(fu)清或已(yi)經通(tong)(tong)(tong)過以(yi)租(zu)(zu)(zu)抵債形(xing)式付(fu)清，或者(zhe)(zhe)倒簽租(zu)(zu)(zu)賃(lin)合(he)(he)同延長(chang)租(zu)(zu)(zu)期(qi)、降低租(zu)(zu)(zu)金等，以(yi)對抗執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)債權。由(you)于租(zu)(zu)(zu)賃(lin)權成(cheng)立并不(bu)(bu)以(yi)租(zu)(zu)(zu)賃(lin)合(he)(he)同的(de)(de)(de)登(deng)記為(wei)(wei)生效或者(zhe)(zhe)公(gong)示要件(jian)，被執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)利(li)用租(zu)(zu)(zu)賃(lin)合(he)(he)同的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)部性(xing)，與承租(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)惡意串通(tong)(tong)(tong)，通(tong)(tong)(tong)過事(shi)后虛(xu)構(gou)租(zu)(zu)(zu)賃(lin)合(he)(he)同，降低租(zu)(zu)(zu)金、延長(chang)租(zu)(zu)(zu)期(qi)以(yi)幫(bang)助承租(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)達(da)到長(chang)期(qi)、低價承租(zu)(zu)(zu)不(bu)(bu)動產的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)，并從中牟(mou)利(li)。此種(zhong)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)勢必影響租(zu)(zu)(zu)賃(lin)物的(de)(de)(de)司法處(chu)置價格，進而損害申請執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)法權益(yi)，本質(zhi)上也是一種(zhong)逃(tao)避執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)虛(xu)假(jia)(jia)訴訟(song)(song)行(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)。對此，《解釋》第二(er)十條(tiao)規定，真實承租(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)必須符合(he)(he)法定事(shi)由(you)才(cai)能排除不(bu)(bu)帶(dai)租(zu)(zu)(zu)強(qiang)制執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，申請執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)人(ren)(ren)可以(yi)對帶(dai)租(zu)(zu)(zu)強(qiang)制執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)提出異議并有權提起執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)異議之(zhi)訴。人(ren)(ren)民(min)法院(yuan)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過嚴格審查在(zai)案證據查明系虛(xu)假(jia)(jia)訴訟(song)(song)的(de)(de)(de)，依據《解釋》第二(er)十一條(tiao)予(yu)以(yi)處(chu)理(li)，彰(zhang)顯司法權威，促進社會誠(cheng)信建設。 日期：2025-7-23 15:05:38 | 關閉 |
