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//cciia.org.cn 2010-3-12 15:23:50 來源:人民網-《人民日報》
2009年中國國土綠化狀況公報(摘要)
(2010年3月12日全國綠化委員會辦公室發布)
■ 截至(zhi)去年底,累計有121.1億人次義務植(zhi)樹(shu),植(zhi)樹(shu)563.3億株
■ 去年全年完(wan)成造(zao)林(lin)588.47萬公頃,森林(lin)質量明顯提升
■ 全國已確權林地面(mian)積1.01億公(gong)頃(qing),發(fa)證面(mian)積0.76億公(gong)頃(qing)
2009年,在黨中央、國務院的正確領導(dao)下(xia),我國扎實推(tui)進國土綠化和生態文明建(jian)設,取(qu)得了(le)顯著成(cheng)效。
全民義務(wu)植樹運(yun)動蓬勃開展
各級(ji)領導(dao)率先垂范,義(yi)務(wu)植樹(shu)(shu)蔚然(ran)成(cheng)風。黨(dang)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)家領導(dao)人參(can)加(jia)(jia)了首都義(yi)務(wu)植樹(shu)(shu)活(huo)動。胡錦濤總書記在(zai)植樹(shu)(shu)時指(zhi)出:“深入(ru)開展義(yi)務(wu)植樹(shu)(shu)活(huo)動,不(bu)斷擴大國(guo)(guo)(guo)土(tu)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)化面積(ji),是(shi)實(shi)現科(ke)(ke)學(xue)發(fa)展的必(bi)然(ran)要(yao)求,也是(shi)建設(she)生態文明的重要(yao)舉措。希望全社會大力弘揚植綠(lv)(lv)(lv)、護(hu)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)、愛(ai)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)的文明新(xin)風,積(ji)極(ji)參(can)與義(yi)務(wu)植樹(shu)(shu)活(huo)動,注重科(ke)(ke)學(xue)、提(ti)高質量、加(jia)(jia)強管護(hu),確保種一棵(ke)、活(huo)一棵(ke)、成(cheng)材(cai)一棵(ke)。要(yao)通(tong)過一代(dai)又一代(dai)人的不(bu)懈努(nu)力,使祖(zu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大地(di)變得更加(jia)(jia)秀(xiu)美。”在(zai)黨(dang)中央(yang)、全國(guo)(guo)(guo)人大、國(guo)(guo)(guo)務(wu)院、全國(guo)(guo)(guo)政(zheng)協、中央(yang)軍委(wei)領導(dao)和共和國(guo)(guo)(guo)部長及地(di)方黨(dang)政(zheng)軍領導(dao)干部的帶領下(xia),適齡公民踴躍參(can)加(jia)(jia)義(yi)務(wu)植樹(shu)(shu)活(huo)動,再一次掀(xian)起了全民植綠(lv)(lv)(lv)、興綠(lv)(lv)(lv)、護(hu)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)的新(xin)熱潮。
義(yi)(yi)務(wu)植(zhi)(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)組織管理得到(dao)加(jia)強,形式不斷創新。目前,已有(you)北京(jing)、江蘇、安徽、江西(xi)、河南、新疆(jiang)、內蒙古等18個(ge)省區市(shi)(shi)相繼頒布《國土綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)條例》或《義(yi)(yi)務(wu)植(zhi)(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)條例》。北京(jing)市(shi)(shi)強化(hua)(hua)街道和鄉鎮義(yi)(yi)務(wu)植(zhi)(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)屬地(di)管理制度,開(kai)展(zhan)城鄉手拉(la)手義(yi)(yi)務(wu)植(zhi)(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)活動(dong),明確了綠(lv)地(di)認養、購(gou)買碳(tan)匯、以資代勞等18種義(yi)(yi)務(wu)植(zhi)(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)形式。上海(hai)市(shi)(shi)在各(ge)區縣、鄉鎮普遍設立義(yi)(yi)務(wu)植(zhi)(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)點,組織市(shi)(shi)民(min)開(kai)展(zhan)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)造林活動(dong)。陜西(xi)“我為延安種棵樹(shu)(shu)”活動(dong)開(kai)展(zhan) 3年(nian)來有(you)17萬人參加(jia)植(zhi)(zhi)樹(shu)(shu)。
義務植(zhi)(zhi)樹宣(xuan)傳發動蓬勃開展(zhan),公民綠化意識(shi)顯著(zhu)增強。據統計,2009年(nian)共有5.9億(yi)人次(ci)參加(jia)義務植(zhi)(zhi)樹活(huo)動,植(zhi)(zhi)樹24.8億(yi)株(zhu)(含折合株(zhu)數(shu))。截至2009年(nian)底,累計有121.1億(yi)人次(ci)參加(jia)義務植(zhi)(zhi)樹,植(zhi)(zhi)樹563.3億(yi)株(zhu)。
現代林(lin)業(ye)建設扎實推進
林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)改(gai)革(ge)取得重大成效。集(ji)(ji)體(ti)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)權(quan)制(zhi)度(du)改(gai)革(ge)全面(mian)推開(kai),全國已確權(quan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地面(mian)積1.01億公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占集(ji)(ji)體(ti)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地的59.4%,發證面(mian)積0.76億公(gong)(gong)頃(qing),占集(ji)(ji)體(ti)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)地總面(mian)積的44.6%。同時(shi),公(gong)(gong)共財政支持林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)發展制(zhi)度(du)逐步完善(shan),農村林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)金融制(zhi)度(du)開(kai)始建立,集(ji)(ji)體(ti)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)木采伐管理機制(zhi)改(gai)革(ge)取得突破,林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)權(quan)流轉行為(wei)逐步規范,農民林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)專(zhuan)業(ye)合作組織扎實(shi)推進(jin)。
生(sheng)態系統(tong)(tong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)取(qu)得(de)新(xin)進(jin)(jin)展。全(quan)(quan)年完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)588.47萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)大(da)幅(fu)度增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加,森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)質(zhi)量明顯提升。據第(di)七(qi)次森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)資源(yuan)清(qing)查(cha),全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)1.95億(yi)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),比(bi)上一次清(qing)查(cha)凈增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)0.21億(yi)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing);森(sen)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)覆(fu)蓋率20.36%,凈增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)2.15個百分點;活立木蓄積(ji)(ji)(ji)量149.13億(yi)立方(fang)米,凈增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)11.28億(yi)立方(fang)米;人工(gong)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)0.62億(yi)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),凈增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)840萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),繼續保(bao)(bao)(bao)持世界(jie)首位。三(san)北防護(hu)(hu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)118.64萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。沿(yan)海防護(hu)(hu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)實(shi)現了(le)(le)基干林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)帶合攏(long)。退耕還林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)118.68萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)退耕、造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)和封育任(ren)務。長江防護(hu)(hu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)兩湖兩庫治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)效(xiao)果明顯,林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)血防工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)規模進(jin)(jin)一步擴大(da),太行山綠(lv)化工(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)涌現出(chu)山西長治(zhi)(zhi)等一批典型(xing),珠江防護(hu)(hu)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)工(gong)程(cheng)、平原(yuan)綠(lv)化工(gong)程(cheng)穩步推(tui)進(jin)(jin)。天(tian)然林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)工(gong)程(cheng)區完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)公(gong)益林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)154.2萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),管護(hu)(hu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)1.04億(yi)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。實(shi)施了(le)(le)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)生(sheng)態保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)恢復工(gong)程(cheng),啟動了(le)(le)第(di)二次全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)資源(yuan)調(diao)查(cha),全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園試點62處(chu)(chu),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)園試點總數(shu)達(da)到100處(chu)(chu),國(guo)(guo)際重要(yao)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)37處(chu)(chu),全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)到1795萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),占自然濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的49.6%。實(shi)施了(le)(le)《省級(ji)政府防沙治(zhi)(zhi)沙目標責(ze)任(ren)考核辦(ban)法》,繼續推(tui)進(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)防沙治(zhi)(zhi)沙綜合示范區建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she),啟動了(le)(le)第(di)四次全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)荒漠化沙化監測(ce)。京津風沙源(yuan)治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)工(gong)程(cheng)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)營(ying)造(zao)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)任(ren)務45.77萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。新(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)級(ji)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區14處(chu)(chu),新(xin)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)7.7萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)林(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)(lin)業(ye)系統(tong)(tong)自然保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)區總數(shu)達(da)到2012處(chu)(chu),總面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)達(da)到1.23億(yi)公(gong)頃(qing)(qing),占國(guo)(guo)土面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)(ji)的12.8%。
林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)系初(chu)步形成。頒布了(le)《林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)振興規(gui)劃》、《全(quan)國油(you)(you)茶產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展規(gui)劃》。木材加工、木漿造紙等(deng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)展順利(li),森(sen)林(lin)(lin)旅游(you)、木本糧油(you)(you)等(deng)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)方(fang)興未艾。全(quan)年完成速豐(feng)林(lin)(lin)基(ji)地建設(she)75.8萬(wan)公(gong)頃,速豐(feng)林(lin)(lin)基(ji)地建設(she)累計完成730.87萬(wan)公(gong)頃。全(quan)年森(sen)林(lin)(lin)公(gong)園共接(jie)待(dai)游(you)客3.3億人次(ci),直(zhi)接(jie)旅游(you)收入219億元(yuan),帶動(dong)社(she)會綜合旅游(you)收入近1800億元(yuan)。經濟林(lin)(lin)種植與(yu)采集(ji)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)年產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)達到(dao)3700億元(yuan),全(quan)年生產(chan)(chan)油(you)(you)茶良種嫁接(jie)苗近4.2億株,新種植油(you)(you)茶林(lin)(lin)8.93萬(wan)公(gong)頃,改造低產(chan)(chan)油(you)(you)茶林(lin)(lin)19.87萬(wan)公(gong)頃。全(quan)年林(lin)(lin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)總產(chan)(chan)值(zhi)達到(dao)1.58萬(wan)億元(yuan),同比(bi)增長9.8%。
生態文(wen)化體系(xi)建設(she)深入開展。全國(guo)各類生態文(wen)化協會、學會、促進(jin)會、研究會相(xiang)繼成(cheng)立,各種采(cai)風、創(chuang)作活動(dong)踴躍。中國(guo)濕地(di)博(bo)物館、退(tui)耕還林展覽(lan)館建成(cheng),一批生態文(wen)明(ming)建設(she)示范(fan)基地(di)落成(cheng)。
草(cao)原建設(she)成效顯(xian)著
國家實施草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)重(zhong)大生態建設工(gong)程,集中治理(li)生態脆弱和嚴(yan)重(zhong)退化草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),有效(xiao)遏(e)制了全國草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生態加速惡化的勢頭。退牧還草(cao)工(gong)程圍欄(lan)(lan)封育4503.5萬公頃,京(jing)津風沙(sha)源工(gong)程治理(li)草(cao)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)343.2萬公頃,巖溶地區石(shi)漠化治理(li)工(gong)程圍欄(lan)(lan)封育種草(cao)10.7萬公頃。
城(cheng)鄉綠化快速發展
全(quan)國(guo)城市(shi)(shi)建成區綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)覆蓋面(mian)積(ji)135.65萬公(gong)頃,建成區綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)覆蓋率達37.37%,綠(lv)地率達33.29%,城市(shi)(shi)人均擁有公(gong)園(yuan)綠(lv)地面(mian)積(ji)9.71平方米。全(quan)國(guo)已有14個城市(shi)(shi)成為國(guo)家(jia)森林(lin)(lin)城市(shi)(shi),146個城市(shi)(shi)、30個縣和(he)10個鎮(zhen)分別被命名(ming)為國(guo)家(jia)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)城市(shi)(shi)(區)、國(guo)家(jia)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)縣城和(he)國(guo)家(jia)園(yuan)林(lin)(lin)城鎮(zhen)。
部(bu)門綠化(hua)穩(wen)步推進
中央(yang)直屬機(ji)關新建(jian)庭院綠(lv)地35.7萬(wan)平方米,改建(jian)綠(lv)地26萬(wan)多(duo)平方米,新建(jian)屋頂綠(lv)化面(mian)積(ji)7000平方米。中央(yang)國家機(ji)關義務植樹10多(duo)萬(wan)人次,植樹10多(duo)萬(wan)株,撫育(yu)中幼(you)林(lin)200多(duo)萬(wan)株。解放軍和(he)武警(jing)部隊完成(cheng)“三荒”造林(lin)2.67萬(wan)公頃(qing),創建(jian)綠(lv)色(se)營區和(he)生(sheng)態營區186個,支援地方義務植樹3.3萬(wan)公頃(qing)。各(ge)級團組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)發(fa)動(dong)青(qing)少年800多(duo)萬(wan)人次參(can)與綠(lv)化相關活(huo)動(dong),建(jian)設青(qing)少年綠(lv)色(se)家園(yuan)、綠(lv)化基地、共青(qing)林(lin)等示范項目300多(duo)個。各(ge)級婦聯以“三八綠(lv)色(se)工程(cheng)”活(huo)動(dong)為載體,組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)廣大(da)婦女積(ji)極參(can)與植樹造林(lin)、防沙治沙活(huo)動(dong)。
鐵道(dao)(dao)系(xi)統(tong)當年綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)里程4082.7公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,使國家鐵路已(yi)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)里程達(da)(da)到(dao)33155.2公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,占宜(yi)林(lin)鐵路全長的(de)73.7%。交通(tong)運(yun)輸(shu)系(xi)統(tong)實施(shi)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)建設,新(xin)增公(gong)(gong)(gong)路綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)里程6.7萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,全國公(gong)(gong)(gong)路可(ke)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)里程已(yi)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)167.7萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)率達(da)(da)57.3%。水利系(xi)統(tong)完(wan)成義務植樹(shu)520萬株,綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)荒山(shan)、荒溝、荒丘、荒灘180萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,庭院綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)240公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,湖(hu)泊、水庫綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)面(mian)積3800公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃,江河沿(yan)岸綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)5200公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,渠(qu)道(dao)(dao)兩側綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)1240公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃。教育系(xi)統(tong)開展“弘揚生態(tai)文明,共建綠(lv)色校(xiao)園”活(huo)動,積極種植校(xiao)園防(fang)護林(lin)、校(xiao)園綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)林(lin)。中國石油礦區綠(lv)地(di)面(mian)積達(da)(da)到(dao)3.5萬多公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃、綠(lv)地(di)率29.86%。冶(ye)金系(xi)統(tong)加(jia)強生產、生活(huo)區和(he)礦山(shan)復墾(ken)造林(lin)綠(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua),新(xin)增綠(lv)地(di)近萬畝。
森林草原“三防”成(cheng)效顯著
森林(lin)草原防火(huo)不斷加(jia)強。實施了(le)(le)《全(quan)(quan)國森林(lin)防火(huo)中長期(qi)發(fa)展規劃(hua)》,森林(lin)防火(huo)基礎(chu)設施等各項建設取得(de)進展,全(quan)(quan)國森林(lin)火(huo)災發(fa)生起(qi)數和(he)受(shou)災面積比2008年(nian)分(fen)別下降了(le)(le)38.4%和(he)18.4%。發(fa)生草原火(huo)災192起(qi),受(shou)害面積2.48萬公頃,連續兩年(nian)無人員傷亡。
森林(lin)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)有(you)害(hai)生(sheng)物防控進一步加(jia)強(qiang)。全國防治(zhi)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)鼠害(hai)699萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃,防治(zhi)草(cao)(cao)原(yuan)蟲害(hai)517萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃。運用生(sheng)物生(sheng)態方(fang)法(fa)防治(zhi)有(you)害(hai)生(sheng)物面積達607萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)頃。
森(sen)林(lin)、草原(yuan)資(zi)源保護行(xing)動深入(ru)開展。組(zu)織(zhi)開展了“綠盾(dun)三號(hao)行(xing)動” 和(he)林(lin)區社會治(zhi)安整治(zhi)、禁種鏟毒等系列專項行(xing)動。查處(chu)破(po)壞(huai)森(sen)林(lin)和(he)野生動物(wu)資(zi)源案件17萬多(duo)起(qi)。查處(chu)林(lin)業行(xing)政案件29.38萬起(qi)。依法(fa)查處(chu)開墾草原(yuan)、非(fei)法(fa)征占用草原(yuan)、非(fei)法(fa)采集草原(yuan)野生植物(wu)等違法(fa)案件27000余起(qi)。
2009年,國土綠(lv)化(hua)建設和管(guan)理取得顯著成績,但也存在一些(xie)問(wen)題。一是(shi)(shi)現(xian)有宜林地造林難度加大(da)。二是(shi)(shi)森林草原(yuan)質(zhi)量低(di)下、生態功能不強。三(san)是(shi)(shi)違(wei)法侵占林地、草原(yuan)、綠(lv)地、濕地資(zi)源現(xian)象時有發生,一些(xie)地方亂砍濫伐、亂采濫挖等(deng)現(xian)象屢禁不止。四是(shi)(shi)城市綠(lv)化(hua)發展不平(ping)衡,尤(you)其是(shi)(shi)西部地區城市綠(lv)化(hua)總(zong)體發展滯后。五(wu)是(shi)(shi)造林綠(lv)化(hua)資(zi)金投入(ru)不足。六是(shi)(shi)義務植樹盡責率有待(dai)提高。
備注:公報中涉及的全國性統計數據,均未包括香港特別行政區、澳門特別行政區和臺灣省。
日期:2010-3-12 15:23:50 | 關閉