中新網重慶4月(yue)28日(ri)(ri)電 (記者 劉賢)如何準確把握工傷認定中的“工作(zuo)原因”“工作(zuo)時間”?這對于(yu)勞(lao)動者和用人單位,乃至相關(guan)行政(zheng)(zheng)機關(guan)都非(fei)常重要。重慶市司法局28日(ri)(ri)公(gong)布的一個(ge)行政(zheng)(zheng)復議年度典型案例(li)頗具指導意義。
陪客人吃飯后遭小轎車撞傷引工傷認定爭議
在這(zhe)個“某(mou)某(mou)某(mou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)服(fu)某(mou)區(qu)人(ren)社(she)局(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)予認(ren)定(ding)工傷決定(ding)案”中(zhong),申請(qing)人(ren)因(yin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)服(fu)被申請(qing)人(ren)(某(mou)區(qu)人(ren)力資(zi)源和社(she)會保障局(ju))作出的《不(bu)(bu)(bu)予認(ren)定(ding)工傷決定(ding)書(shu)》,向行政復議機關申請(qing)行政復議。
2014年10月17日晚上9點(dian),申(shen)請人(ren)接到所在用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位即第三人(ren)及相關(guan)(guan)負責人(ren)的通知(zhi),與該公司相關(guan)(guan)負責人(ren)一(yi)道接待某公司一(yi)行客(ke)人(ren)。申(shen)請人(ren)陪同(tong)客(ke)人(ren)在某大飯店(dian)內部歌廳(ting)(ting)唱歌、內部餐廳(ting)(ting)吃夜宵(xiao)。某大飯店(dian)負責人(ren)為(wei)申(shen)請人(ren)在某大飯店(dian)單(dan)(dan)獨開房間以方便陪同(tong)客(ke)人(ren)。
申請人(ren)入住時,因客(ke)人(ren)表示想到(dao)酒店外面吃些東(dong)西,便一道陪同。吃完回到(dao)某大飯(fan)店門口(kou)時,申請人(ren)被黃某駕駛(shi)小轎車撞傷。申請人(ren)認(ren)為這屬于在工作(zuo)時間(jian)因工作(zuo)原因受到(dao)的(de)傷害,應當認(ren)定(ding)為工傷。
被(bei)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)認(ren)為(wei),從申(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)2014年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)17日(ri)通話(hua)記(ji)錄、申(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)證人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)證言、用人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)提交的(de)(de)相關舉(ju)證材料(含申(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)認(ren)定的(de)(de)舉(ju)證意見、申(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)2014年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)1日(ri)至10月(yue)(yue)31日(ri)考勤表(biao)、排班表(biao)、某公司出具的(de)(de)書面證明)、用人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)證言,可證實(shi)用人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)未安(an)排申(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參與某公司來(lai)訪的(de)(de)接待(dai)(dai)活動。2014年(nian)10月(yue)(yue)18日(ri)(凌晨)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)也(ye)非(fei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原因(yin)(yin)與某公司相關人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan)外(wai)出吃宵夜(ye),其受到的(de)(de)傷(shang)害(hai)不屬于工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)。且(qie)申(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不屬于該用人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)管理層人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)(yuan),根本沒有(you)資(zi)格參與接待(dai)(dai)。用人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)也(ye)沒有(you)安(an)排申(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)參與接待(dai)(dai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),用人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)接待(dai)(dai)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)于當晚21時(shi)就(jiu)已經結束,所以申(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)不是在工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)間因(yin)(yin)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)原因(yin)(yin)受到傷(shang)害(hai),依法不應認(ren)定為(wei)工(gong)(gong)傷(shang)。
行政(zheng)復議(yi)機(ji)(ji)關認為,申(shen)請(qing)人(ren)(ren)系(xi)該用人(ren)(ren)單位財務(wu)部(bu)從事IT主管工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)員工(gong)(gong)(gong),事實上受(shou)(shou)到用人(ren)(ren)單位的(de)安排(pai)參(can)與了對某(mou)公司的(de)接待工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。陪同某(mou)公司客人(ren)(ren)外出吃飯(fan)屬(shu)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)接待的(de)范(fan)疇,在返回途中因肇事司機(ji)(ji)過錯遭遇車禍受(shou)(shou)到傷(shang)害,屬(shu)于(yu)因工(gong)(gong)(gong)外出由(you)(you)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)因受(shou)(shou)到的(de)傷(shang)害。傷(shang)害的(de)發(fa)生與其工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)具(ju)有(you)相當的(de)關聯性。根(gen)據《工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)保險(xian)條(tiao)例》第十四條(tiao)第(五(wu))項的(de)規定(ding),因工(gong)(gong)(gong)外出期間,由(you)(you)于(yu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)原(yuan)因受(shou)(shou)到傷(shang)害或者發(fa)生事故(gu)下落(luo)不明(ming)的(de),應當認定(ding)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)。綜上,行政(zheng)復議(yi)機(ji)(ji)關決定(ding)撤銷被申(shen)請(qing)人(ren)(ren)的(de)不予認定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)傷(shang)決定(ding),并責令其重新作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)出決定(ding)。
案例評析:認定工傷的核心在于是否是因工作原因外出
行(xing)政復議機關(guan)評析(xi),對(dui)本案(an)而言(yan),爭議焦點在(zai)(zai)于(yu)申(shen)請(qing)人是(shi)(shi)否屬于(yu)因(yin)工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)因(yin)遭(zao)遇交通事(shi)(shi)故。根據《工(gong)傷保險條例》第十四條第(五)項(xiang)的規定,因(yin)工(gong)外出期(qi)間(jian)(jian),由于(yu)工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)因(yin)受到傷害或者發生(sheng)事(shi)(shi)故下(xia)落不明的,應(ying)當認定為(wei)工(gong)傷。其(qi)中認定工(gong)傷的核心就在(zai)(zai)于(yu)是(shi)(shi)否是(shi)(shi)因(yin)工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)因(yin)外出,對(dui)于(yu)工(gong)作(zuo)原(yuan)因(yin)及工(gong)作(zuo)時間(jian)(jian)的認定應(ying)從以(yi)下(xia)方(fang)面進(jin)行(xing):
第(di)一,工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原因(yin)的(de)認定(ding)并(bing)不是嚴(yan)格(ge)限定(ding)在雙方約定(ding)的(de)本職(zhi)崗位(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)范圍(wei)內。其(qi)他為(wei)(wei)用(yong)(yong)人單位(wei)(wei)的(de)利益所(suo)付出(chu)的(de)勞動(dong)(dong)亦(yi)構成“工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原因(yin)”。其(qi)包括但不限于如“因(yin)從事(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)人單位(wei)(wei)臨(lin)時指派的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)受(shou)傷、因(yin)從事(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)而解決必要生(sheng)理(li)需要(如喝水、用(yong)(yong)餐(can)、上廁所(suo)、正常的(de)休(xiu)息(xi))時受(shou)傷及(ji)為(wei)(wei)了用(yong)(yong)人單位(wei)(wei)的(de)利益,從事(shi)(shi)超出(chu)本職(zhi)崗位(wei)(wei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)范圍(wei)活動(dong)(dong)受(shou)傷”等情形。對“因(yin)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)原因(yin)受(shou)到(dao)傷害”,從我國現行法律規定(ding)來看,只要求受(shou)到(dao)傷害的(de)結果(guo)與從事(shi)(shi)的(de)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)有相當(dang)程度的(de)關(guan)聯(lian)性(xing)即可。
第二,工(gong)傷中的“工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”不是簡(jian)單(dan)指用人單(dan)位制度下的標(biao)準工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian),還(huan)應包括上下班途中時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、加班時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(包括自愿加班時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian))、臨時(shi)(shi)接受工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)任務時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、因公出差(cha)期間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、非法(fa)延長的工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等。