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cciia.org.cn　 2020-4-28 15:17:02　 中(zhong)國法(fa)院網

工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)，顧名思義，就是職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)在(zai)(zai)生產勞動或工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)中(zhong)負傷(shang)(shang)(shang)。在(zai)(zai)大家的(de)(de)普遍認知(zhi)中(zhong)，在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時間、工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)場所因工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原因導(dao)致的(de)(de)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)害就叫(jiao)做工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)。但在(zai)(zai)司法實踐中(zhong)，涉(she)及工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)認定的(de)(de)情形可謂五花(hua)八(ba)門，在(zai)(zai)上下班(ban)途中(zhong)遭遇事故(gu)算不算工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)？在(zai)(zai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)收尾過程中(zhong)受傷(shang)(shang)(shang)能否(fou)得到賠償(chang)？參加公司團建旅游受傷(shang)(shang)(shang)能否(fou)認定為因公負傷(shang)(shang)(shang)？

　　2020年(nian)4月(yue)28日上午，在“五一國際勞動(dong)節”即將到(dao)來之際，北京(jing)西城法院(yuan)召開“工傷(shang)(shang)認定(ding)行政爭議(yi)典型案例”新聞通報(bao)會(hui)，邀請(qing)到(dao)副院(yuan)長畢(bi)菲(fei)，行政庭(ting)庭(ting)長呂江、副庭(ting)長盛亞娟(juan)介(jie)紹法院(yuan)審(shen)理工傷(shang)(shang)認定(ding)行政爭議(yi)案件的基本原則并發布(bu)十起典型案例，為工傷(shang)(shang)職工劃出司(si)法保護線。

　　法院審理工傷認定行政爭議案件遵循三原則

　　近年來，隨著(zhu)用(yong)人(ren)單位和(he)勞動者(zhe)法(fa)律(lv)意識的增強，工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)參保(bao)(bao)范圍的進一步擴大(da)工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)行政(zheng)訴(su)訟案(an)件(jian)也(ye)(ye)相應呈多(duo)發趨(qu)勢(shi)。近五年西(xi)城(cheng)法(fa)院(yuan)共審理(li)社(she)會保(bao)(bao)險(xian)類(lei)行政(zheng)案(an)件(jian)426件(jian)，其中(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)傷(shang)認(ren)定類(lei)案(an)件(jian)72件(jian),占(zhan)比(bi)達16.9%，而(er)且呈逐(zhu)年上升趨(qu)勢(shi)。“我院(yuan)在審理(li)工(gong)傷(shang)認(ren)定類(lei)案(an)件(jian)時把握三個原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)：一是合法(fa)性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)，即(ji)要(yao)在《中(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)民共和(he)國社(she)會保(bao)(bao)險(xian)法(fa)》《工(gong)傷(shang)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)條例(li)》等法(fa)律(lv)框(kuang)架(jia)下行使司法(fa)審查權；二(er)是職(zhi)工(gong)傾斜保(bao)(bao)護(hu)原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)，在法(fa)律(lv)框(kuang)架(jia)下，更(geng)突出對職(zhi)工(gong)的權利保(bao)(bao)護(hu)，最大(da)程度使傷(shang)亡(wang)(wang)職(zhi)工(gong)獲(huo)得救治(zhi)和(he)補償；三是法(fa)益平衡原(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)，既要(yao)保(bao)(bao)障(zhang)傷(shang)亡(wang)(wang)勞動者(zhe)的救濟(ji)和(he)康復，也(ye)(ye)要(yao)考慮用(yong)人(ren)單位與社(she)會整體的經濟(ji)承(cheng)受(shou)能力，避免工(gong)傷(shang)認(ren)定中(zhong)(zhong)一味(wei)從寬或從嚴。”西(xi)城(cheng)法(fa)院(yuan)副(fu)院(yuan)長畢菲介紹到。

　　出游受傷能認定為工傷嗎？看是否為“工作延伸”

　　張(zhang)先(xian)生(sheng)系F公(gong)(gong)司(si)職員(yuan)，在休(xiu)(xiu)假期(qi)(qi)間與公(gong)(gong)司(si)其他員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)及家屬等29人(ren)組團到廣西旅游。旅游費由員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)自理，F公(gong)(gong)司(si)先(xian)行(xing)墊付(fu)。后(hou)(hou)張(zhang)先(xian)生(sheng)在入住酒店(dian)時突發疾病(bing)，經(jing)(jing)搶(qiang)救無效死亡(wang)(wang)。張(zhang)先(xian)生(sheng)之女向東城人(ren)社局提出工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)認(ren)定(ding)申請，東城人(ren)社局經(jing)(jing)調查(cha)后(hou)(hou)認(ren)定(ding)張(zhang)先(xian)生(sheng)休(xiu)(xiu)假期(qi)(qi)間外出旅游突發疾病(bing)死亡(wang)(wang)，不符合《工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保險條(tiao)例》相關規定(ding)，作出不予認(ren)定(ding)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)決(jue)定(ding)。張(zhang)先(xian)生(sheng)之女訴(su)至法(fa)院，請求撤(che)銷不予認(ren)定(ding)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)決(jue)定(ding)。

　　呂江(jiang)法(fa)官表示(shi)，根據《工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保險(xian)條(tiao)(tiao)例(li)》第(di)十四條(tiao)(tiao)、第(di)十五條(tiao)(tiao)的(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)，判斷是(shi)否(fou)符合認(ren)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)的(de)法(fa)定(ding)(ding)條(tiao)(tiao)件，需要(yao)考量(liang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)間、工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)場所、工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原因(yin)三個重要(yao)因(yin)素(su)，其(qi)中工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原因(yin)要(yao)求所受(shou)傷(shang)(shang)害與工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)具有相關性，這是(shi)衡量(liang)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)所受(shou)傷(shang)(shang)害是(shi)否(fou)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)的(de)核心要(yao)素(su)。張(zhang)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)參加(jia)的(de)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)系(xi)F公司員工(gong)(gong)(gong)在休假期間自(zi)(zi)愿報名、可(ke)攜帶家屬并費(fei)用自(zi)(zi)理的(de)旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)活(huo)(huo)動。雖然F公司為本次旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)先(xian)行墊付了旅(lv)(lv)行團費(fei)，但不能(neng)據此認(ren)定(ding)(ding)該旅(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)活(huo)(huo)動為單位統(tong)一(yi)組織的(de)團隊建設活(huo)(huo)動。張(zhang)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所受(shou)傷(shang)(shang)害與工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)并無關聯性，不符合《工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)保險(xian)條(tiao)(tiao)例(li)》應當被(bei)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)或視同工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)的(de)情形。最終(zhong)法(fa)院支持東城人社局(ju)作(zuo)出不予(yu)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)決定(ding)(ding)，判決駁回了張(zhang)先(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)之女的(de)起(qi)訴。

　　同樣(yang)是(shi)出(chu)游(you)(you)，另一起(qi)案(an)件中(zhong)李(li)(li)女(nv)士(shi)受(shou)(shou)傷(shang)因與(yu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)相關而(er)(er)得到(dao)法院(yuan)支持(chi)。李(li)(li)女(nv)士(shi)為(wei)(wei)G公司(si)職工(gong)(gong)。G公司(si)與(yu)X旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)社簽訂《X旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)社國內旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)合同》，旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)地點為(wei)(wei)壩上(shang)草原，李(li)(li)女(nv)士(shi)等(deng)16名職工(gong)(gong)參加(jia)此次旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)，在乘坐吉普車進(jin)行(xing)(xing)自(zi)費(fei)(fei)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)游(you)(you)玩時(shi)發生(sheng)交通事故，李(li)(li)女(nv)士(shi)受(shou)(shou)傷(shang)。本案(an)中(zhong)，旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)合同由(you)(you)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)同旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)社簽訂，費(fei)(fei)用(yong)也由(you)(you)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)支付(fu)(fu)，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位(wei)組(zu)織(zhi)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)在于加(jia)強團隊凝聚力(li)，增強員工(gong)(gong)協(xie)作(zuo)能力(li)，從(cong)而(er)(er)提升工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)效率。因此團建活(huo)(huo)動(dong)雖然不(bu)(bu)是(shi)直接以工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)內容，但與(yu)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)相關，應當(dang)(dang)視為(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)延伸。根據《X旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)社國內旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)游(you)(you)合同》顯示，其中(zhong)的(de)“自(zi)費(fei)(fei)”指的(de)是(shi)G公司(si)與(yu)X旅(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)社雙方約定(ding)的(de)、由(you)(you)G公司(si)自(zi)行(xing)(xing)選擇的(de)由(you)(you)其另行(xing)(xing)付(fu)(fu)費(fei)(fei)的(de)游(you)(you)覽項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)費(fei)(fei)用(yong)，自(zi)費(fei)(fei)項(xiang)目(mu)(mu)(mu)的(de)組(zu)織(zhi)者和費(fei)(fei)用(yong)承擔者是(shi)G公司(si)。因此，李(li)(li)女(nv)士(shi)受(shou)(shou)傷(shang)時(shi)參加(jia)的(de)仍然是(shi)G公司(si)組(zu)織(zhi)的(de)活(huo)(huo)動(dong)，而(er)(er)非(fei)其脫離集體的(de)個(ge)人(ren)(ren)單獨活(huo)(huo)動(dong)，應當(dang)(dang)視為(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)的(de)延伸，最終法院(yuan)判決撤(che)銷不(bu)(bu)予認(ren)定(ding)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)決定(ding)及行(xing)(xing)政復議決定(ding)。

　　法官建議：共同保護工傷職工的合法權益

　　通報(bao)會(hui)發布的十起(qi)典型案例厘清(qing)了不少實踐中(zhong)(zhong)涉及工(gong)傷(shang)認定(ding)的焦點問(wen)題，比如單位指派(pai)送(song)客戶(hu)途中(zhong)(zhong)受傷(shang)能(neng)否(fou)認定(ding)為因(yin)“工(gong)作原因(yin)”，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)結合是否(fou)為單位指派(pai)、是否(fou)出于(yu)單位利益、是否(fou)屬于(yu)緊急突發情況等因(yin)素考(kao)量；上下班途中(zhong)(zhong)遭遇交(jiao)通事故要(yao)(yao)認定(ding)工(gong)傷(shang)，必須在事故中(zhong)(zhong)不承(cheng)擔(dan)主要(yao)(yao)責(ze)任或全部責(ze)任，而(er)且(qie)不是故意犯罪。

　　呂(lv)江法(fa)(fa)(fa)官建(jian)議通過廣大勞(lao)(lao)動者、用(yong)人單位(wei)、人社部門及法(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)的(de)(de)多方努力，共同保障工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權益。建(jian)議勞(lao)(lao)動者要增強(qiang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律意識(shi)，提(ti)高依法(fa)(fa)(fa)維權能力。發(fa)生(sheng)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)事(shi)故時注(zhu)意證(zheng)(zheng)據保存，特別對能夠證(zheng)(zheng)明與用(yong)人單位(wei)存在勞(lao)(lao)動關系、事(shi)故因工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原因引發(fa)、受傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)害事(shi)實的(de)(de)證(zheng)(zheng)據材料(liao)要注(zhu)意留存，并(bing)在法(fa)(fa)(fa)律規(gui)(gui)定(ding)的(de)(de)期限(xian)內申請(qing)(qing)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)認(ren)定(ding)，避免因申請(qing)(qing)超期而無法(fa)(fa)(fa)獲(huo)得救(jiu)濟。建(jian)議用(yong)人單位(wei)應自覺守法(fa)(fa)(fa)，充分理解工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保險(xian)制度在分散企業風險(xian)方面的(de)(de)積(ji)極(ji)作(zuo)用(yong)，按時為職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)繳納工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保險(xian)，在職(zhi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)受到(dao)(dao)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)害時，積(ji)極(ji)配合(he)有關部門進行工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)認(ren)定(ding)，幫助勞(lao)(lao)動者盡快獲(huo)得救(jiu)濟。建(jian)議行政(zheng)部門加大對用(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)行為的(de)(de)監督力度，提(ti)高工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)認(ren)定(ding)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)水(shui)平。加強(qiang)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)(shang)保險(xian)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)的(de)(de)理解，準確把握精神，規(gui)(gui)范認(ren)定(ding)程序，當勞(lao)(lao)動者合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權益受到(dao)(dao)侵害提(ti)出維權時，及時糾正(zheng)用(yong)人單位(wei)違法(fa)(fa)(fa)行為，支(zhi)持勞(lao)(lao)動者合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)訴求。

日期：2020-4-28 15:17:02 | 關閉 |