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  • 全面建成小康社會:中國人權事業發展的光輝篇章

    cciia.org.cn  2021-8-12 11:27:15  新(xin)華網


      新(xin)華社北(bei)京8月(yue)12日電 國(guo)務(wu)院新(xin)聞辦公(gong)室12日發表《全面建成(cheng)小(xiao)康(kang)社會:中國(guo)人(ren)權(quan)事業發展(zhan)的(de)光輝篇章》白皮書。全文如下:

    全面建成小康社會:中國人權事業發展的光輝篇章

    中華人民共和國

    國務院新聞辦公室

    2021年8月

      目錄

      前言

      一(yi)、全面建成小康(kang)社會開(kai)辟人(ren)權(quan)事業新境界

      1.全面建成小康社(she)會的(de)光(guang)輝歷程

      2.全(quan)面建成小康社會(hui)的人權內(nei)涵

      3.全面建(jian)成小康社會的人權(quan)意義

      二、消除絕對(dui)貧(pin)困實(shi)現(xian)基本生活水(shui)準權

      1.貧困人口食物權得(de)到穩定保(bao)障

      2.貧困人(ren)口飲(yin)水安全得(de)到有力(li)保障

      3.貧困(kun)地區義務教育(yu)得到(dao)充分保障(zhang)

      4.貧困人口基本醫療得到(dao)有效(xiao)保(bao)障

      5.貧困人口住房安全得到切實保障

      三、以發展(zhan)促人(ren)權增進經(jing)濟社會文化權利(li)

      1.疫情防(fang)控奉行生(sheng)命至上(shang)

      2.衛(wei)生健康服(fu)務公平可及

      3.生活質量顯著提(ti)高

      4.就業更加充分

      5.公共(gong)文化服務不斷優化

      6.受(shou)教育權利得到更好保障

      7.社會(hui)保障體系覆蓋全民

      8.生(sheng)態環境(jing)持續改善(shan)

      9.人類發(fa)展(zhan)指(zhi)數大幅提升

      四、實行良法(fa)善治(zhi)維護公民權利(li)(li)政(zheng)治(zhi)權利(li)(li)

      1.拓展人民民主權利(li)

      2.保障(zhang)人身權利

      3.保障個人財產權

      4.加強人權(quan)司(si)法(fa)保障

      5.保障宗教(jiao)信仰自由

      五、促進社會公平保障(zhang)特(te)定群體權益(yi)

      1.農民權益(yi)保障(zhang)全方位改(gai)善

      2.婦女(nv)兒童老年人權益保障(zhang)持續加(jia)強

      3.少數民族權益保障(zhang)進一(yi)步完善

      4.殘疾人權益保(bao)障更加(jia)有力

      結束語

      前言

      人(ren)權(quan)(quan)是(shi)(shi)人(ren)類(lei)文明進步的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成果和標志,尊(zun)重和保(bao)障人(ren)權(quan)(quan)是(shi)(shi)現代文明的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本精(jing)神,也是(shi)(shi)中(zhong)國共產黨(dang)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)懈追求。中(zhong)國共產黨(dang)是(shi)(shi)為人(ren)民謀幸福(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)政黨(dang)。中(zhong)國共產黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)100年,是(shi)(shi)爭(zheng)取人(ren)權(quan)(quan)、尊(zun)重人(ren)權(quan)(quan)、保(bao)障人(ren)權(quan)(quan)、發展人(ren)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)100年,極大(da)提(ti)高了(le)(le)中(zhong)國人(ren)權(quan)(quan)文明水平,豐富發展了(le)(le)人(ren)類(lei)文明多樣性。

      全(quan)面建成(cheng)小(xiao)康社會(hui)是中國(guo)共(gong)產黨和中國(guo)政(zheng)府為增進人(ren)民福(fu)祉、提高(gao)全(quan)體人(ren)民人(ren)權保障(zhang)水平(ping)、實現國(guo)家(jia)現代化(hua)而(er)實施的(de)一(yi)項重大國(guo)家(jia)發展戰略。2021年7月1日(ri),中共(gong)中央總書記、國(guo)家(jia)主席習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)在北京代表黨和人(ren)民莊嚴宣告,“我(wo)們實現了(le)第一(yi)個百年奮斗目(mu)標(biao),在中華大地上(shang)全(quan)面建成(cheng)了(le)小(xiao)康社會(hui),歷史(shi)性地解決了(le)絕對貧(pin)困問題,正(zheng)在意(yi)氣風發向(xiang)著全(quan)面建成(cheng)社會(hui)主義現代化(hua)強國(guo)的(de)第二個百年奮斗目(mu)標(biao)邁進”。這(zhe)是中國(guo)人(ren)權進程中一(yi)個激動人(ren)心的(de)時(shi)刻、一(yi)個載入史(shi)冊的(de)時(shi)刻、一(yi)個繼(ji)往(wang)開來的(de)時(shi)刻。

      全(quan)面建成(cheng)小(xiao)康社會是中國(guo)共(gong)產黨不(bu)忘初心、牢記使命(ming)的真實寫照(zhao)。在中國(guo)共(gong)產黨的領導下,中國(guo)人民奮力決勝全(quan)面小(xiao)康,最終實現了從貧(pin)困到溫飽到總(zong)體(ti)小(xiao)康直到全(quan)面小(xiao)康的歷史跨越(yue)。

      全面(mian)(mian)小(xiao)康(kang)是(shi)(shi)經濟富(fu)裕、政治民主、文化(hua)繁榮、社會公平、生態良好的(de)(de)小(xiao)康(kang),是(shi)(shi)城鄉區域(yu)均衡發(fa)展、惠及全體人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民的(de)(de)小(xiao)康(kang),是(shi)(shi)切實尊(zun)重和(he)(he)全面(mian)(mian)保障人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)權的(de)(de)小(xiao)康(kang)。中國全面(mian)(mian)建成小(xiao)康(kang)社會,夯實了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)權基礎,豐富(fu)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)權內(nei)涵,拓寬(kuan)了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)權視野,意味著人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)權的(de)(de)全面(mian)(mian)發(fa)展和(he)(he)全民共享,譜寫了(le)(le)中國人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)權事業的(de)(de)新篇(pian)章(zhang),創造了(le)(le)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)類尊(zun)重和(he)(he)保障人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)權的(de)(de)奇跡。

      一、全面建成小康社會開辟人權事業新境界

      在中國(guo)(guo)(guo),“小(xiao)康(kang)(kang)”是一個古(gu)老的(de)詞(ci)匯,指(zhi)免于(yu)勞苦和匱(kui)乏,生(sheng)活水平(ping)處于(yu)溫飽(bao)與富裕之間的(de)一種較為殷(yin)實幸福的(de)狀態。享有安寧、祥和與幸福的(de)生(sheng)活是人們(men)自(zi)古(gu)以來的(de)美好愿景。改(gai)革開放之初,中國(guo)(guo)(guo)根據自(zi)身具體國(guo)(guo)(guo)情提出建設小(xiao)康(kang)(kang)社會的(de)目標,蘊含著關(guan)注和增進民(min)生(sheng)福祉、保(bao)障和促進人權的(de)豐富內涵。全面建成小(xiao)康(kang)(kang)社會開辟了全面保(bao)障人權的(de)新時代。

      1.全(quan)面建成小(xiao)康社會(hui)的光輝(hui)歷程

      建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)小(xiao)康社會是20世紀80年代以來,中(zhong)國共(gong)(gong)產黨領導中(zhong)國實(shi)現國家富強、民(min)族(zu)復興、人民(min)幸福的宏偉(wei)戰略(lve)。基于(yu)對中(zhong)國發(fa)展(zhan)實(shi)際的分析和判(pan)斷(duan),中(zhong)國共(gong)(gong)產黨提出堅持以經(jing)濟建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)心,通過經(jing)濟發(fa)展(zhan)帶動(dong)整(zheng)個社會進步。從那時起,“小(xiao)康”“全面建(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)小(xiao)康社會”“全面建(jian)(jian)成小(xiao)康社會”成為(wei)(wei)中(zhong)國共(gong)(gong)產黨和中(zhong)國政(zheng)府的階段性(xing)奮斗目標。

      1979年(nian)(nian)12月,鄧小平提出建設“小康之家(jia)”的(de)(de)設想,創造性地借用(yong)“小康”這個(ge)富有中(zhong)國傳(chuan)統文(wen)化特色的(de)(de)概念來表述(shu)“中(zhong)國式(shi)的(de)(de)現代化”的(de)(de)重要(yao)內(nei)容與目標。1982年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)共十二(er)大報告(gao)明(ming)確,從1981年(nian)(nian)到20世(shi)紀末的(de)(de)二(er)十年(nian)(nian),力(li)爭使(shi)全國工農業的(de)(de)年(nian)(nian)總產值(zhi)翻兩番,解(jie)決人民的(de)(de)溫飽問(wen)題(ti)。1992年(nian)(nian)中(zhong)共十四大報告(gao)指出,11億人民的(de)(de)溫飽問(wen)題(ti)已經基本解(jie)決,正在(zai)向小康邁進。

      2002年(nian)中共十六大報(bao)告宣告,“人(ren)民(min)生活(huo)總(zong)體上實現了由溫飽(bao)到小(xiao)康的(de)歷史(shi)性跨(kua)越”,并進(jin)一步(bu)提出“全(quan)(quan)面建(jian)設(she)小(xiao)康社會”的(de)目標:在(zai)本世紀頭二(er)十年(nian),集(ji)中力量,全(quan)(quan)面建(jian)設(she)惠及十幾(ji)億人(ren)口的(de)更(geng)高(gao)水平(ping)的(de)小(xiao)康社會,使經濟更(geng)加(jia)發展、民(min)主(zhu)更(geng)加(jia)健全(quan)(quan)、科教更(geng)加(jia)進(jin)步(bu)、文化更(geng)加(jia)繁榮、社會更(geng)加(jia)和(he)諧(xie)、人(ren)民(min)生活(huo)更(geng)加(jia)殷實。

      2012年中(zhong)共十八大報告(gao)進(jin)一步提(ti)出“確保到2020年實現全(quan)面建成小康社(she)(she)會(hui)宏偉目(mu)標”,實現經濟(ji)持續(xu)健康發展,人民(min)民(min)主不斷(duan)擴大,人權得(de)到切實尊重和保障,文化(hua)軟實力顯著(zhu)增強,人民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)活水平(ping)全(quan)面提(ti)高,資源(yuan)節約型、環境友好型社(she)(she)會(hui)建設(she)取得(de)重大進(jin)展。2017年中(zhong)共十九大報告(gao)提(ti)出決(jue)勝(sheng)全(quan)面建成小康社(she)(she)會(hui),要(yao)求緊扣中(zhong)國社(she)(she)會(hui)主要(yao)矛盾變化(hua),統(tong)籌推進(jin)經濟(ji)建設(she)、政治建設(she)、文化(hua)建設(she)、社(she)(she)會(hui)建設(she)、生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明建設(she),攻(gong)堅(jian)克(ke)難(nan),使全(quan)面建成小康社(she)(she)會(hui)得(de)到人民(min)認可、經得(de)起歷(li)史檢驗。

      2021年7月1日,中(zhong)共中(zhong)央總(zong)書(shu)記(ji)、國家(jia)主(zhu)席習(xi)近平在(zai)北京代表黨和(he)人民莊嚴(yan)宣告,在(zai)中(zhong)華大地上(shang)全面建成了小康社會。

      小康社會(hui)的全(quan)面建成(cheng),標志著中(zhong)華民族偉大(da)復興中(zhong)國夢(meng)邁出關鍵一步,實現(xian)了中(zhong)國共產黨和中(zhong)國政府向人民、向歷(li)史(shi)作出的莊(zhuang)嚴承諾。

      2.全面建成(cheng)小康社會的人權內涵(han)

      全面建成小康社(she)會(hui)的(de)進(jin)程,也是中(zhong)國人(ren)權(quan)事業全方位發展(zhan)的(de)進(jin)程,始終體現和包含(han)著(zhu)解(jie)放(fang)人(ren)、保障人(ren)、發展(zhan)人(ren)的(de)戰(zhan)略、目標和任務。

      全(quan)面(mian)建成小(xiao)康社會首(shou)先(xian)要(yao)(yao)保障(zhang)生存權(quan)(quan)。生存是(shi)享有一切人(ren)權(quan)(quan)的(de)基礎。小(xiao)康社會建設將(jiang)解決(jue)溫飽問(wen)題、保障(zhang)生存權(quan)(quan)作為首(shou)要(yao)(yao)目標,不斷滿足人(ren)民(min)日益增長的(de)物質文(wen)化(hua)需要(yao)(yao)。在全(quan)面(mian)建成小(xiao)康社會進程(cheng)中(zhong),人(ren)民(min)生活(huo)質量顯著提高,衣食(shi)住行用(yong)都有較大改(gai)善,生存權(quan)(quan)保障(zhang)水(shui)平穩步提升。

      全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)建成小康社會必然(ran)要實現各(ge)類人(ren)權(quan)協(xie)調發展(zhan)。全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)小康強調保(bao)(bao)障物質文(wen)明(ming)、政治文(wen)明(ming)、精神文(wen)明(ming)、社會文(wen)明(ming)、生態文(wen)明(ming)建設成果惠及(ji)人(ren)民。堅(jian)持(chi)人(ren)權(quan)相互依存、不(bu)可分割的基本(ben)原則,既保(bao)(bao)護經濟社會文(wen)化(hua)權(quan)利,又保(bao)(bao)障公民人(ren)身權(quan)、人(ren)格權(quan)、財(cai)產權(quan)和民主政治權(quan)利,全(quan)(quan)方位增進各(ge)類人(ren)權(quan)和基本(ben)自(zi)由(you)。

      全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)建成(cheng)小康(kang)社(she)會(hui)就是要促進所(suo)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)的人(ren)(ren)權(quan)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)小康(kang),本質上是全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)民共享(xiang)人(ren)(ren)權(quan)的小康(kang)。在全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)建成(cheng)小康(kang)社(she)會(hui)的歷史進程(cheng)中(zhong),中(zhong)國(guo)構建起機會(hui)公(gong)平(ping)(ping)、規則(ze)公(gong)平(ping)(ping)和權(quan)利(li)公(gong)平(ping)(ping)的社(she)會(hui)公(gong)平(ping)(ping)體系,切實保(bao)障人(ren)(ren)民平(ping)(ping)等(deng)參與(yu)發展、共同(tong)促進發展、共享(xiang)發展成(cheng)果。中(zhong)國(guo)共產(chan)黨和中(zhong)國(guo)政府堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持人(ren)(ren)權(quan)主體的普(pu)遍性,確(que)保(bao)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)小康(kang)路(lu)上不讓(rang)一個(ge)人(ren)(ren)掉隊;堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持共同(tong)富(fu)裕方針,通過一部分人(ren)(ren)先富(fu)帶動全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)體人(ren)(ren)民共富(fu),讓(rang)發展成(cheng)果平(ping)(ping)等(deng)惠(hui)及全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)民,實現分配正義;堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持法律面(mian)前(qian)人(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)和不歧視原則(ze),確(que)保(bao)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)體公(gong)民不分民族、種(zhong)族、性別(bie)、職業、家(jia)庭出身(shen)、宗(zong)教(jiao)信仰、教(jiao)育程(cheng)度、財產(chan)狀況(kuang)、居住期限,一律、無差(cha)別(bie)地享(xiang)有(you)(you)人(ren)(ren)權(quan),受到同(tong)等(deng)的尊重(zhong);堅(jian)(jian)(jian)持保(bao)護弱勢群體,以堅(jian)(jian)(jian)定決(jue)心、精(jing)準(zhun)思路(lu)、有(you)(you)力措施(shi),舉全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)社(she)會(hui)之力,向(xiang)絕(jue)對貧困(kun)發起總攻,重(zhong)點保(bao)障貧困(kun)地區、貧困(kun)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)的基本權(quan)利(li)。

      3.全面(mian)建成(cheng)小康(kang)社(she)會的人權(quan)意(yi)義

      人權是善治之本。中(zhong)國全(quan)面建成小康社會(hui),始終堅持尊重人權、保障人權、促進人權的價值遵循,將增加人民的獲得感、幸福感、安全(quan)感作為(wei)出發(fa)點和落腳點。

      全(quan)(quan)面(mian)建成(cheng)小(xiao)康(kang)(kang)社(she)(she)會(hui)為(wei)人權(quan)保(bao)障(zhang)與發展(zhan)奠定了堅(jian)實(shi)物質基(ji)(ji)礎。在(zai)(zai)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)建成(cheng)小(xiao)康(kang)(kang)社(she)(she)會(hui)進程中(zhong),中(zhong)國(guo)堅(jian)定不(bu)移貫徹新發展(zhan)理念,保(bao)持經濟(ji)長(chang)期(qi)快速增長(chang),穩定解(jie)決了十幾億人的(de)溫飽問題(ti);破除城鄉(xiang)二元結(jie)構,改革收入(ru)分配格(ge)局,人民收入(ru)水平(ping)(ping)不(bu)斷提升;開展(zhan)精準(zhun)扶(fu)貧(pin)、精準(zhun)脫貧(pin),決勝脫貧(pin)攻堅(jian),加強對各類弱勢群體的(de)保(bao)護(hu);基(ji)(ji)本(ben)建立覆蓋全(quan)(quan)民的(de)社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)障(zhang)體系,人民健康(kang)(kang)和醫療(liao)衛生(sheng)水平(ping)(ping)大(da)(da)幅(fu)提高(gao);建設完善(shan)(shan)公共文(wen)化服務(wu)體系,全(quan)(quan)面(mian)實(shi)現城鄉(xiang)免費義務(wu)教育,構建高(gao)效泛在(zai)(zai)的(de)信息網絡;加快生(sheng)態文(wen)明建設,實(shi)施(shi)環境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)國(guo)策,污染防(fang)治力度加大(da)(da),生(sheng)態環境(jing)明顯改善(shan)(shan)。全(quan)(quan)面(mian)建成(cheng)小(xiao)康(kang)(kang)社(she)(she)會(hui),經濟(ji)、社(she)(she)會(hui)、文(wen)化、環境(jing)權(quan)利更加公平(ping)(ping)可及(ji),各類主體在(zai)(zai)經濟(ji)、政治、社(she)(she)會(hui)和文(wen)化等領域的(de)平(ping)(ping)等參與和平(ping)(ping)等發展(zhan),更加切實(shi)和順暢便(bian)捷。

      全(quan)面(mian)建(jian)成小康社(she)(she)會為(wei)人權(quan)保(bao)障(zhang)與發(fa)展奠定了堅實民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)基礎(chu)。堅持中國(guo)共(gong)(gong)產黨領(ling)導、人民(min)(min)當(dang)家作主(zhu)(zhu)、依法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)國(guo)有(you)機(ji)統一,黨的(de)領(ling)導體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)更(geng)加(jia)完善,人民(min)(min)代表(biao)大會制(zhi)(zhi)度、中國(guo)共(gong)(gong)產黨領(ling)導的(de)多黨合作和(he)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)協商制(zhi)(zhi)度、民(min)(min)族區域自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度、基層群眾自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度穩步發(fa)展。社(she)(she)會主(zhu)(zhu)義民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)(zhi)度化、規(gui)范化、法(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)化、程序化建(jian)設不(bu)斷推進,民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)形式更(geng)加(jia)豐(feng)富(fu),民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)渠(qu)道更(geng)加(jia)暢通,共(gong)(gong)建(jian)共(gong)(gong)享的(de)社(she)(she)會治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)格局初步構(gou)建(jian),人民(min)(min)當(dang)家作主(zhu)(zhu)落實到(dao)國(guo)家政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)生活(huo)和(he)社(she)(she)會生活(huo)之(zhi)中,公民(min)(min)權(quan)利(li)更(geng)有(you)保(bao)障(zhang),民(min)(min)主(zhu)(zhu)政(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)權(quan)利(li)更(geng)加(jia)充分。

      全(quan)面建成小(xiao)康社(she)(she)會推(tui)動了人權(quan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)保(bao)障(zhang)持續加強。“國(guo)家尊重和(he)保(bao)障(zhang)人權(quan)”載(zai)入憲法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),成為(wei)治(zhi)國(guo)理政(zheng)重要原則。全(quan)面推(tui)進依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)國(guo)上升(sheng)(sheng)為(wei)國(guo)家戰略(lve),保(bao)證憲法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)全(quan)面實(shi)施的體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)不斷健全(quan),科學(xue)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、嚴(yan)格執法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、公正司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、全(quan)民守(shou)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)深入推(tui)進,法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)國(guo)家、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)政(zheng)府、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)社(she)(she)會建設相互促進,中國(guo)特色社(she)(she)會主義法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)體(ti)系日益完善,全(quan)社(she)(she)會法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)觀(guan)念(nian)明顯(xian)增(zeng)強。行政(zheng)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)、國(guo)家監察(cha)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)、司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改革(ge)取得實(shi)效,權(quan)力(li)運行制(zhi)(zhi)約和(he)監督體(ti)系建設有效實(shi)施。人權(quan)保(bao)障(zhang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)化水平不斷提升(sheng)(sheng)。

      全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)建成小(xiao)康(kang)社會培育(yu)了(le)全(quan)(quan)社會尊重(zhong)和(he)保障(zhang)人權(quan)的文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)建成小(xiao)康(kang)社會,推動(dong)了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)華優秀傳(chuan)統文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)的創造性轉化(hua)(hua)(hua)、創新性發(fa)展(zhan),社會主(zhu)義核心(xin)價(jia)值(zhi)觀深入人心(xin),公共文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)服務水平(ping)不斷(duan)提高,文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)事業和(he)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)產業蓬勃發(fa)展(zhan)。全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)建成小(xiao)康(kang)社會,更好構筑了(le)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)精神、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)價(jia)值(zhi)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)力量(liang),文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)自(zi)信(xin)得到(dao)彰顯,國(guo)家(jia)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)軟實力和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)華文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)影響(xiang)力大(da)幅提升(sheng)。全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)建成小(xiao)康(kang)社會的過(guo)(guo)程,也是(shi)每一個人對自(zi)身價(jia)值(zhi)、人格尊嚴和(he)主(zhu)體(ti)地位認識不斷(duan)提升(sheng)的過(guo)(guo)程,促進了(le)尊重(zhong)和(he)保障(zhang)人權(quan)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)(hua)氛圍(wei)的形成。

      二、消除絕對貧困實現基本生活水準權

      貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)是實(shi)(shi)現人(ren)權的最(zui)(zui)大障礙。中(zhong)國共產黨和中(zhong)國政府高度關(guan)注農村(cun)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)問題,持續推進(jin)扶貧(pin)(pin)(pin)開發事業(ye),在(zai)消除貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)道路上(shang)不斷取得新突破。中(zhong)共十八大以來,中(zhong)國政府把貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)人(ren)口全部脫貧(pin)(pin)(pin)作為全面建成(cheng)小康(kang)社會的底線任(ren)務(wu)(wu)和標(biao)志性指標(biao),組織實(shi)(shi)施(shi)了人(ren)類歷史上(shang)規(gui)模空(kong)前、力度最(zui)(zui)大、惠及(ji)人(ren)口最(zui)(zui)多的脫貧(pin)(pin)(pin)攻堅戰,完成(cheng)了消除絕對貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)的艱巨任(ren)務(wu)(wu)。

      根(gen)據中(zhong)(zhong)國農村(cun)居民每人(ren)(ren)每年生活水(shui)平在2300元以(yi)下(2010年不變價)的(de)現行(xing)貧(pin)(pin)困標準,經過中(zhong)(zhong)共十(shi)八大以(yi)來8年持續奮斗,到2020年底,中(zhong)(zhong)國現行(xing)標準下9899萬(wan)農村(cun)貧(pin)(pin)困人(ren)(ren)口(kou)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)脫貧(pin)(pin),832個貧(pin)(pin)困縣全(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)摘(zhai)帽,12.8萬(wan)個貧(pin)(pin)困村(cun)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)(bu)出(chu)列,區域(yu)性整(zheng)體貧(pin)(pin)困得到解決。改革開放以(yi)來,按(an)照現行(xing)貧(pin)(pin)困標準計(ji)算,中(zhong)(zhong)國7.7億(yi)農村(cun)貧(pin)(pin)困人(ren)(ren)口(kou)擺脫貧(pin)(pin)困;按(an)照世界銀行(xing)國際(ji)貧(pin)(pin)困標準,中(zhong)(zhong)國減貧(pin)(pin)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)占同(tong)期全(quan)(quan)球減貧(pin)(pin)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)70%以(yi)上。中(zhong)(zhong)國提前(qian)10年實現《聯合國2030年可(ke)持續發(fa)展(zhan)議程》減貧(pin)(pin)目(mu)標,為全(quan)(quan)球減貧(pin)(pin)事業發(fa)展(zhan)和(he)人(ren)(ren)類發(fa)展(zhan)進(jin)步作(zuo)出(chu)了重大貢獻。

      1.貧(pin)困人口食(shi)物(wu)權得到穩定保(bao)障

      中國(guo)(guo)政府通過發展農(nong)(nong)業(ye)生產(chan)奠定免于饑餓(e)的(de)堅實基礎。建(jian)設現代農(nong)(nong)業(ye)產(chan)業(ye)技術體系,提(ti)升(sheng)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)綜合生產(chan)能力,實現農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品產(chan)量穩(wen)定增(zeng)(zeng)長,解(jie)決食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)匱乏(fa)和營(ying)(ying)養(yang)不良問題(ti)。全(quan)國(guo)(guo)糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)總產(chan)量由1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)11318萬噸(dun)提(ti)高(gao)到2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)66949萬噸(dun)。目前,全(quan)國(guo)(guo)人均(jun)糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)占有量超過474.4公(gong)斤(jin),高(gao)于人均(jun)400公(gong)斤(jin)的(de)國(guo)(guo)際糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)標準(zhun)線。通過增(zeng)(zeng)加收(shou)入保障(zhang)貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)人口糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)獲取。建(jian)立精準(zhun)扶貧(pin)、精準(zhun)脫貧(pin)機(ji)制(zhi)。貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)地(di)區農(nong)(nong)村(cun)居民人均(jun)可支配收(shou)入,從(cong)2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)6079元增(zeng)(zeng)長到2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)12588元,2013年(nian)(nian)(nian)至2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)增(zeng)(zeng)長11.6%。貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)人口糧谷(gu)類食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)攝入量穩(wen)定增(zeng)(zeng)加,“不愁(chou)吃”問題(ti)基本(ben)解(jie)決,重點貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)群(qun)體健(jian)康營(ying)(ying)養(yang)狀況明顯(xian)改(gai)善(shan)(shan)(shan),免于饑餓(e)的(de)基本(ben)權利得(de)以切實保障(zhang)。通過營(ying)(ying)養(yang)改(gai)善(shan)(shan)(shan)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua)保障(zhang)貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)兒童(tong)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)供(gong)(gong)給。實施貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)地(di)區兒童(tong)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)改(gai)善(shan)(shan)(shan)項目,為集中連片特殊(shu)困(kun)(kun)難地(di)區6-24月齡(ling)嬰幼兒每天免費提(ti)供(gong)(gong)1包輔食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)補(bu)充品,截至2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)累計(ji)(ji)1120萬兒童(tong)受益(yi)。實施農(nong)(nong)村(cun)義務教(jiao)育學(xue)生營(ying)(ying)養(yang)改(gai)善(shan)(shan)(shan)計(ji)(ji)劃(hua),為學(xue)生提(ti)供(gong)(gong)營(ying)(ying)養(yang)膳食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)補(bu)助,覆蓋(gai)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)義務教(jiao)育階(jie)段學(xue)校13.2萬所,每年(nian)(nian)(nian)惠及(ji)3800余萬名學(xue)生。

      2.貧困人口飲水安全(quan)得到有力保障

      2005年以(yi)來(lai),中(zhong)國政府(fu)投(tou)入大量財政資金實施(shi)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)安(an)全(quan)工(gong)程,到2015年末共解決(jue)(jue)(jue)了(le)5.2億農(nong)(nong)村(cun)居民和(he)4700多萬農(nong)(nong)村(cun)學校師生的飲(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)安(an)全(quan)問題(ti)(ti)。農(nong)(nong)村(cun)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)安(an)全(quan)問題(ti)(ti)基本得到解決(jue)(jue)(jue)。“十三五”規劃期間(jian),又(you)實施(shi)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)安(an)全(quan)鞏固提升工(gong)程,累計解決(jue)(jue)(jue)2889萬貧(pin)困人口(kou)(kou)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)安(an)全(quan)問題(ti)(ti),3.82億農(nong)(nong)村(cun)人口(kou)(kou)受益。貧(pin)困地區自來(lai)水(shui)(shui)普及(ji)率從2015年的70%提高到2020年的83%。各地通過實施(shi)水(shui)(shui)源置換、凈化處理、易地搬遷等措施(shi),累計解決(jue)(jue)(jue)952萬農(nong)(nong)村(cun)人口(kou)(kou)飲(yin)(yin)(yin)水(shui)(shui)型氟超標(biao)問題(ti)(ti)。

      3.貧困地區義務教育得到充分保障

      深入實(shi)(shi)施《教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育脫貧(pin)(pin)(pin)攻堅“十三五”規劃(hua)》和(he)《深度貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育脫貧(pin)(pin)(pin)攻堅實(shi)(shi)施方案(an)(2018-2020年(nian))》,實(shi)(shi)現義(yi)(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育有保障,阻斷貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)代際傳遞。大(da)力改善貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)義(yi)(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)辦(ban)學(xue)條件(jian),持(chi)續提(ti)升(sheng)義(yi)(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)辦(ban)學(xue)水平和(he)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育質量。全國中小學(xue)(含教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)學(xue)點(dian))互聯網接入率(lv)達到100%,擁有多(duo)媒體(ti)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)室(shi)的(de)學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)比例達到95.3%。實(shi)(shi)施農村義(yi)(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)特(te)設崗位計(ji)劃(hua),吸引更(geng)多(duo)優秀高校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)畢(bi)業生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)到農村貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)任教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。連片(pian)特(te)困(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)鄉(xiang)村教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)補(bu)助(zhu)惠及8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)多(duo)所學(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)、127萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)名教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi),累計(ji)選派19萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)名教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)師(shi)到邊遠貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)、邊疆民族地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)支教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。建(jian)立健全學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資助(zhu)體(ti)系,不(bu)斷提(ti)高學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)資助(zhu)精準度,對義(yi)(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育階(jie)段建(jian)檔(dang)立卡家(jia)庭(ting)經(jing)濟(ji)困(kun)(kun)難學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)全部給予生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)費補(bu)助(zhu)。全國每年(nian)約1.5億城(cheng)鄉(xiang)義(yi)(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)免(mian)除雜費并獲(huo)得免(mian)費教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)科書,約2500萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)家(jia)庭(ting)經(jing)濟(ji)困(kun)(kun)難學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)獲(huo)得生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)補(bu)助(zhu),約1400萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)進城(cheng)務(wu)(wu)工(gong)人員隨遷子女實(shi)(shi)現相關教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育經(jing)費可攜帶。農村貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)家(jia)庭(ting)子女義(yi)(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育階(jie)段輟學(xue)問(wen)題實(shi)(shi)現動態清零,2020年(nian)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)(kun)縣九(jiu)年(nian)義(yi)(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育鞏固(gu)率(lv)達到94.8%。

      4.貧困人口基本醫(yi)療得到有效(xiao)保障

      實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)健康扶貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)工程,采取(qu)綜合(he)措施(shi)(shi)(shi),保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障農(nong)村(cun)(cun)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)人(ren)口(kou)享有(you)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)(ben)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)衛生(sheng)服(fu)務(wu),著力提高農(nong)村(cun)(cun)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)人(ren)口(kou)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障水平,緩解因(yin)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)致(zhi)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)因(yin)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)返貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)問題(ti)。持續完(wan)善縣鄉村(cun)(cun)三級醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)衛生(sheng)服(fu)務(wu)體系,除符合(he)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)(ben)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)有(you)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障標準、可不設立的(de)外,實(shi)現每個(ge)(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)和每個(ge)(ge)行政村(cun)(cun)都有(you)一個(ge)(ge)衛生(sheng)院(yuan)和衛生(sheng)室并配備合(he)格(ge)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)生(sheng),每個(ge)(ge)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)縣至(zhi)少有(you)1家(jia)公(gong)立醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan);98%的(de)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)縣至(zhi)少有(you)一家(jia)二級以上醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan);貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)群眾常見病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、慢性(xing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)(ben)能夠就近(jin)獲得及時診(zhen)治。把(ba)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)人(ren)口(kou)全部納入基(ji)(ji)本(ben)(ben)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)、大病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)、醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)救(jiu)助(zhu)三重(zhong)制度保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障范(fan)圍,貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)人(ren)口(kou)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)(ben)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)參保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)率穩定在(zai)99.9%以上,基(ji)(ji)本(ben)(ben)實(shi)現應保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)盡保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)。實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)大病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)集中(zhong)救(jiu)治、慢病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)簽約管理、重(zhong)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)兜(dou)底保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障等措施(shi)(shi)(shi),農(nong)村(cun)(cun)貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)人(ren)口(kou)大病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)專項救(jiu)治病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)種數量增加到30種,包(bao)括兒童先心(xin)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、兒童白血病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、胃癌、食道癌、結腸(chang)癌、重(zhong)性(xing)精(jing)神疾(ji)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)等。2000多萬貧(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)困(kun)患者得到分類救(jiu)治,曾經被病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)魔困(kun)擾的(de)家(jia)庭(ting)挺起了(le)生(sheng)活的(de)脊(ji)梁。

      5.貧困人口住房安全得到切實(shi)保障

      通過農村危房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)改造(zao)、建(jian)設集體公租房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)等(deng)措施,幫(bang)助(zhu)數千萬貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)農民(min)告別原來的(de)破舊泥草(cao)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)、土坯房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)等(deng)危房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),住(zhu)(zhu)上安(an)(an)全房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),農房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)抗震防(fang)災(zai)能力和居住(zhu)(zhu)舒適度得到顯(xian)著(zhu)提升(sheng),農村貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)人(ren)口住(zhu)(zhu)有所居和基本住(zhu)(zhu)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)全得到切實(shi)保障。其中,2008年至2020年,中央財政累(lei)計投(tou)入2842.5億元補助(zhu)資金,支持2762.2萬戶建(jian)檔立卡貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)戶、低保戶、農村分(fen)散供(gong)養(yang)特困(kun)(kun)(kun)人(ren)員、貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)殘(can)疾人(ren)家庭等(deng)貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)群(qun)眾改造(zao)危房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang),幫(bang)助(zhu)8000多萬農村貧(pin)困(kun)(kun)(kun)人(ren)口住(zhu)(zhu)上了安(an)(an)全住(zhu)(zhu)房(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)。

      三、以發展促人權增進經濟社會文化權利

      在全面建(jian)成(cheng)小康(kang)社會(hui)進程中(zhong),中(zhong)國(guo)堅(jian)持以(yi)發展促人權,推動全面落實經濟(ji)社會(hui)權利(li)(li)(li)、文化教育權利(li)(li)(li)以(yi)及生(sheng)態環境權利(li)(li)(li),人民生(sheng)活更加(jia)富足(zu)安康(kang)、和(he)諧幸福。

      1.疫情(qing)防(fang)控奉行生命(ming)至上

      新冠肺(fei)炎疫情(qing)是百年以來人(ren)(ren)類經歷的最(zui)嚴重的全(quan)球公共衛生(sheng)(sheng)突發(fa)事件。中國堅(jian)持人(ren)(ren)民至上、生(sheng)(sheng)命至上,不惜付出巨(ju)大經濟社會代價,在疫情(qing)暴發(fa)之初就采(cai)取(qu)最(zui)全(quan)面最(zui)嚴格最(zui)有力的防(fang)控措(cuo)施,有力扭轉了(le)疫情(qing)局勢,維護人(ren)(ren)民生(sheng)(sheng)命安(an)全(quan)和身(shen)體健康(kang)。

      疫情暴發初期,中國(guo)舉全國(guo)之力實施(shi)了(le)規模(mo)空前(qian)的(de)生命(ming)(ming)大救援,從(cong)全國(guo)調(diao)(diao)集最優秀(xiu)的(de)醫(yi)生、最先進(jin)的(de)設(she)備、最急(ji)需的(de)資源千里(li)馳援武漢市和(he)(he)湖(hu)北省(sheng)。2020年1月(yue)24日至3月(yue)8日,全國(guo)共(gong)調(diao)(diao)集346支國(guo)家醫(yi)療隊、4.26萬名醫(yi)務人員、900多(duo)(duo)名公共(gong)衛生人員馳援湖(hu)北;緊(jin)急(ji)調(diao)(diao)集4萬名建(jian)設(she)者(zhe)和(he)(he)幾千臺機械設(she)備,分(fen)別(bie)僅用十多(duo)(duo)天(tian)時(shi)間(jian)就建(jian)成了(le)有(you)1000張病床的(de)火神(shen)(shen)山(shan)醫(yi)院、有(you)1600張病床的(de)雷神(shen)(shen)山(shan)醫(yi)院和(he)(he)共(gong)有(you)1.4萬余張床位的(de)16座方艙(cang)醫(yi)院。湖(hu)北省(sheng)共(gong)成功治愈(yu)3000余位80歲以(yi)上(shang)(shang)、7位百歲以(yi)上(shang)(shang)患(huan)者(zhe),多(duo)(duo)位重(zhong)癥(zheng)老年患(huan)者(zhe)都是從(cong)死亡(wang)線上(shang)(shang)搶救回來,充分(fen)體(ti)現了(le)對每一個生命(ming)(ming)的(de)尊重(zhong)和(he)(he)保護。

      全力以赴救(jiu)治(zhi)患(huan)者,不遺漏每一個感染者,不放棄每一位病患(huan)者,及時出臺救(jiu)治(zhi)費用保障政策,確保患(huan)者不因費用問題影響就(jiu)醫、醫療(liao)機構不因費用問題影響收治(zhi),最大程度(du)提高了治(zhi)愈率(lv),降低(di)了病亡率(lv)。堅持常態化精準防控和(he)局(ju)部(bu)應急處(chu)置有機結合,不斷鞏固疫(yi)情(qing)防控成果。大力推進新冠疫(yi)苗(miao)接(jie)種,加快構筑免(mian)疫(yi)屏(ping)障。

      2.衛生健康服務公平可及

      沒有(you)(you)全(quan)民健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang),就沒有(you)(you)全(quan)面小(xiao)康(kang)(kang)。中(zhong)國把人民健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)放(fang)在優先發展(zhan)的(de)戰略(lve)位置(zhi),實施健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)中(zhong)國戰略(lve),推(tui)進健(jian)(jian)康(kang)(kang)中(zhong)國行動,推(tui)行普惠高效的(de)基本公(gong)共衛生服(fu)務(wu),不(bu)斷(duan)提升醫(yi)療(liao)衛生服(fu)務(wu)的(de)公(gong)平(ping)性、可及性、便利(li)性和可負擔性。

      公(gong)共衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)服務(wu)體(ti)系基本(ben)形(xing)成。全國醫療(liao)(liao)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)機構(gou)(gou)(包含(han)醫院、基層醫療(liao)(liao)機構(gou)(gou)、專(zhuan)業公(gong)共衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)機構(gou)(gou))由(you)1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)17萬(wan)個大(da)幅增(zeng)長到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)102.3萬(wan)個。包括疾病(bing)預防(fang)控制(zhi)、健康教育、婦幼保健、精神衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)防(fang)治、應(ying)急救治、采供血、衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)監督等(deng)各種專(zhuan)業機構(gou)(gou)在(zai)(zai)內的(de)公(gong)共衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)服務(wu)體(ti)系基本(ben)形(xing)成。公(gong)共衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)服務(wu)范圍不斷擴(kuo)大(da)。城鄉居(ju)民(min)免費享受的(de)基本(ben)公(gong)共衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)服務(wu)項目(mu)由(you)2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)9類擴(kuo)展到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)12類,項目(mu)內容覆蓋居(ju)民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)命的(de)全過(guo)程。持(chi)續實(shi)施腦卒中、心血管疾病(bing)高(gao)危(wei)篩查(cha)、口腔(qiang)疾病(bing)綜合干預、癌癥早(zao)診(zhen)早(zao)治等(deng)項目(mu),慢性病(bing)防(fang)控效果顯著增(zeng)強。主要傳染性疾病(bing)得到(dao)有效遏制(zhi)。通過(guo)提升(sheng)免疫規劃疫苗接種率,中國在(zai)(zai)2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)消(xiao)(xiao)滅了脊髓(sui)灰(hui)質(zhi)炎(yan),在(zai)(zai)2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)消(xiao)(xiao)除了新生(sheng)(sheng)兒破(po)傷(shang)風(feng),在(zai)(zai)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)消(xiao)(xiao)除了瘧疾,2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)被世界衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)組(zu)織認證為(wei)無瘧疾國家。艾滋病(bing)整體(ti)疫情控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)低(di)流行水平,結核病(bing)成功治療(liao)(liao)率保持(chi)在(zai)(zai)90%以上。

      醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)服(fu)務(wu)體系不斷健全(quan)(quan)。中國(guo)致力于(yu)建(jian)立(li)優質(zhi)高效的整合(he)型醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)服(fu)務(wu)體系,改善醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)資(zi)源(yuan)的可及(ji)性和(he)便利性,提高醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)服(fu)務(wu)質(zhi)量和(he)效率,居民就醫(yi)(yi)感受明顯改善。2020年,全(quan)(quan)國(guo)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)機構床(chuang)位總數(shu)達(da)911萬張(zhang)(zhang),其中醫(yi)(yi)院713萬張(zhang)(zhang),鄉鎮衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)院139萬張(zhang)(zhang);衛(wei)(wei)生(sheng)技術人(ren)(ren)(ren)員總數(shu)達(da)1066萬人(ren)(ren)(ren),其中執業醫(yi)(yi)師和(he)執業助理(li)醫(yi)(yi)師408萬人(ren)(ren)(ren),注冊護士471萬人(ren)(ren)(ren);全(quan)(quan)年總診(zhen)療(liao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)次78.2億人(ren)(ren)(ren)次,孕產婦產前檢查率達(da)96.8%,住院分(fen)(fen)娩(mian)率為99.9%。合(he)理(li)配置醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)資(zi)源(yuan),構建(jian)“基(ji)(ji)層首診(zhen)、雙(shuang)向轉診(zhen)、急慢分(fen)(fen)治、上下聯(lian)動”的分(fen)(fen)級(ji)診(zhen)療(liao)服(fu)務(wu)體系。取消(xiao)以藥(yao)補醫(yi)(yi)機制,建(jian)立(li)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)藥(yao)物制度,各(ge)級(ji)各(ge)類公立(li)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)機構全(quan)(quan)面配備優先使(shi)用(yong)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)藥(yao)物,實行零差率銷售。

      人(ren)民(min)健(jian)(jian)康指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)穩步改(gai)善。居(ju)民(min)主要健(jian)(jian)康指(zhi)標(biao)(biao)總體上優于(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)高收入國家平均水平。中(zhong)(zhong)國人(ren)均預期(qi)(qi)壽命從(cong)1981年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)67.8歲(sui)增長(chang)到(dao)2019年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)77.3歲(sui)。嬰兒死亡率(lv)從(cong)改(gai)革開放初期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)37.6‰下(xia)降(jiang)到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)5.4‰。孕產婦死亡率(lv)從(cong)2002年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)43.2/10萬下(xia)降(jiang)到(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)16.9/10萬,被(bei)世界衛(wei)生(sheng)組織譽(yu)為“發展中(zhong)(zhong)國家的(de)(de)典范”“婦幼(you)健(jian)(jian)康高績效(xiao)國家”。基本醫療衛(wei)生(sheng)與健(jian)(jian)康促進(jin)法通(tong)過并實(shi)施,為全方(fang)位全周期(qi)(qi)維護人(ren)民(min)健(jian)(jian)康、實(shi)施健(jian)(jian)康中(zhong)(zhong)國戰略(lve)提供法治保障。隨著經(jing)濟社會(hui)的(de)(de)發展,國家不(bu)斷引導居(ju)民(min)形成健(jian)(jian)康的(de)(de)生(sheng)活方(fang)式。城鄉(xiang)居(ju)民(min)在工作之余鍛煉(lian)身體、關(guan)注(zhu)飲食(shi)健(jian)(jian)康已經(jing)成為普遍(bian)的(de)(de)社會(hui)風氣。

      3.生活(huo)質量顯著提高

      居(ju)(ju)(ju)民收(shou)入(ru)水平(ping)持續提升。中國(guo)經濟(ji)長期持續穩(wen)定增(zeng)(zeng)長,人(ren)均(jun)國(guo)內生(sheng)產總值從(cong)(cong)1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)385元(yuan)增(zeng)(zeng)至(zhi)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)72000元(yuan)。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)國(guo)居(ju)(ju)(ju)民人(ren)均(jun)可支配(pei)收(shou)入(ru)達(da)到32189元(yuan)。居(ju)(ju)(ju)民消費結構(gou)日益優化。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)全(quan)國(guo)居(ju)(ju)(ju)民恩格爾(er)系數為(wei)30.2%,比(bi)1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)降(jiang)低33.7個百分點。基(ji)本居(ju)(ju)(ju)住條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)顯著(zhu)改善(shan)。城鎮居(ju)(ju)(ju)民人(ren)均(jun)住房(fang)建(jian)筑面積(ji)(ji)從(cong)(cong)1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)4.2平(ping)方(fang)米增(zeng)(zeng)長到2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)39.8平(ping)方(fang)米;農(nong)村居(ju)(ju)(ju)民人(ren)均(jun)住房(fang)建(jian)筑面積(ji)(ji)從(cong)(cong)1978年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)8.1平(ping)方(fang)米增(zeng)(zeng)長到2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)48.9平(ping)方(fang)米。城市人(ren)均(jun)公(gong)(gong)(gong)園綠(lv)地面積(ji)(ji)從(cong)(cong)1981年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)1.5平(ping)方(fang)米增(zeng)(zeng)長到2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)14.36平(ping)方(fang)米。實(shi)施城鎮保障(zhang)性安居(ju)(ju)(ju)工(gong)程(cheng),幫助約2億困難群眾(zhong)改善(shan)了住房(fang)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)。交(jiao)通(tong)基(ji)礎(chu)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)日益完善(shan),人(ren)民出行更加安全(quan)便利。截至(zhi)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)國(guo)鐵路運(yun)營(ying)里程(cheng)達(da)14.6萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,其中高速鐵路運(yun)營(ying)里程(cheng)3.8萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)里。公(gong)(gong)(gong)路總里程(cheng)達(da)519.81萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)里,其中高速公(gong)(gong)(gong)路里程(cheng)16.1萬公(gong)(gong)(gong)里。城市軌道交(jiao)通(tong)運(yun)營(ying)里程(cheng)達(da)7354.7公(gong)(gong)(gong)里。信(xin)息化生(sheng)活品(pin)質大幅(fu)提升。中國(guo)政府大力實(shi)施新(xin)(xin)型基(ji)礎(chu)設施建(jian)設,讓人(ren)民群眾(zhong)享受(shou)更多的(de)信(xin)息化發(fa)展(zhan)成果。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)國(guo)移動電話普及(ji)率(lv)(lv)達(da)113.9部/百人(ren);互(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)普及(ji)率(lv)(lv)達(da)70.4%,其中農(nong)村地區互(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)普及(ji)率(lv)(lv)為(wei)55.9%。截至(zhi)2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月,全(quan)國(guo)已建(jian)設開通(tong)5G基(ji)站84.7萬個。互(hu)(hu)聯網(wang)(wang)在線(xian)購物等消費新(xin)(xin)業態蓬勃(bo)發(fa)展(zhan)。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),全(quan)國(guo)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)購物用(yong)戶規(gui)模達(da)7.82億,占網(wang)(wang)民整(zheng)體(ti)的(de)79.1%;全(quan)國(guo)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)零售額11.76萬億元(yuan),比(bi)2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)增(zeng)(zeng)長10.9%。

      4.就業更(geng)加(jia)充(chong)分(fen)

      中國(guo)政府(fu)堅持實施就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)優先(xian)戰略和(he)積極的(de)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)政策,推動(dong)(dong)(dong)“大眾創(chuang)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、萬(wan)眾創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)(xin)”,突出強調“要優先(xian)穩(wen)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)保(bao)民生”,致力實現充分(fen)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、體面(mian)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、和(he)諧就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)美(mei)好愿景(jing)。建立起覆蓋(gai)省、市、縣、街道(鄉鎮)、社區(村)的(de)五級公共就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)服務網絡體系。截至2020年(nian),全(quan)(quan)國(guo)共有人(ren)(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源服務機構4.58萬(wan)家,全(quan)(quan)年(nian)為2.9億人(ren)(ren)(ren)次勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)提供了就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、擇業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)和(he)流動(dong)(dong)(dong)服務;全(quan)(quan)國(guo)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)數為75064萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren),其中城鎮就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)數為46271萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。2019年(nian),中國(guo)城鎮新(xin)(xin)(xin)增就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)1352萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren),連續(xu)7年(nian)保(bao)持在(zai)1300萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)以上。在(zai)新(xin)(xin)(xin)冠肺炎疫(yi)情帶來的(de)不(bu)利影響下,2020年(nian)中國(guo)城鎮新(xin)(xin)(xin)增就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)仍達到1186萬(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)。民營企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)提供了80%以上城鎮就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)崗位(wei)。新(xin)(xin)(xin)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)新(xin)(xin)(xin)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態新(xin)(xin)(xin)模式不(bu)斷涌現,創(chuang)造(zao)了大量兼職(zhi)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、靈活(huo)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)崗位(wei)。勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)工資(zi)收入快速增長,城鎮非私營單位(wei)就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)年(nian)均(jun)工資(zi)從(cong)1978年(nian)的(de)615元增加到2019年(nian)的(de)90501元。

      5.公(gong)共文化(hua)服務不(bu)斷優化(hua)

      經(jing)過40多年(nian)的發展,覆蓋(gai)(gai)城鄉的公(gong)共文(wen)(wen)化(hua)服(fu)務(wu)體(ti)系(xi)不(bu)斷(duan)完(wan)善,文(wen)(wen)藝創作持續繁榮(rong),文(wen)(wen)化(hua)體(ti)育(yu)(yu)事業(ye)蓬勃發展。2020年(nian),全(quan)國共有公(gong)共圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)(guan)3212個(ge)(ge),博物館(guan)(guan)5788家(jia),文(wen)(wen)化(hua)館(guan)(guan)3321個(ge)(ge),鄉鎮綜合(he)(he)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)站32825個(ge)(ge),村(cun)(cun)級綜合(he)(he)性(xing)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)服(fu)務(wu)中心(xin)575384個(ge)(ge)。全(quan)年(nian)出版各類(lei)報紙277億份(fen),各類(lei)期刊(kan)20億冊,圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)101億冊(張),人均圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)擁有量達(da)(da)7.24冊(張)。全(quan)國廣(guang)播(bo)節目綜合(he)(he)人口覆蓋(gai)(gai)率為99.4%,電視節目綜合(he)(he)人口覆蓋(gai)(gai)率為99.6%。全(quan)年(nian)生產電視劇202部(bu)7476集,電視動畫片(pian)116688分鐘,故事影(ying)片(pian)531部(bu),科教(jiao)、紀錄、動畫和特種影(ying)片(pian)119部(bu)。實施廣(guang)播(bo)電視戶戶通工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、農村(cun)(cun)電影(ying)放映工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、農家(jia)書(shu)屋工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)等文(wen)(wen)化(hua)惠(hui)民(min)(min)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng),促進(jin)基本公(gong)共文(wen)(wen)化(hua)服(fu)務(wu)標準(zhun)化(hua)、均等化(hua),保障人民(min)(min)群眾基本文(wen)(wen)化(hua)權益。公(gong)共數字(zi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)累計建(jian)設可供(gong)全(quan)國共享的數字(zi)資源約1274TB,數字(zi)圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)(guan)推廣(guang)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)已(yi)覆蓋(gai)(gai)全(quan)國39家(jia)省級圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)(guan)、376家(jia)市級圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)(guan),服(fu)務(wu)輻(fu)射(she)2760個(ge)(ge)縣級圖(tu)(tu)書(shu)館(guan)(guan)。建(jian)設完(wan)善公(gong)共體(ti)育(yu)(yu)場(chang)、全(quan)民(min)(min)健(jian)(jian)(jian)身(shen)中心(xin)、體(ti)育(yu)(yu)公(gong)園(yuan)、健(jian)(jian)(jian)身(shen)步道、足球(qiu)場(chang)、多功(gong)能健(jian)(jian)(jian)身(shen)場(chang)地(di)(di)等多種類(lei)型(xing)的全(quan)民(min)(min)健(jian)(jian)(jian)身(shen)場(chang)地(di)(di)設施,倡導全(quan)民(min)(min)健(jian)(jian)(jian)身(shen)。2020年(nian),全(quan)國共有體(ti)育(yu)(yu)場(chang)地(di)(di)371.3萬個(ge)(ge),體(ti)育(yu)(yu)場(chang)地(di)(di)面積31億平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),人均體(ti)育(yu)(yu)場(chang)地(di)(di)面積2.2平(ping)方(fang)米(mi)(mi),行政村(cun)(cun)“農民(min)(min)體(ti)育(yu)(yu)健(jian)(jian)(jian)身(shen)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)”基本實現全(quan)覆蓋(gai)(gai),經(jing)常參加體(ti)育(yu)(yu)鍛(duan)煉人數比(bi)例達(da)(da)37.2%。

      6.受教(jiao)育權利得到更好保障

      中(zhong)國堅持教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)益性原則,把(ba)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)公(gong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)作為國家(jia)基本教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)政(zheng)策,受教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)權保(bao)障水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)顯著提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)。全(quan)(quan)國學(xue)(xue)前(qian)三年(nian)毛入園率(lv)從2010年(nian)的(de)56.6%提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)的(de)85.2%,實(shi)現了學(xue)(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)基本普(pu)及。2020年(nian),全(quan)(quan)國九年(nian)義(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鞏固率(lv)為95.2%,義(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)普(pu)及程度達到(dao)(dao)世界(jie)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)收入國家(jia)的(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)。殘(can)疾(ji)兒童義(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)入學(xue)(xue)率(lv)達95%以上(shang)。建(jian)立覆蓋從學(xue)(xue)前(qian)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)到(dao)(dao)研究生教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)全(quan)(quan)學(xue)(xue)段(duan)學(xue)(xue)生資助政(zheng)策體系(xi),不讓(rang)一個孩(hai)子(zi)因家(jia)庭(ting)經濟困難而(er)輟學(xue)(xue)的(de)目(mu)標基本實(shi)現。傾斜支持農村(cun)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、中(zhong)西部(bu)(bu)地區教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu),全(quan)(quan)國96.8%的(de)縣實(shi)現義(yi)務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)基本均(jun)(jun)衡發(fa)展,更多(duo)農村(cun)和(he)中(zhong)西部(bu)(bu)地區孩(hai)子(zi)享(xiang)受到(dao)(dao)更好更公(gong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。全(quan)(quan)國高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)中(zhong)階段(duan)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)毛入學(xue)(xue)率(lv)從2000年(nian)的(de)42.8%提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)的(de)91.2%,超過中(zhong)等(deng)(deng)偏上(shang)收入國家(jia)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping);高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)毛入學(xue)(xue)率(lv)從2000年(nian)的(de)12.5%提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)的(de)54.4%,高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)在學(xue)(xue)總規模超過4000萬人(ren),建(jian)成世界(jie)上(shang)最大規模的(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)(deng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)體系(xi)。

      7.社(she)會(hui)保障體系(xi)覆蓋全(quan)民

      社(she)(she)會保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)是保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)和改善民(min)生(sheng)(sheng)、維護(hu)社(she)(she)會公平(ping)、增(zeng)進(jin)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)福祉的基(ji)(ji)本(ben)制度保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。2020年(nian)(nian),全國(guo)參(can)(can)(can)(can)加(jia)職工(gong)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)醫療(liao)(liao)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數3.4億(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),參(can)(can)(can)(can)加(jia)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)居民(min)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)醫療(liao)(liao)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數10.2億(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),參(can)(can)(can)(can)保(bao)(bao)總人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數超(chao)過13.6億(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren);參(can)(can)(can)(can)加(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數23567萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。截至2021年(nian)(nian)6月(yue),全國(guo)參(can)(can)(can)(can)加(jia)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)職工(gong)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)養老保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數46709萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),參(can)(can)(can)(can)加(jia)城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)居民(min)基(ji)(ji)本(ben)養老保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數54735萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren);參(can)(can)(can)(can)加(jia)失(shi)業(ye)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數22229萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren);參(can)(can)(can)(can)加(jia)工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數27399萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),其中參(can)(can)(can)(can)加(jia)工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的農(nong)(nong)民(min)工(gong)9082萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren);參(can)(can)(can)(can)加(jia)生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)數23546萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。國(guo)家(jia)還通過城(cheng)(cheng)鄉(xiang)居民(min)大病保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)補(bu)充保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian),在基(ji)(ji)本(ben)醫保(bao)(bao)制度之(zhi)外對大病患者高額醫療(liao)(liao)費用(yong)予以保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。構(gou)筑以最(zui)(zui)低(di)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)、特困(kun)(kun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)供養、受(shou)災人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、醫療(liao)(liao)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、教育(yu)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、住房救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、就(jiu)業(ye)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)、臨時(shi)(shi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)為(wei)主體(ti),社(she)(she)會力(li)量參(can)(can)(can)(can)與為(wei)補(bu)充,應救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)盡救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的綜合性社(she)(she)會救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體(ti)系。截至2020年(nian)(nian),全國(guo)共(gong)有(you)(you)805萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)得(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)最(zui)(zui)低(di)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang),3621萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)得(de)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)最(zui)(zui)低(di)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang),31萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)得(de)城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)特困(kun)(kun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)供養,447萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)得(de)農(nong)(nong)村(cun)特困(kun)(kun)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)供養,全年(nian)(nian)臨時(shi)(shi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)1341萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)次(ci),全國(guo)共(gong)實施醫療(liao)(liao)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)18608萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)次(ci),支出資(zi)金546.8億(yi)元。為(wei)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)受(shou)疫情(qing)(qing)影(ying)響困(kun)(kun)難群(qun)(qun)眾基(ji)(ji)本(ben)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo),2020年(nian)(nian)為(wei)困(kun)(kun)難群(qun)(qun)眾發放價格(ge)臨時(shi)(shi)補(bu)貼資(zi)金218億(yi)元,惠及4億(yi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)次(ci);受(shou)疫情(qing)(qing)影(ying)響,困(kun)(kun)難群(qun)(qun)眾有(you)(you)244萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)新納入低(di)保(bao)(bao),有(you)(you)254萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)次(ci)獲(huo)(huo)(huo)得(de)臨時(shi)(shi)救(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。

      8.生態環境持續改善

      良(liang)好生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)是最普(pu)惠的(de)(de)(de)民生(sheng)(sheng)福祉。中(zhong)(zhong)共十(shi)八大以來(lai),將(jiang)生(sheng)(sheng)態文明建設(she)(she)納入(ru)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家發展“五位一(yi)體(ti)”總(zong)體(ti)布(bu)局,倡導“綠水青山就是金山銀山”綠色發展理(li)念,嚴(yan)守生(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)護紅線(xian),堅(jian)決(jue)打(da)好污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)防治(zhi)(zhi)攻堅(jian)戰,推進(jin)(jin)美麗(li)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)建設(she)(she),切實(shi)保(bao)護公(gong)民環境(jing)權利。堅(jian)決(jue)打(da)贏藍天保(bao)衛戰,空(kong)氣更加清(qing)新。2020年(nian)(nian),全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)萬(wan)元國(guo)(guo)(guo)內生(sheng)(sheng)產總(zong)值二氧化碳排放較2005年(nian)(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)48.4%,提前(qian)完成比(bi)(bi)2005年(nian)(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)40%至(zhi)45%的(de)(de)(de)碳排放目(mu)標(biao)。天然(ran)(ran)氣、水電(dian)、核(he)電(dian)、風電(dian)等清(qing)潔能源(yuan)(yuan)消費(fei)(fei)量(liang)占能源(yuan)(yuan)消費(fei)(fei)總(zong)量(liang)比(bi)(bi)重(zhong)從2016年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)19.1%上(shang)(shang)升到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)24.3%(初步核(he)算數)。全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)337個(ge)(ge)地(di)(di)級及以上(shang)(shang)城市(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),2020年(nian)(nian)空(kong)氣質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)達標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)城市(shi)(shi)占59.9%。著力打(da)好碧水保(bao)衛戰,水質(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)續(xu)優(you)(you)化。2020年(nian)(nian),1940個(ge)(ge)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家地(di)(di)表水考核(he)斷(duan)面(mian)中(zhong)(zhong),水質(zhi)(zhi)優(you)(you)良(liang)(Ⅰ-Ⅲ類)斷(duan)面(mian)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)為(wei)83.4%,比(bi)(bi)2019年(nian)(nian)上(shang)(shang)升8.5個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);劣Ⅴ類斷(duan)面(mian)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)為(wei)0.6%,比(bi)(bi)2019年(nian)(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)2.8個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)近岸海域(yu)優(you)(you)良(liang)(一(yi)、二類)水質(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)為(wei)77.4%,比(bi)(bi)2019年(nian)(nian)上(shang)(shang)升0.8個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian);劣四類水質(zhi)(zhi)比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)為(wei)9.4%,比(bi)(bi)2019年(nian)(nian)下(xia)降(jiang)(jiang)2.3個(ge)(ge)百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。扎實(shi)推進(jin)(jin)凈(jing)(jing)土(tu)保(bao)衛戰,土(tu)壤(rang)環境(jing)風險得(de)到(dao)(dao)有效管控。制定土(tu)壤(rang)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)防治(zhi)(zhi)法(fa),實(shi)施(shi)土(tu)壤(rang)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)防治(zhi)(zhi)行動(dong)計(ji)劃(hua)(hua)。以農用(yong)地(di)(di)和(he)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)行業企業用(yong)地(di)(di)為(wei)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),開(kai)展土(tu)壤(rang)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)(ran)狀況(kuang)詳查(cha)。2014年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)2019年(nian)(nian),全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)依(yi)法(fa)依(yi)規關停涉重(zhong)金屬行業企業3500余家,實(shi)施(shi)金屬減排工程(cheng)850多個(ge)(ge)。開(kai)展農用(yong)地(di)(di)土(tu)壤(rang)環境(jing)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)類別劃(hua)(hua)分(fen)、治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)修(xiu)復等工作,農用(yong)地(di)(di)土(tu)壤(rang)環境(jing)狀況(kuang)總(zong)體(ti)穩定。全(quan)面(mian)禁止洋垃圾入(ru)境(jing),基(ji)本(ben)實(shi)現固(gu)體(ti)廢物零(ling)進(jin)(jin)口。人居環境(jing)不斷(duan)改善。2020年(nian)(nian),全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農村衛生(sheng)(sheng)廁(ce)所普(pu)及率超(chao)過(guo)68%,生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)垃圾進(jin)(jin)行收(shou)運處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)行政村比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)超(chao)過(guo)90%,全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農村生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)污(wu)(wu)水治(zhi)(zhi)理(li)率達25.5%;46個(ge)(ge)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)城市(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)垃圾分(fen)類覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)居民8300萬(wan)戶,居民小區覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)率94.6%,地(di)(di)級及以上(shang)(shang)城市(shi)(shi)建成區黑臭水體(ti)消除比(bi)(bi)例(li)(li)超(chao)過(guo)90%。實(shi)施(shi)最嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)護。截至(zhi)2020年(nian)(nian),全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共建立自然(ran)(ran)保(bao)護地(di)(di)近萬(wan)處,保(bao)護面(mian)積(ji)(ji)覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)陸(lu)(lu)域(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)土(tu)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)18%,約90%的(de)(de)(de)陸(lu)(lu)地(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)態系統類型和(he)85%的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)野生(sheng)(sheng)動(dong)物種群(qun)得(de)到(dao)(dao)有效保(bao)護。全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)森(sen)林(lin)覆(fu)(fu)蓋(gai)率由20世紀(ji)70年(nian)(nian)代初的(de)(de)(de)12.7%提高(gao)到(dao)(dao)2020年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)23.04%。在全(quan)球森(sen)林(lin)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)持(chi)續(xu)凈(jing)(jing)損(sun)失達1.78億(yi)公(gong)頃(qing)的(de)(de)(de)不利形勢(shi)下(xia),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)森(sen)林(lin)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)近十(shi)年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)凈(jing)(jing)增約249.9萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing),居全(quan)球第一(yi)。2012年(nian)(nian)至(zhi)2021年(nian)(nian)6月,累(lei)計(ji)完成防沙(sha)治(zhi)(zhi)沙(sha)任(ren)務面(mian)積(ji)(ji)超(chao)過(guo)1900萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing),封禁保(bao)護面(mian)積(ji)(ji)達到(dao)(dao)177.2萬(wan)公(gong)頃(qing)。中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)率先實(shi)現了荒漠化土(tu)地(di)(di)零(ling)增長,為(wei)實(shi)現《聯(lian)合國(guo)(guo)(guo)2030年(nian)(nian)可(ke)持(chi)續(xu)發展議程(cheng)》提出的(de)(de)(de)2030年(nian)(nian)全(quan)球退化土(tu)地(di)(di)零(ling)增長目(mu)標(biao)作出重(zhong)要貢獻。

      9.人類(lei)發展指數大幅提升

      根據(ju)聯合國(guo)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)計劃署發(fa)(fa)布(bu)的(de)“人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)展報告”,1990年(nian)中(zhong)國(guo)還處于低人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)展水(shui)(shui)平組(zu),1996年(nian)便進入(ru)了中(zhong)等(deng)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)展水(shui)(shui)平組(zu),2011年(nian)又步(bu)入(ru)高(gao)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)展水(shui)(shui)平組(zu)。中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)展指數從(cong)1990年(nian)的(de)0.499增長到2019年(nian)的(de)0.761,是自(zi)1990年(nian)聯合國(guo)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)計劃署在(zai)全球首(shou)次測算人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)展指數以來,唯一(yi)從(cong)低人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)展水(shui)(shui)平組(zu)跨越到高(gao)人(ren)(ren)類(lei)(lei)發(fa)(fa)展水(shui)(shui)平組(zu)的(de)國(guo)家。

      四、實行良法善治維護公民權利政治權利

      在全面建成小康(kang)社會進(jin)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)共產黨和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)政府踐行以人(ren)民(min)為中(zhong)(zhong)心的(de)發展思想,以更大(da)的(de)力度、更實(shi)的(de)措施發展全過程(cheng)人(ren)民(min)民(min)主,維護社會公平正義(yi),確保人(ren)民(min)依法享有更加(jia)廣泛(fan)、更加(jia)充分、更加(jia)真實(shi)的(de)權利(li)和(he)自(zi)由(you)。

      1.拓展人民民主權(quan)利

      堅(jian)持(chi)人(ren)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體地位,發展完善人(ren)民(min)代表大會制(zhi)度以及中國共產黨(dang)領(ling)導的多(duo)黨(dang)合作和政治協商制(zhi)度、基層(ceng)群眾自治制(zhi)度,豐富民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)形式(shi),拓寬民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)渠道,人(ren)民(min)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)權利得(de)到切實(shi)保障。

      民主選(xuan)(xuan)舉(ju)有(you)序(xu)發展。城(cheng)鄉按相同人口比例(li)選(xuan)(xuan)舉(ju)人大(da)代表(biao)(biao)(biao),保證(zheng)各地(di)區、各民族、各方面(mian)都(dou)有(you)適(shi)當(dang)數(shu)量的代表(biao)(biao)(biao)。縣級及以下人大(da)代表(biao)(biao)(biao)實行直接選(xuan)(xuan)舉(ju),強調(diao)保障人民選(xuan)(xuan)舉(ju)權和被選(xuan)(xuan)舉(ju)權,確保選(xuan)(xuan)舉(ju)工(gong)作風清氣正(zheng)、選(xuan)(xuan)舉(ju)結果(guo)人民滿意。2016年開始(shi)的縣鄉兩級人民代表(biao)(biao)(biao)大(da)會換屆選(xuan)(xuan)舉(ju)中,登(deng)記選(xuan)(xuan)民10億多人,直接選(xuan)(xuan)舉(ju)產生近248萬名縣鄉兩級人大(da)代表(biao)(biao)(biao)。全國(guo)共有(you)五(wu)級人大(da)代表(biao)(biao)(biao)262萬多名。

      社(she)(she)會(hui)主義協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)民(min)主穩步健全。推動協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)民(min)主廣泛多層制度化(hua)發(fa)(fa)展,不(bu)斷規范協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)內容、協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)程序,以事關經濟社(she)(she)會(hui)發(fa)(fa)展全局和(he)涉及群眾切身利(li)益的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)際問題為(wei)(wei)內容,開展廣泛協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)。發(fa)(fa)揮人(ren)民(min)政(zheng)協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)作為(wei)(wei)社(she)(she)會(hui)主義協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)民(min)主的(de)(de)重要(yao)渠道和(he)專(zhuan)門協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)機構作用(yong),推動協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)履(lv)職成果更好運用(yong)。2012年(nian)1月至2021年(nian)6月,全國政(zheng)協(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)共收到58768件提案,48496件立案,大多數提案的(de)(de)建(jian)議得到采(cai)納和(he)落(luo)實(shi)(shi)。

      基層(ceng)群(qun)(qun)眾自治(zhi)不斷完善。修訂城(cheng)市居民(min)(min)委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)組(zu)織法(fa)、村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)委員(yuan)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)組(zu)織法(fa),進(jin)一步完善和規范居委會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)、村(cun)(cun)(cun)委會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)成員(yuan)的(de)選(xuan)舉(ju)和罷免(mian)程序。全(quan)國(guo)農村(cun)(cun)(cun)已(yi)普遍開(kai)(kai)展10輪以(yi)(yi)上村(cun)(cun)(cun)委會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)換屆選(xuan)舉(ju),98%以(yi)(yi)上的(de)村(cun)(cun)(cun)委會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)依法(fa)實行直接選(xuan)舉(ju),村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)參(can)選(xuan)率達95%。拓展流(liu)動人口有(you)(you)序參(can)與居住地社區(qu)治(zhi)理(li)渠道(dao)。在脫貧(pin)攻堅中(zhong),特別注重健全(quan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)自治(zhi)機制(zhi),凡(fan)是(shi)涉及脫貧(pin)攻堅惠民(min)(min)政策的(de)落(luo)實、惠民(min)(min)資金的(de)分(fen)配(pei)使用(yong)、民(min)(min)生工(gong)程項目(mu)(mu)的(de)建設,都(dou)廣泛(fan)開(kai)(kai)展議事協商(shang),凝(ning)聚群(qun)(qun)眾共(gong)識,取得群(qun)(qun)眾支持(chi)。以(yi)(yi)職工(gong)代表(biao)大(da)會(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)為基本形式的(de)企(qi)事業單位民(min)(min)主(zhu)管(guan)理(li)制(zhi)度不斷健全(quan),目(mu)(mu)前全(quan)國(guo)已(yi)有(you)(you)29個(ge)省(區(qu)、市)制(zhi)定了36個(ge)有(you)(you)關企(qi)業民(min)(min)主(zhu)管(guan)理(li)的(de)地方性法(fa)規,保(bao)障職工(gong)參(can)與管(guan)理(li)和監督的(de)民(min)(min)主(zhu)權利,維護職工(gong)合法(fa)權益。

      知(zhi)情(qing)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、參與權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、表達權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)得到切實(shi)(shi)保(bao)障。實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)審(shen)(shen)計結(jie)果公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)告制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)定(ding)修(xiu)改(gai)政(zheng)府信息公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)條例,提升(sheng)政(zheng)府信息公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)水平(ping),保(bao)障公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)知(zhi)情(qing)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。“互聯網+政(zheng)務(wu)(wu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)”服(fu)務(wu)(wu)能力持(chi)續提升(sheng)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)過推(tui)行(xing)(xing)“一(yi)(yi)網通(tong)(tong)(tong)辦”,全國(guo)(guo)一(yi)(yi)半以(yi)上(shang)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)許(xu)可事項辦理(li)時(shi)限縮短40%以(yi)上(shang),省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)許(xu)可事項網上(shang)受(shou)理(li)和(he)“最多跑(pao)一(yi)(yi)次”比例超過82%,50個(ge)高頻服(fu)務(wu)(wu)事項和(he)200個(ge)便民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)實(shi)(shi)現“跨省(sheng)(sheng)通(tong)(tong)(tong)辦”。根據《2020年(nian)聯合(he)國(guo)(guo)電子(zi)(zi)政(zheng)務(wu)(wu)調查(cha)報(bao)告》,中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)電子(zi)(zi)政(zheng)務(wu)(wu)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)在線服(fu)務(wu)(wu)指(zhi)數與電子(zi)(zi)參與水平(ping)均列全球第9位(wei),進入(ru)領先行(xing)(xing)列。推(tui)進民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),完善(shan)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)座談論證、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)草(cao)(cao)案公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)征求(qiu)意(yi)見(jian)等(deng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),使(shi)每一(yi)(yi)項立法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)反映(ying)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)意(yi)志。截至(zhi)2020年(nian),十(shi)三(san)屆全國(guo)(guo)人大常委會(hui)(hui)已就87件次法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)草(cao)(cao)案公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)征求(qiu)意(yi)見(jian)。不斷(duan)健(jian)全依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)決策機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),將公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)眾參與、專家論證、風險(xian)評(ping)估、合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)性(xing)(xing)審(shen)(shen)查(cha)、集體討論確(que)定(ding)為重大行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)決策的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)程序,提高決策民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)化水平(ping)。完善(shan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)開(kai)透(tou)明、高效便捷的(de)(de)訴求(qiu)表達渠道,實(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)網上(shang)受(shou)理(li)信訪(fang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),廣泛匯集社情(qing)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)意(yi),依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)及時(shi)就地解決公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)合(he)理(li)訴求(qiu),保(bao)障公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)有序參與公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共事務(wu)(wu)管(guan)理(li),監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)國(guo)(guo)家機關依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)行(xing)(xing)使(shi)職權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。2018年(nian)至(zhi)2020年(nian),十(shi)三(san)屆全國(guo)(guo)人大常委會(hui)(hui)共聽取和(he)審(shen)(shen)議“一(yi)(yi)府一(yi)(yi)委兩(liang)院(yuan)”工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)報(bao)告52個(ge),共對19部法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)和(he)決定(ding)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)施情(qing)況進行(xing)(xing)檢查(cha),圍繞“十(shi)四五”規劃綱要編制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、精準脫貧、污(wu)染防(fang)治、社會(hui)(hui)保(bao)險(xian)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)改(gai)革(ge)等(deng)內容(rong)開(kai)展18次專題調研,開(kai)展8次專題詢問(wen)。把握政(zheng)協(xie)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)質定(ding)位(wei),加(jia)強和(he)改(gai)進政(zheng)協(xie)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),突出政(zheng)協(xie)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)重點(dian)、豐(feng)富政(zheng)協(xie)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)方(fang)式,不斷(duan)完善(shan)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)主(zhu)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)的(de)(de)組織領導、權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi)保(bao)障、知(zhi)情(qing)反饋和(he)溝通(tong)(tong)(tong)協(xie)調機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),寓監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)于協(xie)商之中(zhong),更好發揮(hui)協(xie)商式監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)優勢作(zuo)(zuo)用。推(tui)進監(jian)(jian)(jian)察(cha)體制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革(ge),依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)全方(fang)位(wei)加(jia)強對所有行(xing)(xing)使(shi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)力的(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)職人員(yuan)的(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)。不斷(duan)完善(shan)人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)陪審(shen)(shen)員(yuan)、人民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)員(yuan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),保(bao)障公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)民(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)參與司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利。

      2.保障(zhang)人身權利

      尊重人(ren)格尊嚴和價值,依法保護公民的人(ren)身權利和自由。

      公民(min)人(ren)(ren)身自由得(de)(de)到(dao)尊重和(he)保(bao)護。非由法(fa)律(lv)規定(ding)(ding)、非經法(fa)定(ding)(ding)程序(xu)不得(de)(de)剝奪、限(xian)制公民(min)人(ren)(ren)身自由。十(shi)二(er)屆(jie)全國(guo)人(ren)(ren)大(da)常(chang)委會(hui)2013年通(tong)過(guo)關于(yu)(yu)廢(fei)止有關勞動(dong)教養法(fa)律(lv)規定(ding)(ding)的(de)決定(ding)(ding),十(shi)三(san)屆(jie)全國(guo)人(ren)(ren)大(da)常(chang)委會(hui)2019年通(tong)過(guo)關于(yu)(yu)廢(fei)止有關收容(rong)教育(yu)(yu)法(fa)律(lv)規定(ding)(ding)和(he)制度的(de)決定(ding)(ding),國(guo)務院2020年廢(fei)止《賣淫嫖娼人(ren)(ren)員收容(rong)教育(yu)(yu)辦法(fa)》,廢(fei)除勞動(dong)教養和(he)收容(rong)教育(yu)(yu)制度,彰(zhang)顯國(guo)家尊重和(he)保(bao)障(zhang)人(ren)(ren)權(quan)的(de)憲法(fa)精神及依(yi)法(fa)保(bao)障(zhang)公民(min)人(ren)(ren)身自由的(de)人(ren)(ren)權(quan)理念。

      人員流動更加(jia)便利。不斷推(tui)進(jin)(jin)戶籍制度改革,實(shi)行城(cheng)鄉統(tong)一(yi)的戶口(kou)(kou)登記制度,促(cu)進(jin)(jin)有(you)能力(li)在城(cheng)鎮(zhen)穩定就業(ye)的常住人口(kou)(kou)有(you)序實(shi)現市民(min)化,更好保(bao)障人民(min)公平享有(you)民(min)生權利。2020年,全(quan)國戶籍人口(kou)(kou)城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化率達到45.4%,比2012年提高(gao)10.1個百分點。2010年以(yi)來,共為1500余萬無戶口(kou)(kou)人員辦理了落戶,基本(ben)解決全(quan)國無戶口(kou)(kou)人員登記戶口(kou)(kou)問題。

      嚴格(ge)(ge)依法(fa)(fa)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)安全(quan)(quan)和隱私(si)。頒布實(shi)施民(min)法(fa)(fa)典,加強人(ren)格(ge)(ge)權(quan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。加強數(shu)據(ju)安全(quan)(quan)和個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)安全(quan)(quan)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu),加大(da)(da)對侵(qin)犯(fan)(fan)公民(min)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)行為的(de)(de)(de)打擊(ji)力度。2016年(nian)以來,通過(guo)開展(zhan)專(zhuan)項行動(dong)依法(fa)(fa)辦理(li)一(yi)(yi)批涉嫌侵(qin)犯(fan)(fan)公民(min)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)案(an)事件(jian)(jian),泄(xie)露公民(min)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)案(an)事件(jian)(jian)得到(dao)有效遏制。2019年(nian)在(zai)(zai)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)范(fan)圍開展(zhan)App違(wei)法(fa)(fa)違(wei)規收(shou)集(ji)使用(yong)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)專(zhuan)項治(zhi)理(li)工作,重(zhong)點治(zhi)理(li)無(wu)隱私(si)政策(ce)、捆綁授權(quan)和強制索權(quan)、未(wei)經同意收(shou)集(ji)使用(yong)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)等(deng)(deng)突出問(wen)題,App隱私(si)政策(ce)透明(ming)度大(da)(da)幅提升。2021年(nian)3月(yue),國(guo)家(jia)網(wang)(wang)信(xin)(xin)辦等(deng)(deng)四部門聯(lian)合發(fa)布《常見(jian)類型(xing)移(yi)動(dong)互(hu)聯(lian)網(wang)(wang)應用(yong)程(cheng)序(xu)必要(yao)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)范(fan)圍規定(ding)(ding)》,明(ming)確(que)39類常見(jian)類型(xing)移(yi)動(dong)應用(yong)程(cheng)序(xu)必要(yao)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)范(fan)圍。2021年(nian)5月(yue)至7月(yue),相關(guan)部門共組織(zhi)對12種常見(jian)類型(xing)、用(yong)戶下載(zai)量大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)1035款(kuan)App開展(zhan)專(zhuan)項檢測評估,對存在(zai)(zai)嚴重(zhong)違(wei)法(fa)(fa)違(wei)規問(wen)題的(de)(de)(de)351款(kuan)App進行公開通報,對未(wei)在(zai)(zai)規定(ding)(ding)時(shi)限內(nei)整改的(de)(de)(de)52款(kuan)App依法(fa)(fa)依規采(cai)取下架處罰措施,違(wei)法(fa)(fa)違(wei)規收(shou)集(ji)使用(yong)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)行為逐(zhu)步減少。依法(fa)(fa)嚴厲打擊(ji)電信(xin)(xin)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)詐(zha)騙(pian)違(wei)法(fa)(fa)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui),嚴懲(cheng)侵(qin)犯(fan)(fan)公民(min)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui),加大(da)(da)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)隱私(si)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)力度。2017年(nian)至2020年(nian),全(quan)(quan)國(guo)各級人(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院一(yi)(yi)審審結侵(qin)犯(fan)(fan)公民(min)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)刑事案(an)件(jian)(jian)數(shu)量分別為1393件(jian)(jian)、2315件(jian)(jian)、2627件(jian)(jian)、2558件(jian)(jian),一(yi)(yi)審審結隱私(si)權(quan)糾紛(fen)案(an)件(jian)(jian)數(shu)量分別為273件(jian)(jian)、292件(jian)(jian)、331件(jian)(jian)、395件(jian)(jian)。依法(fa)(fa)審理(li)手(shou)機(ji)應用(yong)擅自讀取用(yong)戶通訊錄信(xin)(xin)息(xi)、網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)信(xin)(xin)用(yong)平臺(tai)濫(lan)用(yong)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)征(zheng)信(xin)(xin)數(shu)據(ju)等(deng)(deng)案(an)件(jian)(jian),準確(que)適用(yong)“通知(zhi)-刪除”規則(ze),對散發(fa)誹謗他人(ren)言論的(de)(de)(de)網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)平臺(tai),根據(ju)受害人(ren)請(qing)求責令刪除相關(guan)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)。2019年(nian)至2020年(nian),全(quan)(quan)國(guo)各級人(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院一(yi)(yi)審審結網(wang)(wang)絡(luo)侵(qin)權(quan)責任糾紛(fen)案(an)件(jian)(jian)分別為4059件(jian)(jian)、4058件(jian)(jian)。檢察(cha)機(ji)關(guan)將個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)作為拓展(zhan)公益(yi)訴訟案(an)件(jian)(jian)范(fan)圍的(de)(de)(de)新領域(yu)重(zhong)點部署推進,加強對公民(min)個(ge)(ge)(ge)人(ren)信(xin)(xin)息(xi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。

      切實保障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)被(bei)羈(ji)(ji)(ji)押人(ren)(ren)和(he)罪(zui)(zui)犯(fan)的(de)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)益(yi)。規范強(qiang)制措施(shi),減少羈(ji)(ji)(ji)押性(xing)強(qiang)制措施(shi)的(de)適用,實行看守所在(zai)(zai)押人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)入(ru)所權(quan)利義(yi)務告知制度,建立在(zai)(zai)押人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)投訴(su)調查處(chu)理(li)機制。完善(shan)相關法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律制度,保障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)被(bei)羈(ji)(ji)(ji)押人(ren)(ren)的(de)人(ren)(ren)格尊(zun)(zun)嚴及律師會(hui)見、申訴(su)、醫療等(deng)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)利。深(shen)化(hua)獄務公(gong)開(kai),強(qiang)化(hua)檢察監(jian)(jian)督和(he)執法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)監(jian)(jian)督,保障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)罪(zui)(zui)犯(fan)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)利不受侵(qin)犯(fan)。實行人(ren)(ren)文關懷,開(kai)展罪(zui)(zui)犯(fan)離監(jian)(jian)探親活動。制定實施(shi)社(she)區(qu)(qu)矯(jiao)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),堅持依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)管(guan)(guan)理(li)與尊(zun)(zun)重(zhong)保障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)人(ren)(ren)權(quan)相統一,監(jian)(jian)督管(guan)(guan)理(li)與教(jiao)育(yu)幫(bang)扶相統一,對符(fu)合(he)條件的(de)社(she)區(qu)(qu)矯(jiao)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)對象(xiang)(xiang)落(luo)實最低生(sheng)活保障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang),提供臨(lin)時救助(zhu)(zhu)和(he)社(she)會(hui)保險、就業就學等(deng)政策,依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)保障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)社(she)區(qu)(qu)矯(jiao)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)對象(xiang)(xiang)的(de)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)益(yi)。截(jie)至2020年,已累(lei)計(ji)接收社(she)區(qu)(qu)矯(jiao)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)對象(xiang)(xiang)537萬人(ren)(ren),累(lei)計(ji)解除(chu)矯(jiao)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)473萬人(ren)(ren),在(zai)(zai)冊社(she)區(qu)(qu)矯(jiao)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)對象(xiang)(xiang)64萬人(ren)(ren),社(she)區(qu)(qu)矯(jiao)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)對象(xiang)(xiang)在(zai)(zai)矯(jiao)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)期間再(zai)犯(fan)罪(zui)(zui)率一直處(chu)于(yu)0.2%的(de)較低水平。健全(quan)完善(shan)刑滿釋(shi)放(fang)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)救助(zhu)(zhu)管(guan)(guan)理(li)制度,落(luo)實社(she)會(hui)救助(zhu)(zhu)和(he)就業安置措施(shi),促進刑滿釋(shi)放(fang)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)順利融入(ru)社(she)會(hui)。

      3.保障個人財(cai)產權

      健全以公(gong)(gong)平(ping)(ping)為(wei)核心原則的(de)(de)產權(quan)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度。清理(li)有(you)(you)違公(gong)(gong)平(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)條款,加強(qiang)對各(ge)種(zhong)所有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經濟組織和(he)自然人財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產權(quan)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu),鼓勵、支持和(he)引導非公(gong)(gong)有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經濟發展(zhan),保(bao)(bao)(bao)證(zheng)各(ge)種(zhong)所有(you)(you)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)經濟依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)(deng)使用生(sheng)產要素、公(gong)(gong)平(ping)(ping)參與市場(chang)競(jing)爭、同等(deng)(deng)(deng)受(shou)到(dao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)。憲法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)定公(gong)(gong)民(min)的(de)(de)合法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)私(si)有(you)(you)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產不(bu)受(shou)侵(qin)犯,國家依(yi)照法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律規(gui)(gui)定保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)公(gong)(gong)民(min)的(de)(de)私(si)有(you)(you)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產權(quan)和(he)繼承(cheng)權(quan)。民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)典明(ming)確規(gui)(gui)定對所有(you)(you)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產權(quan)平(ping)(ping)等(deng)(deng)(deng)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu),強(qiang)化對個人信息、數(shu)據(ju)和(he)網絡虛(xu)擬(ni)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產等(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu),完(wan)善了(le)權(quan)利保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)和(he)救濟規(gui)(gui)則,形(xing)成有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)權(quan)利保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),公(gong)(gong)民(min)財(cai)(cai)(cai)(cai)產權(quan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治保(bao)(bao)(bao)障水平(ping)(ping)不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)升。

      為優化營商(shang)環(huan)境提供(gong)法(fa)(fa)治保障。毫不動搖地堅持鼓勵、支(zhi)持、引導非公有制經濟發(fa)展的一系(xi)列方針政策,依法(fa)(fa)打擊侵犯民(min)(min)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)及經營者合法(fa)(fa)權益的犯罪,依法(fa)(fa)保護民(min)(min)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)自主經營權,以及企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)經營者人身、財產(chan)安全。堅持刑法(fa)(fa)的謙抑(yi)性(xing),嚴(yan)格規范(fan)涉及民(min)(min)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的執法(fa)(fa)司(si)法(fa)(fa)行為,堅決禁止刑事執法(fa)(fa)介(jie)入經濟糾紛,依法(fa)(fa)準確適用(yong)強制措施,最大限度減少(shao)對企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)正常生產(chan)經營活動的影響。最高(gao)(gao)人民(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)院、最高(gao)(gao)人民(min)(min)檢察院先(xian)后發(fa)布一系(xi)列涉及民(min)(min)營企(qi)(qi)(qi)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)司(si)法(fa)(fa)保護指導性(xing)案(an)(an)例(li)和典型案(an)(an)例(li),指導各級司(si)法(fa)(fa)機關依法(fa)(fa)辦案(an)(an)。

      加大(da)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)保護(hu)力(li)度(du)。加強知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)保護(hu)和運(yun)用(yong),健全(quan)技術創(chuang)新激勵機制。完善體現知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)價值的(de)(de)侵(qin)權(quan)損害賠償(chang)制度(du),進(jin)一(yi)步彰(zhang)顯激勵和保護(hu)創(chuang)新的(de)(de)鮮(xian)明態度(du),凈(jing)化市場競爭環境,促進(jin)創(chuang)新發展。在北京、上海、廣州(zhou)設(she)立知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)法(fa)院,通(tong)過審理重大(da)典型案(an)件,確立裁(cai)判(pan)規則,統一(yi)裁(cai)判(pan)標(biao)準,加大(da)對知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)侵(qin)權(quan)行(xing)(xing)為的(de)(de)懲(cheng)治力(li)度(du),著(zhu)力(li)解決侵(qin)權(quan)成本低、維權(quan)成本高等問題。最(zui)高人(ren)民檢察(cha)院設(she)立知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)檢察(cha)辦公室(shi),統一(yi)指導履行(xing)(xing)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)刑事(shi)、民事(shi)、行(xing)(xing)政檢察(cha)職能,構建(jian)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)全(quan)方(fang)位綜(zong)合性(xing)司法(fa)保護(hu)機制。加強國際(ji)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)執法(fa)司法(fa)對話、交流與合作(zuo),推動(dong)構建(jian)更(geng)加公平(ping)合理的(de)(de)知(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)產(chan)(chan)權(quan)國際(ji)規則。

      4.加強人權司法保障(zhang)

      深化司法(fa)體(ti)制改革,全(quan)面落實司法(fa)責任(ren)制,完(wan)善(shan)律(lv)師執業權利保障制度,加強對司法(fa)活動的(de)監督,維護人(ren)民(min)權益(yi),努力讓人(ren)民(min)群眾在每(mei)一個司法(fa)案件中都(dou)感受到公平(ping)正義(yi)。

      穩步推進司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革。2014年中(zhong)共十八屆四中(zhong)全(quan)會通(tong)過《中(zhong)共中(zhong)央關(guan)(guan)于(yu)全(quan)面推進依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治國若(ruo)干重大(da)問題的(de)決定》,全(quan)方位改(gai)革司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi),保證公(gong)正司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),提(ti)高司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)公(gong)信力(li)。全(quan)面落實司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)責(ze)任制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革,健全(quan)有序(xu)放權(quan)(quan)、科學配權(quan)(quan)、規范(fan)用權(quan)(quan)、嚴(yan)格限權(quan)(quan)的(de)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)管理體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)和司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)力(li)運行(xing)(xing)體(ti)系(xi)。優化司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)職權(quan)(quan)配置(zhi),深化以審(shen)判為中(zhong)心的(de)刑事訴訟(song)制(zhi)(zhi)度改(gai)革,強化檢察機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)監(jian)督職能,充(chong)分發(fa)揮訴訟(song)程序(xu)制(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)作用,完善執法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)力(li)運行(xing)(xing)程序(xu)、行(xing)(xing)使方式、責(ze)任要求,健全(quan)執法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)之間工作銜接機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),健全(quan)公(gong)安機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)、檢察機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)、審(shen)判機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)、司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)行(xing)(xing)政機(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)分工負責(ze)、各(ge)(ge)司(si)(si)(si)其職,偵查權(quan)(quan)、檢察權(quan)(quan)、審(shen)判權(quan)(quan)、執行(xing)(xing)權(quan)(quan)相互配合、相互制(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)的(de)體(ti)制(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),構建各(ge)(ge)盡(jin)其職、配合有力(li)、制(zhi)(zhi)約(yue)有效的(de)工作體(ti)系(xi)。

      健全司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)履職(zhi)保護(hu)機(ji)(ji)制。建立健全領導(dao)干部(bu)干預司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)活動、插手具體(ti)(ti)案(an)(an)件(jian)處理(li)和(he)(he)(he)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)內(nei)部(bu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)過(guo)問案(an)(an)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)記錄(lu)通報(bao)和(he)(he)(he)責任(ren)追究(jiu)(jiu)制度,保障司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)機(ji)(ji)關(guan)和(he)(he)(he)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)辦理(li)案(an)(an)件(jian)不(bu)受行(xing)政機(ji)(ji)關(guan)、社(she)會(hui)團體(ti)(ti)和(he)(he)(he)個人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)干涉。規范(fan)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)考評考核和(he)(he)(he)責任(ren)追究(jiu)(jiu)、懲戒(jie)辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),明確法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)官(guan)、檢(jian)察官(guan)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)履行(xing)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定職(zhi)責的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)不(bu)受法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律追究(jiu)(jiu),非(fei)因(yin)(yin)故(gu)意違反法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規或(huo)者有重大過(guo)失(shi)導(dao)致(zhi)裁判(pan)結果(guo)錯(cuo)誤并(bing)造成嚴重后果(guo)的(de)(de)(de),不(bu)承擔錯(cuo)案(an)(an)責任(ren);非(fei)因(yin)(yin)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定事由、非(fei)經法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定程序,不(bu)得將法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)官(guan)、檢(jian)察官(guan)調(diao)離、免職(zhi)、辭退或(huo)者作出降(jiang)級、撤(che)職(zhi)等處分。建立健全司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)受到(dao)侵害救濟保障機(ji)(ji)制和(he)(he)(he)不(bu)實舉報(bao)澄清(qing)機(ji)(ji)制,堅決打擊(ji)侵害司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)合法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權益(yi)的(de)(de)(de)行(xing)為(wei)(wei),推動形(xing)成尊重司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)裁判(pan)、維(wei)護(hu)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權威(wei)的(de)(de)(de)社(she)會(hui)氛圍。完善撫恤優(you)待(dai)辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),為(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)官(guan)、檢(jian)察官(guan)的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身、財產(chan)等權益(yi)提供與其職(zhi)業風(feng)險相匹配(pei)的(de)(de)(de)保障。

      堅(jian)決糾正(zheng)和(he)防范(fan)(fan)冤(yuan)錯案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)。建(jian)立健全(quan)錯案(an)(an)(an)(an)發現、糾正(zheng)、防范(fan)(fan)和(he)責任追(zhui)究機制,堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)程(cheng)序公(gong)正(zheng)和(he)實(shi)體(ti)公(gong)正(zheng)相統一,堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)嚴格公(gong)正(zheng)司(si)法(fa),堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)罪刑法(fa)定、無罪推定、證(zheng)據裁判(pan),嚴禁刑訊逼供、體(ti)罰虐(nve)待,嚴格實(shi)行非法(fa)證(zheng)據排除規則,堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)實(shi)事(shi)求是、有錯必糾,落實(shi)國(guo)家賠(pei)(pei)償制度(du),加強人(ren)權司(si)法(fa)保障。2019年(nian)至2020年(nian),全(quan)國(guo)各級人(ren)民法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)分別按照(zhao)審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)監督程(cheng)序再審(shen)(shen)(shen)改(gai)判(pan)刑事(shi)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)1774件(jian)、1818件(jian);依(yi)法(fa)宣告(gao)637名(ming)、656名(ming)公(gong)訴(su)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)被(bei)告(gao)人(ren)和(he)751名(ming)、384名(ming)自訴(su)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)被(bei)告(gao)人(ren)無罪;審(shen)(shen)(shen)結(jie)國(guo)家賠(pei)(pei)償案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)18164件(jian)、18433件(jian),保障賠(pei)(pei)償請求人(ren)合法(fa)權益。2020年(nian)1月至2021年(nian)6月,各級檢(jian)察機關通過(guo)審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)監督程(cheng)序提出刑事(shi)抗(kang)訴(su)1325件(jian),同(tong)期(qi)法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)改(gai)判(pan)685件(jian)、發回重審(shen)(shen)(shen)134件(jian);提出刑事(shi)再審(shen)(shen)(shen)檢(jian)察建(jian)議616件(jian),同(tong)期(qi)法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)改(gai)判(pan)214件(jian)、發回重審(shen)(shen)(shen)6件(jian)。“張氏叔侄(zhi)強奸殺人(ren)案(an)(an)(an)(an)”“于英生(sheng)殺妻案(an)(an)(an)(an)”“陳滿故意(yi)殺人(ren)案(an)(an)(an)(an)”等一批重大冤(yuan)錯案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)得到(dao)依(yi)法(fa)糾正(zheng)。

      加強對執(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)(shi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)的保障(zhang)。完善律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)(shi)執(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)保護(hu)制(zhi)度,印發(fa)《關于(yu)依法保障(zhang)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)(shi)執(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)的規(gui)(gui)定》等文件,對保障(zhang)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)(shi)會見、閱卷、調查取證以及庭審中(zhong)的發(fa)問(wen)、質證、辯(bian)論辯(bian)護(hu)等各項訴訟權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)作(zuo)出全(quan)(quan)面規(gui)(gui)定,健全(quan)(quan)完善了律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)(shi)執(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)救(jiu)濟機(ji)制(zhi)和(he)責任追究機(ji)制(zhi)。最(zui)(zui)高人(ren)民法院、最(zui)(zui)高人(ren)民檢察院、公(gong)安(an)部(bu)、國家安(an)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)、司法部(bu)和(he)全(quan)(quan)國律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)協(xie)建立了維(wei)護(hu)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)(shi)執(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)快速聯動處置機(ji)制(zhi),暢通律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)(shi)維(wei)權(quan)(quan)(quan)通道(dao),確保律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)(shi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)被(bei)侵犯后能夠(gou)得(de)到及時有(you)效救(jiu)濟。全(quan)(quan)國律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)協(xie)、省(sheng)級(ji)和(he)設(she)區(qu)的市級(ji)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)(shi)協(xie)會全(quan)(quan)部(bu)設(she)立維(wei)護(hu)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)(shi)執(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)中(zhong)心,專門負(fu)責維(wei)護(hu)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)(shi)執(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)工(gong)作(zuo)。最(zui)(zui)高人(ren)民檢察院開展保障(zhang)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)(shi)執(zhi)(zhi)業(ye)(ye)權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)專項監督活動,監督糾正執(zhi)(zhi)法司法機(ji)關阻礙律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)(shi)依法行(xing)使訴訟權(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)問(wen)題,保障(zhang)訴訟活動順利(li)進行(xing)。截至2020年,全(quan)(quan)國共有(you)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)(shi)事務所(suo)3.4萬多家,律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)(shi)52.2萬多人(ren)。

      全面推(tui)進陽光司(si)法(fa)。深入(ru)推(tui)進審判公開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)、檢(jian)(jian)務(wu)(wu)公開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)、警務(wu)(wu)公開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)和(he)獄(yu)務(wu)(wu)公開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai),依法(fa)及時(shi)公開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)司(si)法(fa)依據(ju)、程(cheng)(cheng)序、流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)、結(jie)果和(he)生效(xiao)法(fa)律文書。推(tui)進智(zhi)慧司(si)法(fa)建設,執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)司(si)法(fa)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)水平(ping)不(bu)斷提(ti)(ti)升(sheng),保障當事人(ren)(ren)獲(huo)得更為(wei)高效(xiao)便(bian)捷訴(su)訟(song)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)。截至(zhi)2020年(nian),全國98%的法(fa)院(yuan)建成了(le)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)度較高的訴(su)訟(song)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)體系,為(wei)當事人(ren)(ren)提(ti)(ti)供全方位的訴(su)訟(song)服(fu)務(wu)(wu);98%的法(fa)院(yuan)開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)通訴(su)訟(song)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)網(wang)(wang),為(wei)當事人(ren)(ren)、律師提(ti)(ti)供網(wang)(wang)上(shang)預(yu)約立案、案件查詢、卷(juan)宗查閱、電(dian)子送(song)達等服(fu)務(wu)(wu)。全國檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機關(guan)自2014年(nian)10月1日(ri)部署(shu)應用(yong)案件信(xin)息(xi)(xi)公開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)系統以來,截至(zhi)2021年(nian)6月30日(ri),“案件信(xin)息(xi)(xi)公開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)網(wang)(wang)”已導出(chu)案件程(cheng)(cheng)序性信(xin)息(xi)(xi)15023598件、發(fa)(fa)布重要案件信(xin)息(xi)(xi)1142802件、公開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)法(fa)律文書6597917件,接受辯(bian)護與(yu)代(dai)理網(wang)(wang)上(shang)預(yu)約558872人(ren)(ren)次(ci)。2019年(nian),“案件信(xin)息(xi)(xi)公開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)網(wang)(wang)”統一(yi)并(bing)入(ru)“12309中國檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)網(wang)(wang)”,網(wang)(wang)上(shang)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)進一(yi)步優化(hua)(hua)升(sheng)級,檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機關(guan)案件信(xin)息(xi)(xi)公開(kai)(kai)(kai)(kai)進入(ru)信(xin)息(xi)(xi)化(hua)(hua)、常態化(hua)(hua)、規(gui)范(fan)化(hua)(hua)的快速發(fa)(fa)展軌道。

      完善法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)制(zhi)(zhi)度。發(fa)布(bu)實施(shi)《法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)值(zhi)(zhi)班(ban)(ban)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)工作辦法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》,在法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院、看守(shou)所普(pu)遍設(she)立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工作站。加強刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),落實刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訴訟法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)及(ji)相關配套法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)制(zhi)(zhi)度關于法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)圍的規(gui)定,積極(ji)開展刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)案(an)件(jian)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)辯護全覆蓋試點工作。擴(kuo)大民(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、行政(zheng)(zheng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)覆蓋面,與(yu)民(min)生緊密(mi)相關的事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)項逐步納入法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)補充事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)項范(fan)圍。聚焦打贏脫(tuo)貧(pin)(pin)攻堅(jian)戰,以法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治扶貧(pin)(pin)為切入點,擴(kuo)充法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)項、擴(kuo)大法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)范(fan)圍,惠及(ji)更多困難群(qun)眾。提升法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)質量(liang),發(fa)布(bu)并(bing)落實全國刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、民(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)行政(zheng)(zheng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)規(gui)范(fan),制(zhi)(zhi)定法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)案(an)件(jian)質量(liang)評(ping)估標準。2020年(nian),全國組織辦理(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)案(an)件(jian)近(jin)140萬件(jian),受(shou)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)人達(da)216萬余(yu)次,提供法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)咨(zi)(zi)詢1466余(yu)萬人次;值(zhi)(zhi)班(ban)(ban)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)(shi)提供法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(不(bu)含法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)咨(zi)(zi)詢)74萬余(yu)件(jian),其中參與(yu)認(ren)罪認(ren)罰從寬案(an)件(jian)68萬余(yu)件(jian)。截至2020年(nian),在全國鄉鎮(街道)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)所及(ji)仲裁、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院、信訪等矛盾糾紛(fen)相對集(ji)中的部門(men)設(she)立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)工作站7萬余(yu)個,方便(bian)群(qun)眾就近(jin)獲得法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)援(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)服(fu)務(wu)。

      5.保障宗教信(xin)仰自由

      憲(xian)法(fa)(fa)規定(ding)公(gong)民(min)有宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)信仰(yang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)。中(zhong)國(guo)政府支持各宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)堅持獨立自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)主自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)辦(ban)的(de)原(yuan)則(ze),在法(fa)(fa)律(lv)范(fan)圍內(nei)(nei)(nei)進(jin)行各種宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong);依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)對涉及國(guo)家(jia)利益(yi)和社(she)(she)會(hui)公(gong)共利益(yi)的(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)事務(wu)(wu)進(jin)行管(guan)理,不(bu)干涉各宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部事務(wu)(wu),宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)工作法(fa)(fa)治化水平不(bu)斷提高(gao)。2017年修(xiu)訂《宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)事務(wu)(wu)條例》,貫徹實施《中(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)民(min)共和國(guo)境內(nei)(nei)(nei)外國(guo)人(ren)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)管(guan)理規定(ding)》,依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)中(zhong)國(guo)公(gong)民(min)及境內(nei)(nei)(nei)外國(guo)人(ren)的(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)信仰(yang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)。依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)打擊宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)極端主義(yi)以及打著宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)名義(yi)開展的(de)“邪教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)”活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。中(zhong)國(guo)現(xian)有依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)登記的(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)活(huo)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)場所14.4萬處,宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)院校92所,信仰(yang)佛教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、道教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、伊斯蘭教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)、天主教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和基督教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)等宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)公(gong)民(min)近2億人(ren),宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)職(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)員38萬余(yu)人(ren)。不(bu)斷加大宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)職(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)員社(she)(she)會(hui)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)力度,宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)職(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)員醫療保(bao)(bao)險參保(bao)(bao)率達(da)96.5%,養老保(bao)(bao)險參保(bao)(bao)率達(da)89.6%,基本實現(xian)了宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)職(zhi)(zhi)人(ren)員社(she)(she)保(bao)(bao)體系全覆蓋(gai)。公(gong)民(min)的(de)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)信仰(yang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)由(you)得到充分保(bao)(bao)障(zhang),呈現(xian)出宗(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)(zong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和順(shun)、社(she)(she)會(hui)和諧的(de)良好局面。

      五、促進社會公平保障特定群體權益

      全面建成小康社會,一個(ge)也(ye)不能少。中國切實維(wei)護和(he)促(cu)進(jin)農民(min)權益,高度重視對婦女、兒(er)童(tong)、老年人、殘疾人及少數民(min)族等(deng)特定(ding)群(qun)體權益的保障(zhang),使(shi)他們享(xiang)有均等(deng)機會,以平(ping)等(deng)身(shen)份(fen)充分(fen)參(can)與經濟政治文化社會生活,共(gong)享(xiang)發(fa)展成果。

      1.農民(min)權益保障(zhang)全方位(wei)改善

      土地(di)制度改(gai)革(ge)極大增進農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)財(cai)(cai)產性權(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)。改(gai)革(ge)開放后(hou)實施家庭(ting)聯產承(cheng)包(bao)責(ze)任制,解決了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)的溫飽問題;全(quan)面(mian)(mian)取消(xiao)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業稅費,減輕了(le)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)負擔(dan)。中共(gong)十八大以來,穩定農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村土地(di)承(cheng)包(bao)關系(xi)并保持長久(jiu)不變(bian),實施農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)村集體土地(di)所有(you)權(quan)(quan)、承(cheng)包(bao)權(quan)(quan)、經(jing)營(ying)權(quan)(quan)“三(san)權(quan)(quan)分置”,賦(fu)予農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)對承(cheng)包(bao)地(di)占有(you)、使用、收(shou)益、流轉及經(jing)營(ying)權(quan)(quan)融(rong)資(zi)擔(dan)保權(quan)(quan)能,保障農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)戶宅基(ji)地(di)用益物權(quan)(quan),增加農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)財(cai)(cai)產性收(shou)入,賦(fu)予農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)更(geng)多(duo)財(cai)(cai)產權(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)。截至2020年,31個省(區、市)均開展(zhan)了(le)承(cheng)包(bao)地(di)確(que)權(quan)(quan)工作,承(cheng)包(bao)地(di)確(que)權(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)達15億畝,完善土地(di)承(cheng)包(bao)合同2億份,頒發土地(di)承(cheng)包(bao)經(jing)營(ying)權(quan)(quan)證書2億份。

      農(nong)民工(gong)生活(huo)條件(jian)不斷(duan)改(gai)善(shan)。2012年(nian)至2020年(nian),全國農(nong)民工(gong)人(ren)均月收(shou)入(ru)從2290元上升到(dao)4072元。進(jin)城農(nong)民工(gong)居住(zhu)環境明顯改(gai)善(shan),人(ren)均居住(zhu)面積達到(dao)21.5平方米,住(zhu)房(fang)中有洗澡設施的(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)85.4%,能上網的(de)(de)占(zhan)(zhan)94.8%,擁有電(dian)冰箱、洗衣機、汽車(包(bao)括(kuo)經營用車)的(de)(de)比重(zhong)分別(bie)為67%、68.1%、30.8%。

      關(guan)(guan)愛(ai)農(nong)村留(liu)(liu)守(shou)(shou)(shou)人(ren)員。隨著返鄉創業(ye)就業(ye)、就業(ye)扶貧、隨遷(qian)子女(nv)就地(di)入學等(deng)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)持續開(kai)展(zhan),全(quan)國農(nong)村留(liu)(liu)守(shou)(shou)(shou)兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)數量從2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)902萬(wan)名(ming)下降到2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)643.6萬(wan)名(ming)。印(yin)(yin)發(fa)《關(guan)(guan)于(yu)進一步健全(quan)農(nong)村留(liu)(liu)守(shou)(shou)(shou)兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)困(kun)境兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)關(guan)(guan)愛(ai)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)體(ti)系(xi)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)(jian)》《關(guan)(guan)于(yu)勞(lao)動(dong)密集型企業(ye)進一步加強農(nong)村留(liu)(liu)守(shou)(shou)(shou)兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)困(kun)境兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)關(guan)(guan)愛(ai)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)指導意(yi)見(jian)(jian)》等(deng)政策(ce)文件,完善(shan)農(nong)村留(liu)(liu)守(shou)(shou)(shou)兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)關(guan)(guan)愛(ai)工作(zuo)頂層設(she)計。印(yin)(yin)發(fa)《關(guan)(guan)于(yu)加強農(nong)村留(liu)(liu)守(shou)(shou)(shou)婦(fu)女(nv)關(guan)(guan)愛(ai)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)(jian)》,結合各地(di)實際,面向有(you)困(kun)難、有(you)需求(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)村留(liu)(liu)守(shou)(shou)(shou)婦(fu)女(nv)提供(gong)相(xiang)應關(guan)(guan)愛(ai)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)。印(yin)(yin)發(fa)《關(guan)(guan)于(yu)加強農(nong)村留(liu)(liu)守(shou)(shou)(shou)老年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)關(guan)(guan)愛(ai)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)工作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見(jian)(jian)》,農(nong)村留(liu)(liu)守(shou)(shou)(shou)老年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)關(guan)(guan)愛(ai)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)政策(ce)已實現省級層面全(quan)覆蓋,有(you)力保(bao)障了特(te)殊(shu)困(kun)難老年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)基本生活。

      農(nong)村(cun)(cun)人(ren)居環(huan)境極(ji)大改善。推(tui)進農(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)活垃圾治理,扎實開展(zhan)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)廁所(suo)革(ge)命,梯次推(tui)進農(nong)村(cun)(cun)生(sheng)活污水(shui)治理,提升村(cun)(cun)容村(cun)(cun)貌。截至2020年(nian),全國95%以上村(cun)(cun)莊開展(zhan)了清潔行(xing)動。2019年(nian)至2020年(nian),累(lei)計安排(pai)(pai)144億元中(zhong)央財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)資金實施農(nong)村(cun)(cun)廁所(suo)革(ge)命整村(cun)(cun)推(tui)進獎補政(zheng)(zheng)策(ce),安排(pai)(pai)中(zhong)央預算內投資60億元支(zhi)持(chi)中(zhong)西部省(sheng)份以縣(xian)為(wei)單位開展(zhan)農(nong)村(cun)(cun)人(ren)居環(huan)境整治項目建設。中(zhong)央財(cai)政(zheng)(zheng)對農(nong)村(cun)(cun)人(ren)居環(huan)境整治成效(xiao)明顯(xian)的39個縣(xian)給(gei)予激勵支(zhi)持(chi)。

      2.婦女兒童老年人權益保(bao)障持續加強

      法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)體系日臻完(wan)善。中(zhong)國于20世紀90年(nian)(nian)代先(xian)后制(zhi)定(ding)未(wei)成年(nian)(nian)人(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)法(fa)(fa)、婦女權(quan)益(yi)(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障法(fa)(fa)、老(lao)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)權(quan)益(yi)(yi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障法(fa)(fa),并對三項法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)進行多次修改完(wan)善。制(zhi)定(ding)母嬰(ying)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)健(jian)法(fa)(fa)、反家(jia)庭暴力法(fa)(fa)、預防未(wei)成年(nian)(nian)人(ren)犯罪(zui)法(fa)(fa)等法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv),頒布《女職工勞動保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)特別規(gui)定(ding)》《禁止使用童(tong)(tong)(tong)工規(gui)定(ding)》《校車安全管理條例》《未(wei)成年(nian)(nian)工特殊保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)規(gui)定(ding)》等行政(zheng)法(fa)(fa)規(gui)及部門(men)規(gui)章(zhang),為保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障婦女兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)老(lao)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)權(quan)益(yi)(yi)奠(dian)定(ding)了法(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)基礎(chu)。印發(fa)《關于建立健(jian)全法(fa)(fa)規(gui)政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)性別平(ping)(ping)等評(ping)估機(ji)制(zhi)的意見》,切實(shi)從法(fa)(fa)規(gui)、規(gui)章(zhang)、政(zheng)策(ce)(ce)的源(yuan)頭上貫(guan)徹男女平(ping)(ping)等基本國策(ce)(ce),促進婦女全面發(fa)展(zhan)。2020年(nian)(nian)頒布民(min)法(fa)(fa)典,增設(she)居住權(quan),明確夫妻共(gong)同債務的范圍(wei),增加防止和(he)制(zhi)止性騷擾等條款,進一步提(ti)高了婦女兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)老(lao)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)等群(qun)體的保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)水(shui)平(ping)(ping)。中(zhong)國政(zheng)府先(xian)后制(zhi)定(ding)實(shi)施三個周期(qi)的中(zhong)國婦女發(fa)展(zhan)綱要(yao)、中(zhong)國兒(er)童(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)展(zhan)綱要(yao)和(he)五個老(lao)齡事業發(fa)展(zhan)綱要(yao)(規(gui)劃)。

      婦(fu)女(nv)(nv)經濟社會參與(yu)能力不斷提(ti)升。全(quan)國(guo)15歲(sui)及以(yi)上女(nv)(nv)性(xing)(xing)(xing)文盲率由(you)1979年(nian)(nian)的(de)20.5%降至2017年(nian)(nian)的(de)7.3%,普通高(gao)等(deng)學校本專科在(zai)校女(nv)(nv)生(sheng)占(zhan)在(zai)校生(sheng)總數(shu)的(de)比例由(you)1978年(nian)(nian)的(de)24.1%提(ti)高(gao)到2019年(nian)(nian)的(de)51.7%。全(quan)國(guo)女(nv)(nv)性(xing)(xing)(xing)就業(ye)人(ren)數(shu)占(zhan)全(quan)社會就業(ye)人(ren)數(shu)的(de)比重超(chao)過四成。2018年(nian)(nian)修訂的(de)農村土地承(cheng)包法明確規定(ding),農村土地承(cheng)包,婦(fu)女(nv)(nv)與(yu)男子享有平(ping)等(deng)的(de)權利。2018年(nian)(nian)十三(san)屆全(quan)國(guo)人(ren)大(da)代表中(zhong)有742名(ming)婦(fu)女(nv)(nv)代表,占(zhan)比24.9%,比1983年(nian)(nian)第六屆全(quan)國(guo)人(ren)大(da)提(ti)高(gao)了3.7個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian);十三(san)屆全(quan)國(guo)政(zheng)協委(wei)員中(zhong)有440名(ming)女(nv)(nv)性(xing)(xing)(xing)委(wei)員,占(zhan)比20.4%,比1983年(nian)(nian)第六屆全(quan)國(guo)政(zheng)協提(ti)高(gao)了7.6個百(bai)分(fen)點(dian)。

      婦(fu)女兒(er)(er)童健康保障(zhang)水(shui)平進一步提高。2020年(nian)(nian),全國孕(yun)產(chan)婦(fu)產(chan)前檢(jian)(jian)查率(lv)為(wei)97.4%,住院分(fen)娩(mian)率(lv)為(wei)99.9%。實(shi)施(shi)農村婦(fu)女宮頸癌(ai)和乳腺癌(ai)免(mian)費檢(jian)(jian)查項目,將(jiang)宮頸癌(ai)和乳腺癌(ai)納入國家大病(bing)救(jiu)治范圍(wei)。實(shi)施(shi)貧困地區兒(er)(er)童營(ying)養改善(shan)項目,截至(zhi)2020年(nian)(nian),累計(ji)1120萬兒(er)(er)童從項目中受益。5歲以(yi)下兒(er)(er)童死亡率(lv)從1991年(nian)(nian)的61‰下降至(zhi)2020年(nian)(nian)的7.5‰。

      兒(er)(er)童得(de)到特別(bie)關(guan)(guan)愛和特殊(shu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)。2020年(nian),全國(guo)(guo)(guo)有兒(er)(er)童社(she)(she)區(qu)服務中(zhong)心2.9萬(wan)(wan)(wan)個(ge),社(she)(she)區(qu)服務站(zhan)(zhan)24.9萬(wan)(wan)(wan)個(ge),城(cheng)鄉社(she)(she)區(qu)家(jia)(jia)長學校(xiao)36萬(wan)(wan)(wan)個(ge),城(cheng)鄉社(she)(she)區(qu)兒(er)(er)童之家(jia)(jia)32萬(wan)(wan)(wan)余(yu)個(ge)。全國(guo)(guo)(guo)鄉鎮一級(ji)配(pei)備兒(er)(er)童督導(dao)員5.6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)名,村一級(ji)配(pei)備兒(er)(er)童主任67.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)名,基(ji)層兒(er)(er)童工(gong)作隊伍建設(she)和兒(er)(er)童關(guan)(guan)愛服務水平不斷提高。進(jin)一步加(jia)強對孤(gu)兒(er)(er)、殘疾兒(er)(er)童、農村留守(shou)兒(er)(er)童、困(kun)境兒(er)(er)童等(deng)特殊(shu)群體的(de)關(guan)(guan)愛保(bao)(bao)護(hu)。加(jia)大孤(gu)兒(er)(er)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)力度(du)。2019年(nian),中(zhong)央專項資(zi)金(jin)對孤(gu)兒(er)(er)基(ji)本生活補(bu)助(zhu)(zhu)標(biao)準(zhun)提高50%,東、中(zhong)、西部分別(bie)補(bu)助(zhu)(zhu)300元(yuan)/月(yue)、450元(yuan)/月(yue)和600元(yuan)/月(yue)。截(jie)至(zhi)2020年(nian),全國(guo)(guo)(guo)兒(er)(er)童福利機構集中(zhong)養育孤(gu)兒(er)(er)6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)名,基(ji)本生活保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)月(yue)平均標(biao)準(zhun)達1611.3元(yuan)/人(ren);社(she)(she)會散居(ju)孤(gu)兒(er)(er)13.4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)名,基(ji)本社(she)(she)會保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)月(yue)平均標(biao)準(zhun)達1184.3元(yuan)/人(ren)。印發《關(guan)(guan)于進(jin)一步加(jia)強事(shi)實(shi)無(wu)人(ren)撫養兒(er)(er)童保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)工(gong)作的(de)意見(jian)》,將事(shi)實(shi)無(wu)人(ren)撫養兒(er)(er)童全面納(na)入(ru)制度(du)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)范(fan)圍(wei)。截(jie)至(zhi)2020年(nian),全國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)有25.4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)名事(shi)實(shi)無(wu)人(ren)撫養兒(er)(er)童納(na)入(ru)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)范(fan)圍(wei),全國(guo)(guo)(guo)平均保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)標(biao)準(zhun)達每(mei)(mei)人(ren)每(mei)(mei)月(yue)1184.3元(yuan)。堅持對侵害(hai)未(wei)成年(nian)人(ren)犯(fan)(fan)罪“零容忍”。2017年(nian)至(zhi)2020年(nian),各級(ji)檢察機關(guan)(guan)共(gong)(gong)批準(zhun)逮捕侵害(hai)未(wei)成年(nian)人(ren)犯(fan)(fan)罪16.02萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren),起訴21.85萬(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)。在司(si)法程序中(zhong)充分保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)未(wei)成年(nian)被(bei)(bei)害(hai)人(ren)的(de)合法權利,推行(xing)具備取證、心理疏導(dao)、司(si)法救(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)等(deng)功能(neng)的(de)“一站(zhan)(zhan)式(shi)”詢(xun)問(wen)、救(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)機制,截(jie)至(zhi)2020年(nian),全國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)(gong)建成“一站(zhan)(zhan)式(shi)”詢(xun)問(wen)、救(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)辦(ban)案區(qu)1029個(ge)。加(jia)強未(wei)成年(nian)被(bei)(bei)害(hai)人(ren)多元(yuan)綜合救(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu),2019年(nian)共(gong)(gong)向(xiang)4306名未(wei)成年(nian)被(bei)(bei)害(hai)人(ren)及(ji)其家(jia)(jia)庭等(deng)發放救(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)(zhu)金(jin)6200余(yu)萬(wan)(wan)(wan)元(yuan)。

      老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)(nian)人生活(huo)和權益保障狀況持(chi)續改(gai)善。中國大力發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),逐步(bu)建立居(ju)家社(she)區(qu)機構相協調(diao)、醫養(yang)康養(yang)相結合的(de)養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)體(ti)系,大力開展(zhan)農村留守老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)(nian)人關愛服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),推進老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)(nian)人家庭適老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)化(hua)(hua)改(gai)造和老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)(nian)宜居(ju)環(huan)境(jing)建設,將贍養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)人支出納入個人所得(de)稅抵(di)扣范圍,努(nu)力讓(rang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)(nian)人老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)有所養(yang)、老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)有所依、老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)有所樂、老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)有所安。2020年(nian)(nian),國家將1834萬困難(nan)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)(nian)人及時納入最低生活(huo)保障范圍,388萬老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)(nian)人納入特困人員救助供養(yang)范圍。經濟困難(nan)的(de)高齡(ling)失能等老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)(nian)人補貼制度(du)實現省級全(quan)(quan)覆蓋(gai)。截至(zhi)2020年(nian)(nian),全(quan)(quan)國享(xiang)受高齡(ling)津貼、護理補貼、服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)補貼的(de)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)(nian)人分別為3058.9萬、81萬和23.5萬。截至(zhi)2020年(nian)(nian),全(quan)(quan)國建成各類養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)機構3.8萬個,社(she)區(qu)養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)機構和設施有28萬個,養(yang)老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)床位合計(ji)823.8萬張(zhang)。國務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)院辦公廳印發(fa)(fa)文件(jian),強調(diao)堅(jian)持(chi)傳統(tong)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)方(fang)式與智能化(hua)(hua)服(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)創(chuang)新(xin)并行(xing),切實解決老(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)年(nian)(nian)人在運用(yong)智能技術(shu)方(fang)面遇到的(de)困難(nan)。

      3.少數民族(zu)權益保障進一步完善

      少(shao)數民(min)族(zu)(zu)參與國(guo)(guo)家事務管(guan)理(li)權利(li)得到有(you)效保障。嚴格(ge)落實憲法法律關于民(min)族(zu)(zu)自治(zhi)地方(fang)的(de)(de)(de)自治(zhi)機關領(ling)導(dao)人員中配備少(shao)數民(min)族(zu)(zu)領(ling)導(dao)干部的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定,以及關于少(shao)數民(min)族(zu)(zu)人大(da)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)選舉的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定。選舉法明確規(gui)(gui)定,人口(kou)特少(shao)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)族(zu)(zu),至少(shao)應有(you)全國(guo)(guo)人大(da)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)一人。55個少(shao)數民(min)族(zu)(zu)均有(you)本民(min)族(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)全國(guo)(guo)人大(da)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)和全國(guo)(guo)政協委員。十三屆全國(guo)(guo)人大(da)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)中,少(shao)數民(min)族(zu)(zu)代(dai)(dai)表(biao)(biao)438名,占14.7%。

      少數民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)和民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)區(qu)生活水平(ping)(ping)大(da)幅提升。國(guo)家制(zhi)定(ding)專項規劃,實施西部大(da)開發(fa)(fa)、興邊富民(min)(min)行動(dong)、對口(kou)支(zhi)援以及扶持(chi)人口(kou)較少民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、少數民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)特色村鎮保護(hu)與發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)等(deng)一系列政策(ce)措施,促進民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)地(di)區(qu)經(jing)濟(ji)快速發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。內蒙古、廣西、西藏、寧夏、新疆五個自治區(qu)和貴(gui)州、云南、青海三個多民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)省份2018年至2020年的(de)(de)總體(ti)經(jing)濟(ji)增長幅度(du)超過全國(guo)平(ping)(ping)均增長水平(ping)(ping),居民(min)(min)人均可支(zhi)配收入從1978年的(de)(de)150多元增長到2020年的(de)(de)24534元。

      少數民族(zu)和(he)民族(zu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)教育(yu)事業(ye)快速發展。中國(guo)通過發展民族(zu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)各級各類學校,舉(ju)辦(ban)預(yu)科班(ban)、民族(zu)班(ban),在廣大農牧區(qu)(qu)推行寄宿制教育(yu),著(zhu)力辦(ban)好民族(zu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)高等(deng)教育(yu)等(deng)舉(ju)措,促(cu)進教育(yu)公平,保障少數民族(zu)受教育(yu)權利。民族(zu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)已全面普(pu)及從小學到初中9年義(yi)務教育(yu),西藏自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)和(he)新疆維吾爾(er)自(zi)治區(qu)(qu)的(de)南疆阿克蘇地(di)區(qu)(qu)、克孜勒蘇柯爾(er)克孜自(zi)治州(zhou)、喀什地(di)區(qu)(qu)、和(he)田(tian)地(di)區(qu)(qu)四(si)地(di)州(zhou)實現(xian)了(le)從學前到高中階段15年免費教育(yu)。

      少(shao)(shao)數民族(zu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化事業蓬勃(bo)發展。在民族(zu)地(di)(di)區推廣普(pu)及國(guo)(guo)家通用語(yu)言(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)字,依法保障各民族(zu)使用和(he)發展自(zi)己的(de)(de)語(yu)言(yan)文(wen)(wen)(wen)字的(de)(de)自(zi)由(you),促進(jin)民族(zu)團結和(he)社(she)會和(he)諧。截(jie)至2020年(nian),民族(zu)自(zi)治地(di)(di)方共設(she)置廣播(bo)(bo)電臺(tai)、電視臺(tai)、廣播(bo)(bo)電視臺(tai)等播(bo)(bo)出機構(gou)729個(ge)。全國(guo)(guo)各級(ji)(ji)播(bo)(bo)出機構(gou)共開辦民族(zu)語(yu)電視頻道279套,民族(zu)語(yu)廣播(bo)(bo)188套。元上都遺(yi)址(zhi)、土司遺(yi)址(zhi)、紅(hong)河哈尼梯田(tian)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化景(jing)觀、拉薩(sa)布達拉宮歷史建(jian)筑(zhu)群(含(han)羅布林(lin)卡和(he)大昭寺(si))、“絲(si)綢之路:長安-天山廊道的(de)(de)路網”等列入世界文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)產名錄。中國(guo)(guo)入選聯合國(guo)(guo)教科文(wen)(wen)(wen)組織人類非(fei)物質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)產名錄(名冊)的(de)(de)42項(xiang)非(fei)物質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化遺(yi)產中,少(shao)(shao)數民族(zu)項(xiang)目(mu)有15項(xiang),占37.5%。在少(shao)(shao)數民族(zu)地(di)(di)區設(she)立了11個(ge)國(guo)(guo)家級(ji)(ji)文(wen)(wen)(wen)化生態保護(實驗)區。全國(guo)(guo)25個(ge)省(區、市)已建(jian)立民族(zu)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)整理(li)與研究(jiu)機構(gou),截(jie)至2020年(nian),搶救、整理(li)散(san)藏(zang)民間的(de)(de)少(shao)(shao)數民族(zu)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)約百萬種(不含(han)館藏(zang)及寺(si)院藏(zang)書),包括很多珍貴的(de)(de)孤本(ben)和(he)善本(ben)。組織實施《中國(guo)(guo)少(shao)(shao)數民族(zu)古(gu)(gu)籍(ji)(ji)總目(mu)提要》編纂工程,全部完(wan)成后(hou)將(jiang)收錄書目(mu)約30萬種。

      民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)地(di)區人民(min)(min)(min)生活(huo)(huo)安寧祥和。在統一(yi)多民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)中國,不斷鑄牢中華民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)共(gong)同(tong)體意識(shi),堅持(chi)共(gong)同(tong)團結奮斗(dou)、共(gong)同(tong)繁榮(rong)發展,各民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)共(gong)建美好(hao)家園(yuan),共(gong)創美好(hao)未來。在各族(zu)(zu)(zu)人民(min)(min)(min)群眾共(gong)同(tong)支持(chi)下,國家依(yi)法打擊(ji)民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)分裂勢力(li)(li)、宗教極端勢力(li)(li)、暴力(li)(li)恐怖勢力(li)(li),維護民(min)(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)(zu)團結和社會穩定,人民(min)(min)(min)的(de)生活(huo)(huo)安寧權(quan)、生命(ming)健康權(quan)、財(cai)產(chan)權(quan)等得到有效保障,獲得感(gan)、幸福感(gan)、安全感(gan)不斷提升。

      4.殘疾(ji)人權益(yi)保障更(geng)加有力(li)

      殘(can)(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)人社(she)會(hui)保(bao)障體系不斷(duan)完善。全面建立困難殘(can)(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)人生活(huo)補(bu)貼和(he)重(zhong)(zhong)度(du)殘(can)(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)人護理(li)補(bu)貼制度(du)。截至2020年(nian),享(xiang)受(shou)困難殘(can)(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)人生活(huo)補(bu)貼人數有(you)1212.6萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人,享(xiang)受(shou)重(zhong)(zhong)度(du)殘(can)(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)人護理(li)補(bu)貼人數有(you)1473.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人。截至2020年(nian),共有(you)2699.2萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)殘(can)(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)人參(can)加城(cheng)鄉居(ju)民社(she)會(hui)養(yang)(yang)老(lao)保(bao)險(xian),其(qi)中(zhong)1140.5萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)殘(can)(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)人領取(qu)養(yang)(yang)老(lao)金;1076.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)殘(can)(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)人獲得(de)城(cheng)鄉最低生活(huo)保(bao)障,其(qi)中(zhong)重(zhong)(zhong)度(du)殘(can)(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)人641.4萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人;680.1萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)重(zhong)(zhong)度(du)殘(can)(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)人中(zhong)政府(fu)代繳養(yang)(yang)老(lao)保(bao)險(xian)費(fei)比(bi)例達到96.7%;另有(you)303.7萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)非重(zhong)(zhong)度(du)殘(can)(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)人享(xiang)受(shou)全額(e)或部分代繳養(yang)(yang)老(lao)保(bao)險(xian)費(fei)的優惠政策(ce)。

      殘(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)人(ren)康(kang)(kang)(kang)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)普惠可及。殘(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)人(ren)康(kang)(kang)(kang)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)納(na)入基(ji)(ji)本公共服(fu)(fu)務(wu)規劃,建立殘(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)兒童(tong)康(kang)(kang)(kang)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)救(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)制(zhi)度,實施(shi)殘(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)人(ren)精(jing)準康(kang)(kang)(kang)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)行動,發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)精(jing)神(shen)障礙社區康(kang)(kang)(kang)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu),推進(jin)康(kang)(kang)(kang)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)輔助(zhu)器具產業發(fa)(fa)展(zhan),為殘(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)兒童(tong)和(he)持證殘(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)人(ren)提(ti)供基(ji)(ji)本康(kang)(kang)(kang)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)和(he)產品。2020年(nian),1077.7萬(wan)(wan)名殘(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)兒童(tong)及持證殘(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)人(ren)得到基(ji)(ji)本康(kang)(kang)(kang)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu),242.6萬(wan)(wan)名殘(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)人(ren)得到各類輔助(zhu)器具適配服(fu)(fu)務(wu)。自2018年(nian)建立實施(shi)殘(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)兒童(tong)康(kang)(kang)(kang)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)救(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)制(zhi)度以來,全國接受康(kang)(kang)(kang)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)救(jiu)(jiu)助(zhu)的(de)殘(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)兒童(tong)達67.6萬(wan)(wan)人(ren)次。殘(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)預(yu)(yu)(yu)防(fang)工作取得積(ji)極成(cheng)效(xiao)。2017年(nian)國務(wu)院(yuan)批(pi)準將(jiang)每年(nian)8月(yue)25日設立為“殘(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)預(yu)(yu)(yu)防(fang)日”,提(ti)高公眾殘(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)預(yu)(yu)(yu)防(fang)意識。制(zhi)定發(fa)(fa)布(bu)《國家殘(can)(can)疾(ji)(ji)預(yu)(yu)(yu)防(fang)行動計劃(2016-2020年(nian))》,有(you)效(xiao)控(kong)制(zhi)出(chu)生(sheng)缺陷(xian)和(he)發(fa)(fa)育障礙致(zhi)殘(can)(can)、著(zhu)力防(fang)控(kong)疾(ji)(ji)病致(zhi)殘(can)(can)、努力減少傷害致(zhi)殘(can)(can)和(he)顯(xian)著(zhu)改善康(kang)(kang)(kang)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)等(deng)四(si)項行動取得積(ji)極進(jin)展(zhan),主(zhu)要任務(wu)目標基(ji)(ji)本實現(xian)。

      殘(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)人受教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)水平穩(wen)步提高(gao)。著力辦好特殊(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu),大(da)力發(fa)展融合教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu),努力保障(zhang)殘(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)人享有(you)平等受教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)權(quan)。2020年(nian)全國(guo)(guo)共(gong)有(you)特殊(shu)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)學(xue)(xue)(xue)校2244所,專任(ren)教(jiao)(jiao)師6.62萬人,在校學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)88.08萬人,比2013年(nian)增加51.27萬人,增長139.3%。不斷(duan)完善隨班就讀支持保障(zhang)體系,在普通學(xue)(xue)(xue)校隨班就讀的(de)殘(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)規模不斷(duan)擴大(da),由(you)2013年(nian)的(de)19.1萬人增加到2020年(nian)的(de)43.58萬人,增長128.2%。近10年(nian)來,殘(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)在普通學(xue)(xue)(xue)校就讀的(de)比例均接近或超過50%。全國(guo)(guo)實現了家庭經濟困(kun)難殘(can)疾(ji)(ji)(ji)學(xue)(xue)(xue)生(sheng)從小學(xue)(xue)(xue)到高(gao)中階段教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)12年(nian)免(mian)費教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)。

      殘(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)權(quan)利(li)得(de)到(dao)更好保障。中國(guo)(guo)通過完(wan)善(shan)法(fa)律法(fa)規、拓展就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)渠道、完(wan)善(shan)服務體系,促進殘(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)權(quan)利(li)的(de)實現。截至(zhi)2020年,全國(guo)(guo)共有殘(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)服務機(ji)構2811家(jia)(jia),國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)級(ji)殘(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)職業(ye)(ye)培訓基(ji)地478家(jia)(jia),城鄉持證殘(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)人(ren)(ren)(ren)數(shu)855.2萬人(ren)(ren)(ren)。積極開展殘(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)扶(fu)貧(pin)。2015年至(zhi)2020年,全國(guo)(guo)共建立4581個殘(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)扶(fu)貧(pin)基(ji)地,扶(fu)持近40.9萬殘(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)就(jiu)業(ye)(ye)增(zeng)收;建檔立卡貧(pin)困殘(can)疾人(ren)(ren)(ren)家(jia)(jia)庭人(ren)(ren)(ren)均純收入(ru)由(you)2015年的(de)2776.2元增(zeng)長到(dao)2019年的(de)8726.2元。

      殘(can)(can)(can)疾人無(wu)(wu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)礙(ai)環境(jing)建(jian)設(she)大(da)力推(tui)進(jin)。制定(ding)實(shi)施(shi)《無(wu)(wu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)礙(ai)環境(jing)建(jian)設(she)條例》。截至2020年,1753個(ge)市、縣開(kai)展無(wu)(wu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)礙(ai)建(jian)設(she),全國累(lei)計創建(jian)469個(ge)無(wu)(wu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)礙(ai)市縣村鎮。全國村(社區)綜合(he)服(fu)(fu)務設(she)施(shi)中有(you)(you)81.05%的出入口(kou)、56.58%的服(fu)(fu)務柜臺、38.66%的廁所進(jin)行了無(wu)(wu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)礙(ai)建(jian)設(she)和改造。2016年至2020年,全國共(gong)有(you)(you)65萬貧困重度殘(can)(can)(can)疾人家庭得到(dao)了無(wu)(wu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)礙(ai)改造。截至2019年,全國已建(jian)成各級殘(can)(can)(can)疾人綜合(he)服(fu)(fu)務設(she)施(shi)2341個(ge),康復(fu)設(she)施(shi)1006個(ge),托(tuo)養服(fu)(fu)務設(she)施(shi)887個(ge);共(gong)有(you)(you)省級殘(can)(can)(can)疾人專題廣播(bo)節目25個(ge)、電視手語欄(lan)目32個(ge);設(she)立盲(mang)文及盲(mang)文有(you)(you)聲讀物閱覽室1174個(ge)。全面推(tui)進(jin)信(xin)息(xi)無(wu)(wu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)礙(ai)建(jian)設(she),增(zeng)強信(xin)息(xi)無(wu)(wu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)礙(ai)終(zhong)端產品供給,推(tui)進(jin)無(wu)(wu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)礙(ai)產品和服(fu)(fu)務技(ji)術推(tui)廣應用,拓寬殘(can)(can)(can)疾人參與信(xin)息(xi)社會的渠道(dao),推(tui)動(dong)信(xin)息(xi)化與無(wu)(wu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)礙(ai)環境(jing)的深度融(rong)合(he),消除“數字鴻溝”,助力社會包容性發展。

      全(quan)面(mian)小康,貴(gui)在(zai)全(quan)面(mian)。中國(guo)始終把(ba)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)安(an)危(wei)冷(leng)暖、安(an)居樂業放在(zai)首位,全(quan)力解決好(hao)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)群眾關心的問題(ti),在(zai)幼有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)育、學有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)教、勞有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)得(de)、病(bing)有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)醫、老有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)養(yang)、住(zhu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)居、弱有(you)(you)(you)(you)所(suo)扶(fu)上取得(de)顯(xian)著進展(zhan)。全(quan)面(mian)建成小康社會惠益了全(quan)體(ti)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min),使中國(guo)人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)享有(you)(you)(you)(you)了比任何(he)時候都更為充分的人(ren)(ren)權。

      結束語

      全面建成小康社會,是(shi)全體中(zhong)國人民在(zai)中(zhong)國共產黨領(ling)導下拼搏奮斗的一項偉大壯舉。

      全(quan)面建(jian)成(cheng)小(xiao)康社會的偉大實踐,積累了尊重(zhong)和保(bao)障(zhang)人(ren)(ren)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的寶貴經驗(yan)。這(zhe)就是在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國共(gong)產黨的領導下,在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國特色社會主義制度中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),堅持(chi)(chi)人(ren)(ren)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的普遍性與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國國情相結(jie)合(he),堅持(chi)(chi)以(yi)人(ren)(ren)民為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心的人(ren)(ren)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)理念,堅持(chi)(chi)生(sheng)存(cun)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)發展(zhan)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)是首要(yao)的基本人(ren)(ren)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),堅持(chi)(chi)以(yi)發展(zhan)促人(ren)(ren)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),堅持(chi)(chi)人(ren)(ren)民幸福生(sheng)活是最大的人(ren)(ren)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan),堅持(chi)(chi)人(ren)(ren)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)法(fa)治保(bao)障(zhang),堅持(chi)(chi)促進人(ren)(ren)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)事業全(quan)面發展(zhan),推動構建(jian)人(ren)(ren)類命運共(gong)同體。

      中(zhong)(zhong)國人口占世(shi)界(jie)總人口的(de)(de)近五分之(zhi)一(yi)。中(zhong)(zhong)國全面建(jian)成(cheng)小(xiao)康社(she)會,是世(shi)界(jie)人權事業發展史上的(de)(de)重要(yao)里程碑(bei)。中(zhong)(zhong)國在全面建(jian)成(cheng)小(xiao)康社(she)會的(de)(de)偉大(da)進(jin)程中(zhong)(zhong),所創造的(de)(de)尊重和保障(zhang)人權的(de)(de)成(cheng)功做法和經(jing)驗,為(wei)增進(jin)人類(lei)福祉貢獻了中(zhong)(zhong)國智慧、提供了中(zhong)(zhong)國方(fang)案。

      人(ren)權保障沒有最好(hao),只有更(geng)(geng)好(hao)。全(quan)面(mian)建成小康社(she)會,奠定(ding)了(le)中(zhong)國(guo)人(ren)權發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)進步(bu)的(de)新(xin)起點。在全(quan)面(mian)建設社(she)會主義現代化(hua)國(guo)家新(xin)征(zheng)程中(zhong),中(zhong)國(guo)共產黨將把握新(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)階段,貫徹新(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)理念(nian),構建新(xin)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)格(ge)局(ju),推動高(gao)質量發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),繼續(xu)帶領(ling)全(quan)體人(ren)民為享有更(geng)(geng)加幸福安康的(de)生活和更(geng)(geng)高(gao)水平(ping)的(de)人(ren)權而奮(fen)斗。中(zhong)國(guo)必將為世界人(ren)權事業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)作(zuo)出新(xin)的(de)更(geng)(geng)大貢(gong)獻。



    日期:2021-8-12 11:27:15 | 關閉 |

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