1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)中華人民(min)共和(he)國成立(li)后(hou),西藏(zang)發生了歷史性的(de)轉變。1951年(nian)(nian)(nian),西藏(zang)實現和(he)平解放(fang),為(wei)徹底將帝國主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)勢(shi)力驅逐出西藏(zang)創(chuang)造了條(tiao)件。1959年(nian)(nian)(nian),西藏(zang)實行民(min)主(zhu)改(gai)革,一舉結(jie)束了延續幾百(bai)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)政教合(he)一的(de)封建(jian)(jian)農(nong)奴制(zhi)。1965年(nian)(nian)(nian),西藏(zang)自治區成立(li),社會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)(yi)制(zhi)度建(jian)(jian)立(li)。1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)后(hou),中國開(kai)始改(gai)革開(kai)放(fang),西藏(zang)現代化建(jian)(jian)設不斷取得新(xin)成就。進(jin)入21世紀(ji)以來(lai),西藏(zang)的(de)發展(zhan)駛入快車道,全面建(jian)(jian)設小康社會(hui)不斷取得新(xin)進(jin)展(zhan)。經過60多年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)建(jian)(jian)設發展(zhan),西藏(zang)各族人民(min)逐步探索出具有中國特色、西藏(zang)特點(dian)的(de)發展(zhan)路(lu)子,一個傳統與現代交相輝映的(de)新(xin)西藏(zang)呈(cheng)現在(zai)世人面前。

　　——新西藏的(de)發展道(dao)路,是中華(hua)民族大團(tuan)結之(zhi)路

　　近(jin)代以(yi)來,由于(yu)帝國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主義的侵略,西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)面臨著(zhu)是統(tong)一(yi)于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)(min)族(zu)大家(jia)庭還是從中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)(min)族(zu)大家(jia)庭中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)裂出(chu)(chu)去(qu)的兩(liang)種命運。英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)殖民(min)(min)者(zhe)先后(hou)于(yu)1888年(nian)(nian)和(he)(he)1904年(nian)(nian)兩(liang)次武裝侵略西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang),強迫(po)當時的中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)清朝(chao)(chao)(1644-1911年(nian)(nian))政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)簽訂不平(ping)(ping)等(deng)條約,取得在西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)的大量特權。清朝(chao)(chao)滅亡后(hou),英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)殖民(min)(min)者(zhe)積(ji)(ji)極培植西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)分(fen)裂勢力,制造“西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)獨立”問(wen)題。1949年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民(min)(min)共(gong)和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)成立后(hou),西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)上層分(fen)裂分(fen)子和(he)(he)帝國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主義勢力加緊(jin)策劃“西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)獨立”,企(qi)圖把西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)從中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)分(fen)裂出(chu)(chu)去(qu)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)人(ren)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)根(gen)據西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)的歷史和(he)(he)現(xian)實情況,決定采取和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)解(jie)(jie)(jie)放(fang)(fang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)的方針,堅定維護(hu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的統(tong)一(yi)和(he)(he)領(ling)土完(wan)整。十(shi)世班(ban)禪等(deng)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)族(zu)各界愛國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)士也紛紛發(fa)出(chu)(chu)解(jie)(jie)(jie)放(fang)(fang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)的呼吁,要求中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)民(min)(min)解(jie)(jie)(jie)放(fang)(fang)軍(jun)進(jin)駐西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang),維護(hu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)統(tong)一(yi)。1951年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)23日,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)人(ren)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)和(he)(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)地方政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)的代表簽訂《關于(yu)和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)解(jie)(jie)(jie)放(fang)(fang)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)辦法的協議(yi)》(以(yi)下簡稱《十(shi)七條協議(yi)》),西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)宣告和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)解(jie)(jie)(jie)放(fang)(fang)。十(shi)四世達賴(lai)于(yu)10月(yue)24日致電中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)主席毛(mao)澤東,表示:“西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)地方政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)及藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)族(zu)僧俗人(ren)民(min)(min)一(yi)致擁護(hu),并在毛(mao)主席及中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)人(ren)民(min)(min)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)的領(ling)導下積(ji)(ji)極協助人(ren)民(min)(min)解(jie)(jie)(jie)放(fang)(fang)軍(jun)進(jin)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)部隊鞏固國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)防,驅逐帝國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)主義勢力出(chu)(chu)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang)(zang),保護(hu)祖國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)領(ling)土主權的統(tong)一(yi)。”

　　和(he)平(ping)解(jie)放使西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)擺脫(tuo)了(le)帝國(guo)(guo)(guo)主義(yi)(yi)侵略勢力的(de)(de)(de)羈絆(ban),宣告了(le)帝國(guo)(guo)(guo)主義(yi)(yi)制造“西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)獨(du)立”圖謀的(de)(de)(de)破產,實現了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民族(zu)在(zai)新的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)條件下的(de)(de)(de)大團(tuan)結。和(he)平(ping)解(jie)放還解(jie)決(jue)(jue)了(le)達賴(lai)和(he)班禪相互(hu)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)遺留(liu)(liu)問題,促成了(le)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)內部的(de)(de)(de)大團(tuan)結。西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)和(he)平(ping)解(jie)放后,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)政府(fu)逐步廢除(chu)了(le)外國(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)長期(qi)享有的(de)(de)(de)特權。1954年,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)印(yin)度簽訂(ding)了(le)《關于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)地方和(he)印(yin)度之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)商和(he)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)協(xie)定》,取消了(le)印(yin)度繼承的(de)(de)(de)英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)侵略西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)遺留(liu)(liu)下來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)特權。1956年,中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)尼(ni)泊(bo)(bo)爾簽訂(ding)《中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人民共和(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)尼(ni)泊(bo)(bo)爾王(wang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)保(bao)持友好關系以及關于中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)地方和(he)尼(ni)泊(bo)(bo)爾之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)商和(he)交(jiao)通(tong)(tong)協(xie)定》,解(jie)決(jue)(jue)了(le)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)地方與(yu)尼(ni)泊(bo)(bo)爾歷史(shi)上的(de)(de)(de)遺留(liu)(liu)問題。

　　在(zai)(zai)此后的(de)半個多世紀(ji)里(li),在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)大家(jia)庭中(zhong)(zhong),西藏(zang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)與全國(guo)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)同(tong)心同(tong)德(de),風(feng)(feng)雨同(tong)舟,建立(li)起平等、團結(jie)、互助、和(he)諧的(de)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)關系,藏(zang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)與其(qi)他民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)你中(zhong)(zhong)有我(wo)、我(wo)中(zhong)(zhong)有你,誰(shui)也(ye)離不開誰(shui)。在(zai)(zai)維(wei)護國(guo)家(jia)統一(yi)、反(fan)對民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)分裂的(de)斗爭中(zhong)(zhong),西藏(zang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)緊密(mi)團結(jie)在(zai)(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)央政府周圍,經受住了(le)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)種困難和(he)風(feng)(feng)險的(de)考驗,維(wei)護了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)團結(jie)和(he)國(guo)家(jia)統一(yi)。在(zai)(zai)實現中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)偉大復興的(de)進程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),西藏(zang)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)與全國(guo)各(ge)(ge)(ge)(ge)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)共享國(guo)家(jia)發展成果和(he)榮耀。

　　為幫助西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)擺脫(tuo)貧窮落后(hou)(hou)狀態(tai),加快發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)步伐,中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)發(fa)揮(hui)社會(hui)(hui)主義(yi)制度和(he)(he)體制優(you)勢,舉全國之(zhi)力支(zhi)援西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)建(jian)設(she),以(yi)優(you)惠的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策和(he)(he)巨大的(de)(de)(de)人力、物力、財力,不(bu)斷為西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)注入新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)動力。60多年來,中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)不(bu)斷加大對(dui)(dui)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)轉(zhuan)移支(zhi)付力度。1952-2013年,中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)對(dui)(dui)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)各項財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)補(bu)助達5446億元,占(zhan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)地方(fang)公共(gong)財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)支(zhi)出的(de)(de)(de)95%。1980年以(yi)來,中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)先(xian)后(hou)(hou)五(wu)次召開西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)工作(zuo)(zuo)座(zuo)(zuo)談(tan)會(hui)(hui),從(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)國社會(hui)(hui)主義(yi)現代化建(jian)設(she)全局出發(fa),對(dui)(dui)西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)建(jian)設(she)作(zuo)(zuo)出整體規劃。從(cong)1994年中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)第三次西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)工作(zuo)(zuo)座(zuo)(zuo)談(tan)會(hui)(hui)開始,中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)實(shi)施(shi)對(dui)(dui)口支(zhi)援西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)策,安排60個(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)國家(jia)機關、18個(ge)省市(shi)和(he)(he)17家(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)企業(ye)對(dui)(dui)口支(zhi)援西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)。20年來,先(xian)后(hou)(hou)有七(qi)批5965名優(you)秀干部進藏(zang)(zang)(zang)工作(zuo)(zuo),實(shi)施(shi)援藏(zang)(zang)(zang)項目7615個(ge),投入援藏(zang)(zang)(zang)資金260億元,主要(yao)用于改善(shan)民生和(he)(he)基礎設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she),為西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)經濟(ji)社會(hui)(hui)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)作(zuo)(zuo)出了(le)重(zhong)要(yao)貢(gong)獻。2010年中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)第五(wu)次西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)工作(zuo)(zuo)座(zuo)(zuo)談(tan)會(hui)(hui)后(hou)(hou),中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)(fu)按照省市(shi)財政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)收入的(de)(de)(de)千分之(zhi)一核定了(le)17個(ge)援藏(zang)(zang)(zang)省市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)援助資金量,并建(jian)立了(le)穩定增長機制。

　　——新(xin)西藏的發(fa)展道路,是人民當家作主(zhu)之路

　　把農奴主掌權(quan)的舊西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)改造為人(ren)民當家作主的新(xin)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang),是西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)社(she)會發展的必然要求和(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)各族人(ren)民的根(gen)本愿望。在中國(guo)特色社(she)會主義(yi)民主政治框架內,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)已走上現代民主之路,人(ren)民的各項政治權(quan)利得(de)到充(chong)分尊重和(he)保障。

　　在(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang),藏(zang)(zang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)(he)門巴(ba)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、珞(luo)(luo)巴(ba)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、納西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、回(hui)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、漢族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)等(deng)(deng)民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu),共(gong)同享有(you)平等(deng)(deng)參(can)與(yu)國(guo)家(jia)事務管(guan)理的權利。作(zuo)為(wei)國(guo)家(jia)根本政治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)度的人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)大(da)會(hui)制(zhi)度,是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)各(ge)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)行使民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)權利的主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)途徑。目前在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)大(da)會(hui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)有(you)21名(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)12名(ming)(ming)為(wei)藏(zang)(zang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)公(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min),門巴(ba)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、珞(luo)(luo)巴(ba)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)雖然人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口極少,也分(fen)別各(ge)有(you)1名(ming)(ming)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)政協(xie)是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)政治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的特有(you)形式和(he)(he)(he)獨特優勢,是(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)實行協(xie)商民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的重要(yao)機構。目前在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)政治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)協(xie)商會(hui)議(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)有(you)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)29名(ming)(ming),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藏(zang)(zang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)(he)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)少數民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)員(yuan)(yuan)有(you)26名(ming)(ming)。在(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)34244名(ming)(ming)四級(ji)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)大(da)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),藏(zang)(zang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)(he)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)少數民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)31901名(ming)(ming),占93%以上(shang),門巴(ba)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、珞(luo)(luo)巴(ba)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、納西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、回(hui)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)、壯族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)等(deng)(deng)均有(you)自(zi)己的代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)十屆人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)大(da)常(chang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)會(hui)44名(ming)(ming)組成人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)藏(zang)(zang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)(he)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)少數民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)25名(ming)(ming),14名(ming)(ming)常(chang)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)會(hui)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)任(ren)、副主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)任(ren)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)藏(zang)(zang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)(he)其(qi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)少數民(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)8名(ming)(ming)。基(ji)層民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)建(jian)設不(bu)斷加強。在(zai)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang),目前95%以上(shang)的村建(jian)立(li)了(le)村民(min)(min)(min)(min)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)會(hui)議(yi)制(zhi)度,選(xuan)舉產生(sheng)村民(min)(min)(min)(min)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組織(zhi)。村務公(gong)開(kai)、民(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)理實現全(quan)覆蓋,90%以上(shang)的村設立(li)公(gong)開(kai)欄,保障群眾的知情權、參(can)與(yu)權、決策權、監督權。192個(ge)城鎮(zhen)社(she)區(qu)全(quan)部建(jian)立(li)了(le)社(she)區(qu)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表(biao)大(da)會(hui)、社(she)區(qu)居(ju)(ju)委(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)會(hui)等(deng)(deng)社(she)區(qu)組織(zhi),社(she)區(qu)居(ju)(ju)民(min)(min)(min)(min)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有(you)充分(fen)的組織(zhi)保證。

　　中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)從(cong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)情(qing)出(chu)發,實行(xing)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)區(qu)域自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)度(du)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)五個(ge)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)之一(yi)(yi)。按照《中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)共和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)憲法(fa)(fa)》和(he)(he)(he)《中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)共和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)區(qu)域自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)》,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)享(xiang)有(you)廣泛的(de)(de)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)(quan)利,包括(kuo)立法(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)、對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家有(you)關(guan)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)的(de)(de)變(bian)通(tong)執(zhi)行(xing)權(quan)(quan)、使(shi)用(yong)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)語言文(wen)字(zi)的(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)利、人(ren)(ren)事管理權(quan)(quan)、財政管理權(quan)(quan)和(he)(he)(he)自(zi)主發展(zhan)文(wen)化(hua)教育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)權(quan)(quan)等。自(zi)1965年以(yi)來,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)人(ren)(ren)大(da)及(ji)其常委會先(xian)后(hou)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)290多部(bu)地(di)方(fang)性(xing)法(fa)(fa)規和(he)(he)(he)具有(you)法(fa)(fa)規性(xing)質的(de)(de)決議、決定(ding)(ding)(ding),對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)多項全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)性(xing)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)了(le)適合(he)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)特點的(de)(de)實施辦法(fa)(fa)。在(zai)婚(hun)(hun)姻制(zhi)度(du)方(fang)面,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)分(fen)別(bie)于1981年和(he)(he)(he)2004年制(zhi)定(ding)(ding)(ding)變(bian)通(tong)條(tiao)例,將(jiang)《中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)共和(he)(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)(guo)婚(hun)(hun)姻法(fa)(fa)》規定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)男女法(fa)(fa)定(ding)(ding)(ding)婚(hun)(hun)齡(ling)分(fen)別(bie)降低(di)兩歲,并規定(ding)(ding)(ding)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)執(zhi)行(xing)變(bian)通(tong)條(tiao)例之前已經形成的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)妻(qi)(qi)多夫和(he)(he)(he)一(yi)(yi)夫多妻(qi)(qi)婚(hun)(hun)姻關(guan)系(xi)(xi),凡不(bu)(bu)主動提(ti)出(chu)解除婚(hun)(hun)姻關(guan)系(xi)(xi)者,準予維持。在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)制(zhi)度(du)方(fang)面,根據《西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)計劃生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)暫行(xing)管理辦法(fa)(fa)(試(shi)行(xing))》,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)漢(han)族(zu)(zu)干(gan)部(bu)、職(zhi)工及(ji)家屬(shu)實行(xing)“一(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)夫婦(fu)只生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)孩子”的(de)(de)政策,而(er)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)藏(zang)(zang)族(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)(he)納西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)族(zu)(zu)、回(hui)族(zu)(zu)、壯族(zu)(zu)等民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)干(gan)部(bu)、職(zhi)工及(ji)戶(hu)口在(zai)單位的(de)(de)家屬(shu)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)居民(min)(min)(min),一(yi)(yi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)夫婦(fu)可以(yi)有(you)間隔地(di)生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)兩個(ge)孩子,對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)農(nong)牧(mu)區(qu)的(de)(de)農(nong)牧(mu)民(min)(min)(min)不(bu)(bu)限制(zhi)生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)數(shu)量,對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)門巴(ba)族(zu)(zu)、珞巴(ba)族(zu)(zu)以(yi)及(ji)夏(xia)爾巴(ba)人(ren)(ren)、僜(deng)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)提(ti)倡生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)指(zhi)標(biao)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)在(zai)執(zhi)行(xing)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)性(xing)法(fa)(fa)定(ding)(ding)(ding)假(jia)(jia)日的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上,還將(jiang)“藏(zang)(zang)歷新年”、“雪(xue)頓節(jie)(jie)”等西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)傳(chuan)統節(jie)(jie)日列入法(fa)(fa)定(ding)(ding)(ding)節(jie)(jie)假(jia)(jia)日。

　　《中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)共和(he)(he)國(guo)憲法》規(gui)定,國(guo)家幫助民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)方從當(dang)地(di)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)中(zhong)(zhong)大量培(pei)養各級干(gan)部(bu)(bu)、各種專業人(ren)(ren)才和(he)(he)技(ji)術(shu)工人(ren)(ren)。《中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)共和(he)(he)國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)區域自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法》規(gui)定,自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區主席、自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)州州長、自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)縣(xian)長由實行民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)區域自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)擔(dan)任;民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)方的(de)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機關所屬(shu)工作部(bu)(bu)門(men)的(de)干(gan)部(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong),應當(dang)合理配備(bei)實行區域自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)少(shao)數(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)。《中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)共和(he)(he)國(guo)公(gong)(gong)(gong)務員(yuan)法》規(gui)定,民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)地(di)方錄(lu)取(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)務員(yuan)時(shi),要對少(shao)數(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)考生予以(yi)適當(dang)照顧。目前,在西藏(zang)(zang)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區干(gan)部(bu)(bu)隊伍中(zhong)(zhong),藏(zang)(zang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)少(shao)數(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)干(gan)部(bu)(bu)占(zhan)70.95%,其(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)縣(xian)鄉兩(liang)級領導班子(zi)中(zhong)(zhong),藏(zang)(zang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)和(he)(he)其(qi)(qi)他(ta)(ta)(ta)少(shao)數(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)占(zhan)70.13%。西藏(zang)(zang)自治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區歷屆人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)代表大會常務委員(yuan)會主任和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)政(zheng)府主席由藏(zang)(zang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)擔(dan)任。在全(quan)國(guo)高考錄(lu)取(qu)和(he)(he)國(guo)家公(gong)(gong)(gong)務員(yuan)考試中(zhong)(zhong),藏(zang)(zang)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)等少(shao)數(shu)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)都享受加分政(zheng)策。

　　——新西藏的發(fa)展道路,是各民族共(gong)同(tong)繁榮進(jin)步之路

　　幾十年來,在中(zhong)央(yang)政府的(de)(de)大力(li)支(zhi)持和全國(guo)各族(zu)人(ren)(ren)民的(de)(de)積極幫助下,經過西藏各族(zu)人(ren)(ren)民的(de)(de)團結奮斗,西藏的(de)(de)發展(zhan)水平(ping)邁上(shang)新(xin)臺階,各項(xiang)事業不斷取得新(xin)成(cheng)就。

　　人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水(shui)平(ping)不(bu)斷(duan)改(gai)善。2013年,西(xi)藏地區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)產總值達到(dao)807.67億元(yuan)(yuan),農牧(mu)(mu)民(min)(min)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)純收入達到(dao)6578元(yuan)(yuan),城鎮居(ju)民(min)(min)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)可支配收入達到(dao)20023元(yuan)(yuan)。西(xi)藏絕大(da)多數(shu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口擺脫了延續上千(qian)年的(de)(de)(de)(de)貧困(kun),基本達到(dao)了小康(kang)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水(shui)平(ping)。2006年以來實施的(de)(de)(de)(de)農牧(mu)(mu)民(min)(min)安(an)居(ju)工程(cheng)全面(mian)完成(cheng),46.03萬戶(hu)、230萬農牧(mu)(mu)民(min)(min)住上了安(an)全適用的(de)(de)(de)(de)房屋。農牧(mu)(mu)民(min)(min)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)居(ju)住面(mian)積(ji)達30.51平(ping)方米,城鎮居(ju)民(min)(min)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)居(ju)住面(mian)積(ji)達42.81平(ping)方米。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口大(da)幅增長,2013年達到(dao)312.04萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)均(jun)預期(qi)壽命為68.2歲(sui),分(fen)別是20世紀50年代初(chu)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)三倍和兩倍。在國家統計局、中(zhong)國郵政集團公司和中(zhong)央(yang)電視臺聯合舉辦的(de)(de)(de)(de)“CCTV經濟生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)大(da)調查(cha)”中(zhong),拉薩市連續5年被評為中(zhong)國幸福指數(shu)最高的(de)(de)(de)(de)城市。

　　教(jiao)育衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)和(he)社會(hui)保(bao)障事業全(quan)(quan)面發展。西藏(zang)在(zai)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)率先實現學前教(jiao)育、城鄉(xiang)義務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)育和(he)高中(zhong)階段教(jiao)育15年(nian)(nian)免(mian)費(fei)(fei)教(jiao)育,小(xiao)學學齡兒童入學率達99.59%,初(chu)中(zhong)毛入學率達到98.75%,高中(zhong)階段毛入學率達到72.23%。人(ren)(ren)口素質明顯提升,基(ji)本(ben)掃(sao)除了青壯年(nian)(nian)文盲(mang),15周(zhou)歲(sui)以(yi)上人(ren)(ren)口人(ren)(ren)均受教(jiao)育年(nian)(nian)限(xian)達到8.1年(nian)(nian)。基(ji)本(ben)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)服務(wu)(wu)體(ti)系基(ji)本(ben)建立,現有醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)機構(gou)6660個(含村衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)室)。以(yi)免(mian)費(fei)(fei)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)為基(ji)礎的農(nong)牧區(qu)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)制度覆蓋(gai)全(quan)(quan)體(ti)農(nong)牧民,政府(fu)經費(fei)(fei)補助標準2014年(nian)(nian)提高至(zhi)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)均380元。在(zai)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)率先實現城鄉(xiang)居(ju)民免(mian)費(fei)(fei)健康(kang)體(ti)檢(jian)。

　　現(xian)(xian)代(dai)化(hua)水(shui)平(ping)不斷提高。現(xian)(xian)代(dai)工業(ye)和基礎設(she)(she)施不斷發展,建立(li)起包括20多(duo)個(ge)門類、富(fu)有西藏特色的(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)代(dai)工業(ye)體系。以水(shui)電(dian)為(wei)主,地熱、風(feng)能(neng)、太(tai)陽(yang)能(neng)等多(duo)能(neng)互補的(de)(de)新(xin)型能(neng)源(yuan)體系全面建成(cheng)。2013年,電(dian)力裝(zhuang)機容量128萬千(qian)瓦,用電(dian)人口覆(fu)蓋率(lv)100%。以公(gong)路(lu)、航(hang)空(kong)、鐵路(lu)、管道運輸(shu)建設(she)(she)為(wei)重點(dian)的(de)(de)綜合(he)交通(tong)運輸(shu)體系逐(zhu)步完善。2014年,基本實現(xian)(xian)縣縣通(tong)公(gong)路(lu)、鄉(xiang)鄉(xiang)通(tong)公(gong)路(lu),其中62個(ge)縣通(tong)油路(lu),青(qing)藏鐵路(lu)延(yan)伸線(xian)拉薩至日喀則鐵路(lu)建成(cheng)通(tong)車。西藏已建成(cheng)通(tong)航(hang)機場5個(ge),8家航(hang)空(kong)公(gong)司在藏運營,開通(tong)國(guo)內航(hang)線(xian)45條(tiao)。遍布全區的(de)(de)光纜、衛星和長途電(dian)話(hua)網全面建成(cheng),縣以上基本實現(xian)(xian)3G通(tong)信技術全覆(fu)蓋,基本實現(xian)(xian)鄉(xiang)鄉(xiang)通(tong)寬帶、村(cun)村(cun)通(tong)電(dian)話(hua)。2013年年底(di),電(dian)話(hua)普及率(lv)達(da)到98.1部/百人,互聯網普及率(lv)為(wei)37.4%。

　　對外開放(fang)水(shui)平不斷提高。西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)經(jing)濟(ji)逐步(bu)(bu)由(you)封閉型向開放(fang)型、由(you)供給型向經(jing)營型轉變,發展(zhan)步(bu)(bu)伐基本上與(yu)全國同步(bu)(bu)。目前,西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)已經(jing)融入(ru)(ru)全國統一的市(shi)場體系(xi),來(lai)自全國和世界各(ge)地(di)的商品源源不斷地(di)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang),西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)特色商品也大量(liang)進(jin)入(ru)(ru)全國乃至世界市(shi)場。2013年,全區進(jin)出口總額為33.19億美(mei)元,赴(fu)藏(zang)(zang)旅游人(ren)數達(da)到1291萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)次,其中境外游客22萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)次。

　　——新西藏(zang)的發展(zhan)道路,是西藏(zang)優秀傳(chuan)統文(wen)化(hua)得到傳(chuan)承和弘(hong)揚(yang)之路

　　藏(zang)(zang)(zang)語(yu)言文(wen)字得到(dao)有效(xiao)保護。西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)分(fen)別于1987年(nian)、1988年(nian)、2002年(nian)通過(guo)立法(fa),將學(xue)(xue)(xue)習、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)發展藏(zang)(zang)(zang)語(yu)言文(wen)字工(gong)作納入法(fa)制化軌道。教育系(xi)統(tong)(tong)推行(xing)以(yi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)語(yu)文(wen)授(shou)課(ke)為主的雙語(yu)教學(xue)(xue)(xue)體(ti)系(xi),所有農牧區(qu)(qu)和(he)部分(fen)城鎮(zhen)小學(xue)(xue)(xue)實行(xing)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)漢語(yu)文(wen)同(tong)步(bu)教學(xue)(xue)(xue),主要課(ke)程(cheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)語(yu)授(shou)課(ke)。中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)階段也同(tong)時用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)語(yu)文(wen)和(he)漢語(yu)文(wen)授(shou)課(ke),并在(zai)(zai)內地西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)班(ban)中(zhong)(zhong)學(xue)(xue)(xue)開設藏(zang)(zang)(zang)語(yu)文(wen)課(ke)。在(zai)(zai)普通高等學(xue)(xue)(xue)校招生入學(xue)(xue)(xue)考試中(zhong)(zhong)可以(yi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)語(yu)文(wen)答卷。藏(zang)(zang)(zang)文(wen)字符計算(suan)機編碼通過(guo)國家(jia)標準和(he)國際標準,藏(zang)(zang)(zang)文(wen)編輯系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、激光(guang)照排系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、電子出版系(xi)統(tong)(tong)得到(dao)廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。藏(zang)(zang)(zang)語(yu)文(wen)在(zai)(zai)政治生活中(zhong)(zhong)得到(dao)廣(guang)泛應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。各級(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)民代表大(da)會通過(guo)的決議(yi)、法(fa)規,西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)各級(ji)(ji)人(ren)(ren)民政府及所屬部門(men)發布的正式(shi)文(wen)件和(he)公告都使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)、漢兩種文(wen)字。在(zai)(zai)司(si)法(fa)訴(su)訟程(cheng)序中(zhong)(zhong),對(dui)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)族(zu)訴(su)訟參與人(ren)(ren)都使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)語(yu)文(wen)審理案(an)件,法(fa)律文(wen)書也使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)文(wen)。國家(jia)在(zai)(zai)保護和(he)發展藏(zang)(zang)(zang)語(yu)言文(wen)字的同(tong)時,也在(zai)(zai)包括(kuo)西(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)在(zai)(zai)內的全國各地公民中(zhong)(zhong)推廣(guang)、學(xue)(xue)(xue)習和(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)國家(jia)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)語(yu)言文(wen)字,促進各民族(zu)、各地區(qu)(qu)經濟文(wen)化交流。

　　優(you)秀傳統(tong)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)得到(dao)保(bao)護(hu)和傳承(cheng)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)制定《西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)管理條例(li)》、《西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)府(fu)關于加(jia)強(qiang)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)布(bu)告》等,加(jia)強(qiang)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)。現(xian)(xian)有各類文(wen)(wen)物(wu)點4277處,國(guo)家(jia)重點文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位55處,自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)級(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位391處,市縣(xian)級(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保(bao)護(hu)單位978處,國(guo)家(jia)歷史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)名(ming)(ming)城(cheng)3座(zuo)。布(bu)達(da)拉宮、羅(luo)布(bu)林(lin)卡、大昭寺(si)被(bei)列入世界文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)名(ming)(ming)錄(lu),拉薩(sa)、日(ri)(ri)喀則、江孜被(bei)列為國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(ji)歷史(shi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)名(ming)(ming)城(cheng),西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)博(bo)物(wu)館(guan)被(bei)列為國(guo)家(jia)一級(ji)(ji)博(bo)物(wu)館(guan),西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)檔案館(guan)收藏(zang)(zang)(zang)有300多萬件重要歷史(shi)檔案。現(xian)(xian)有國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(ji)非物(wu)質文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)名(ming)(ming)錄(lu)76處,自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)級(ji)(ji)323項(xiang),地市級(ji)(ji)76項(xiang),縣(xian)級(ji)(ji)814項(xiang)。國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)(ji)非遺代表性(xing)傳承(cheng)人(ren)68名(ming)(ming),自治(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)級(ji)(ji)350名(ming)(ming),民(min)間藏(zang)(zang)(zang)戲(xi)隊(dui)117支(zhi)。格薩(sa)爾、藏(zang)(zang)(zang)戲(xi)被(bei)列入人(ren)類非物(wu)質文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)遺產(chan)(chan)(chan)代表作名(ming)(ming)錄(lu)。現(xian)(xian)代公共文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)日(ri)(ri)益普及,廣播(bo)電視綜合覆蓋率分別達(da)到(dao)94.38%、95.51%。西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)所有行政(zheng)村都有農家(jia)書屋(wu)(wu)、所有藏(zang)(zang)(zang)傳佛(fo)教寺(si)廟都有寺(si)廟書屋(wu)(wu)。2011年(nian),西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)設立文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業發展專項(xiang)資金,扶持西(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)(zang)(zang)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業發展。

　　公民(min)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)仰(yang)(yang)(yang)自由權利得到保(bao)(bao)障。西藏(zang)自治區存在(zai)藏(zang)傳(chuan)(chuan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、苯(ben)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、伊斯蘭教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和(he)天(tian)主教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)等多種宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),在(zai)藏(zang)傳(chuan)(chuan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)內(nei)部還存在(zai)寧(ning)瑪(ma)、噶舉、薩迦(jia)、格(ge)魯等不(bu)同(tong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)派(pai)(pai)。各(ge)(ge)民(min)族(zu)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)仰(yang)(yang)(yang)自由權利受到憲法和(he)法律的(de)保(bao)(bao)護。各(ge)(ge)種宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、各(ge)(ge)個教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)派(pai)(pai)都平等地得到尊(zun)重和(he)保(bao)(bao)護,實現了真正(zheng)(zheng)的(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)寬容(rong)。任何國(guo)家(jia)機(ji)關(guan)、社會團體和(he)個人不(bu)得強(qiang)制(zhi)公民(min)信(xin)(xin)(xin)仰(yang)(yang)(yang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)或者不(bu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)仰(yang)(yang)(yang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao),不(bu)得歧視信(xin)(xin)(xin)仰(yang)(yang)(yang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)公民(min)和(he)不(bu)信(xin)(xin)(xin)仰(yang)(yang)(yang)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)公民(min)。西藏(zang)現有(you)(you)各(ge)(ge)類(lei)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)場所1787座(zuo),住寺僧尼4.6萬余(yu)人,活(huo)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)358名(ming);清真寺4座(zuo),伊斯蘭教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)信(xin)(xin)(xin)徒(tu)3000余(yu)人;天(tian)主教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堂(tang)(tang)1座(zuo),信(xin)(xin)(xin)徒(tu)700余(yu)人。寺廟學經(jing)、辯經(jing)、晉(jin)升(sheng)學位、受戒、灌頂、誦經(jing)、修行等傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)正(zheng)(zheng)常進行,每(mei)逢重大宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)節日都循例舉行各(ge)(ge)種活(huo)動(dong)(dong)。信(xin)(xin)(xin)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)群眾家(jia)中普遍設(she)有(you)(you)經(jing)堂(tang)(tang)或佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)龕,轉經(jing)、朝佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)、請寺廟僧尼做法事等宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)正(zheng)(zheng)常進行。活(huo)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)轉世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)作為藏(zang)傳(chuan)(chuan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)特有(you)(you)的(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)承(cheng)方(fang)式(shi)得到國(guo)家(jia)的(de)尊(zun)重。1995年(nian),西藏(zang)自治區按(an)照宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)儀軌(gui)和(he)歷史定(ding)(ding)制(zhi),經(jing)過金瓶掣簽,報國(guo)務(wu)院批準,完成了第十世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)班禪(chan)轉世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)靈童的(de)尋訪、認定(ding)(ding)以及第十一世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)班禪(chan)的(de)冊立和(he)坐床。2007年(nian),國(guo)家(jia)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)事務(wu)局通過《藏(zang)傳(chuan)(chuan)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)轉世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)管理辦法》,進一步規范了活(huo)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)轉世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。民(min)主改革以來(lai),已有(you)(you)60余(yu)名(ming)新轉世(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)活(huo)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)(fo)按(an)歷史定(ding)(ding)制(zhi)和(he)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)儀軌(gui)得到批準認定(ding)(ding)。

　　——新(xin)西藏的(de)發(fa)展道路,是可(ke)持續(xu)發(fa)展之路

　　西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)是國家重(zhong)(zhong)要的生(sheng)態安全屏障,對亞洲(zhou)乃至世界都有著重(zhong)(zhong)要意義。多(duo)年來,西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)在發展(zhan)(zhan)過程中,始終(zhong)遵循(xun)經濟規律、社會規律和(he)自然規律,不以犧牲自然環境為代價(jia),注重(zhong)(zhong)經濟、社會、生(sheng)態的和(he)諧統一,走可持續發展(zhan)(zhan)之路。中央(yang)政(zheng)府堅持以人為本的科學發展(zhan)(zhan)觀,把環境保護(hu)放在突出位置,作為發展(zhan)(zhan)的重(zhong)(zhong)要選(xuan)項。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)自治(zhi)區政(zheng)府提出了建(jian)設(she)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)生(sheng)態安全屏障以及建(jian)設(she)生(sheng)態西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)、美麗(li)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)的戰(zhan)略目標(biao),努力(li)探索高原環境下實(shi)現西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藏(zang)可持續發展(zhan)(zhan)的新路子。

　　多年(nian)來(lai),中(zhong)(zhong)央和西(xi)藏(zang)自治(zhi)區(qu)編(bian)制(zhi)實(shi)施(shi)了(le)一系列生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)與建設(she)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua),對西(xi)藏(zang)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)與建設(she)進行(xing)全(quan)面(mian)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)與部署。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)在1998年(nian)和2000年(nian)制(zhi)定(ding)的《全(quan)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)建設(she)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》和《全(quan)國(guo)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)綱要》中(zhong)(zhong),將青藏(zang)高原凍融區(qu)作為全(quan)國(guo)八大生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)建設(she)區(qu)之一,進行(xing)專門規(gui)(gui)劃(hua),建立(li)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)措施(shi)。2009年(nian),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)政(zheng)(zheng)府(fu)通(tong)過《西(xi)藏(zang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)屏障(zhang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)與建設(she)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)(2008-2030年(nian))》,計(ji)劃(hua)投資158億(yi)元,爭取(qu)到2030年(nian)基(ji)本建成(cheng)西(xi)藏(zang)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)安(an)全(quan)屏障(zhang)。西(xi)藏(zang)自治(zhi)區(qu)編(bian)制(zhi)實(shi)施(shi)了(le)《生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)建設(she)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》、《水土保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》、《農(nong)牧區(qu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)綜合(he)整治(zhi)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》、《生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)功能區(qu)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua)》等一系列生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)與建設(she)規(gui)(gui)劃(hua),并(bing)加大通(tong)過立(li)法保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)力度,近年(nian)來(lai)修訂了(le)《西(xi)藏(zang)自治(zhi)區(qu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)條(tiao)例》,出臺(tai)了(le)《西(xi)藏(zang)自治(zhi)區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)監督管理辦(ban)法》等規(gui)(gui)章。

　　國家和(he)(he)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)地(di)方(fang)政府采(cai)取了(le)嚴(yan)格(ge)的環境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)(hu)措(cuo)施(shi)。實施(shi)天然(ran)林(lin)(lin)保護(hu)(hu)工(gong)程(cheng)、退耕還(huan)林(lin)(lin)、退牧還(huan)草工(gong)程(cheng)和(he)(he)天然(ran)草地(di)保護(hu)(hu)與建設(she)、游(you)牧民(min)定居(ju)、人工(gong)種草、草場改良(liang)等草地(di)生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)建設(she)項(xiang)目;啟(qi)動(dong)了(le)國家森(sen)林(lin)(lin)生態(tai)效益(yi)補償基金(jin),開展(zhan)了(le)防沙(sha)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)沙(sha)、水土流失(shi)和(he)(he)小流域(yu)綜合治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)及地(di)質災害防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)作。堅持慎(shen)重發展(zhan)工(gong)業(ye)的原(yuan)則,嚴(yan)格(ge)限制(zhi)高能(neng)(neng)耗、高污染、高排放(fang)行(xing)業(ye)在區(qu)(qu)內發展(zhan),推廣使用(yong)清(qing)潔能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan),努力減少溫室氣(qi)體(ti)排放(fang)。多(duo)年(nian)來,中央政府和(he)(he)西藏自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)政府采(cai)取嚴(yan)格(ge)措(cuo)施(shi),嚴(yan)禁礦產(chan)資源(yuan)(yuan)開發。2013年(nian),政府進一(yi)步嚴(yan)格(ge)環境(jing)(jing)準入,新(xin)頒(ban)布(bu)實施(shi)生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)(hu)監督管理(li)辦法、礦產(chan)資源(yuan)(yuan)勘查開發監督管理(li)辦法和(he)(he)環境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)(hu)考核(he)辦法,特別(bie)是實行(xing)了(le)礦產(chan)資源(yuan)(yuan)勘查開發自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)(qu)政府統一(yi)管理(li)和(he)(he)環境(jing)(jing)保護(hu)(hu)一(yi)票否決制(zhi)。

　　在各方面(mian)的共同努力下,西藏的生態(tai)文明建設取(qu)得明顯成效。目前,西藏的自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)面(mian)積(ji)達到41.37萬(wan)(wan)平方公(gong)(gong)里,占全區(qu)(qu)國(guo)土面(mian)積(ji)的33.9%,居(ju)全國(guo)之首;森林(lin)覆蓋(gai)率(lv)達11.91%,活林(lin)木(mu)總蓄積(ji)量(liang)居(ju)全國(guo)首位(wei);各類濕地面(mian)積(ji)600多萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),居(ju)全國(guo)首位(wei)。125種國(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野生動物、39種國(guo)家(jia)重點(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)野生植物在自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)區(qu)(qu)得到很好保(bao)護(hu)(hu)。截至2012年年底,西藏有天(tian)然(ran)(ran)草(cao)地面(mian)積(ji)8511萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing),其中可(ke)用(yong)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)草(cao)地面(mian)積(ji)6910萬(wan)(wan)公(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)。目前,西藏仍是世界(jie)上環境(jing)質量(liang)最好的地區(qu)(qu)之一(yi),大部分區(qu)(qu)域處于原生狀態(tai)。