最高法、最高檢、公安部、工信部等十部門聯合印發
《關于依法懲治涉槍支、彈藥、爆炸物、易燃易爆危險物品犯罪的意見》
正義網北京12月30日(ri)電(檢察(cha)日(ri)報(bao)全(quan)媒體記(ji)者徐日(ri)丹) 12月30日(ri),最高人民法(fa)院、最高人民檢察(cha)院、公安部、工業(ye)和信息化部等(deng)十(shi)部門聯合(he)印發《關于依法(fa)懲(cheng)治涉槍(qiang)支、彈藥、爆炸物、易燃易爆危(wei)險(xian)物品犯罪的意(yi)見(jian)》(以下(xia)簡稱《意(yi)見(jian)》),自2021年12月31日(ri)起(qi)施行(xing)。
槍(qiang)(qiang)支(zhi)(zhi)、彈(dan)(dan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、易(yi)(yi)(yi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)易(yi)(yi)(yi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)品的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)制和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)直接關(guan)系到社(she)會(hui)治(zhi)安(an)秩序(xu)和(he)(he)公(gong)(gong)共安(an)全,一(yi)(yi)旦失(shi)管(guan)(guan)失(shi)控(kong)流入非(fei)法(fa)途(tu)徑(jing)、被人(ren)利用于(yu)非(fei)法(fa)目的(de)(de)(de),將(jiang)造成(cheng)嚴(yan)重社(she)會(hui)危(wei)害,形成(cheng)重大安(an)全風險(xian)(xian)隱(yin)患,必(bi)須實(shi)(shi)行(xing)嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)制和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)措施(shi)。我國對(dui)槍(qiang)(qiang)支(zhi)(zhi)、彈(dan)(dan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、易(yi)(yi)(yi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)易(yi)(yi)(yi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)品的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)、經營、持(chi)有(you)、使(shi)用、儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)、運(yun)輸等規定了嚴(yan)格的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)制和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)措施(shi),與(yu)(yu)此同時,我國正(zheng)處(chu)于(yu)社(she)會(hui)轉型期,對(dui)槍(qiang)(qiang)支(zhi)(zhi)、彈(dan)(dan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)物(wu)(wu)(wu)、易(yi)(yi)(yi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)易(yi)(yi)(yi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)品的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)制和(he)(he)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)制度(du)也(ye)在不斷根(gen)據形勢的(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)相應調整。實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)中,一(yi)(yi)些涉槍(qiang)(qiang)支(zhi)(zhi)、彈(dan)(dan)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)、爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)炸(zha)物(wu)(wu)(wu)違法(fa)活(huo)動和(he)(he)非(fei)法(fa)違法(fa)從(cong)事易(yi)(yi)(yi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)易(yi)(yi)(yi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)經營活(huo)動行(xing)為時有(you)發生(sheng),典型的(de)(de)(de)如(ru)謊報匿報擅自從(cong)事易(yi)(yi)(yi)燃(ran)(ran)(ran)易(yi)(yi)(yi)爆(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)危(wei)險(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)品儲(chu)存(cun)(cun)、運(yun)輸等活(huo)動,嚴(yan)重影響(xiang)社(she)會(hui)公(gong)(gong)共安(an)全,危(wei)及人(ren)民群眾(zhong)生(sheng)命財產(chan)(chan)安(an)全。對(dui)于(yu)此類行(xing)為,行(xing)政(zheng)執(zhi)法(fa)難度(du)大,迫(po)切(qie)需(xu)要進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)明確刑(xing)事處(chu)罰范圍和(he)(he)行(xing)政(zheng)執(zhi)法(fa)與(yu)(yu)刑(xing)事司法(fa)銜接工作程序(xu)機制。為進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步(bu)(bu)貫徹(che)落實(shi)(shi)黨中央決策部(bu)署(shu),推(tui)進(jin)(jin)更高水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)安(an)中國建設,最高人(ren)民法(fa)院牽(qian)頭與(yu)(yu)最高人(ren)民檢察院、公(gong)(gong)安(an)部(bu)以及工業和(he)(he)信息化部(bu)等七個(ge)行(xing)政(zheng)執(zhi)法(fa)機關(guan)共同開展(zhan)調研,廣泛征求各方面(mian)意見(jian),形成(cheng)了《意見(jian)》。
《意見》包(bao)括總體要(yao)求(qiu)、正(zheng)確認定犯罪(zui)、準(zhun)確把握刑事(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)策、加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)行政(zheng)(zheng)執(zhi)法(fa)與刑事(shi)司法(fa)銜接、其他(ta)問(wen)題等五個部分(fen),共二(er)十五條。《意見》以習近平法(fa)治(zhi)思想為指導(dao),堅持依法(fa)嚴(yan)懲(cheng)嚴(yan)重危(wei)害公共安(an)(an)全(quan)的(de)涉槍支(zhi)、彈(dan)藥、爆炸物、易燃易爆危(wei)險物品(pin)犯罪(zui)總體原則(ze),切(qie)實(shi)維護(hu)公共安(an)(an)全(quan),保護(hu)人民群(qun)眾生命財產安(an)(an)全(quan)。同(tong)時堅持問(wen)題導(dao)向(xiang),不求(qiu)面面俱到,著力于解決實(shi)踐中存在(zai)的(de)突出問(wen)題,為行政(zheng)(zheng)執(zhi)法(fa)和司法(fa)實(shi)踐提供有效指引;堅持加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)協調(diao)配合,形(xing)成打擊違法(fa)犯罪(zui)的(de)工作合力。
《意見》強(qiang)調,嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)禁非法(fa)制造、買賣(mai)、運輸(shu)、郵寄、儲存、持(chi)(chi)有、私(si)藏、走私(si)槍支、彈藥、爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)物,嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)禁未經(jing)批準(zhun)和許(xu)可(ke)擅自生產(chan)、儲存、使(shi)(shi)用、經(jing)營、運輸(shu)易(yi)(yi)燃易(yi)(yi)爆(bao)(bao)危險(xian)物品(pin),嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)禁違反安(an)全(quan)(quan)管理(li)規定生產(chan)、儲存、使(shi)(shi)用、經(jing)營、運輸(shu)易(yi)(yi)燃易(yi)(yi)爆(bao)(bao)危險(xian)物品(pin),依法(fa)嚴(yan)(yan)(yan)厲打擊涉槍支、彈藥、爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)物、易(yi)(yi)燃易(yi)(yi)爆(bao)(bao)危險(xian)物品(pin)違法(fa)犯(fan)罪;人民(min)法(fa)院、人民(min)檢(jian)察院、公安(an)機(ji)關、有關行(xing)政執法(fa)機(ji)關應(ying)當堅持(chi)(chi)人民(min)至上、生命至上,統籌發(fa)展和安(an)全(quan)(quan),充(chong)分發(fa)揮(hui)工作(zuo)職能(neng),按照(zhao)法(fa)定職責分工負(fu)責、配合協(xie)作(zuo),加強(qiang)溝通協(xie)調,在履行(xing)職責過(guo)程中發(fa)現涉嫌(xian)槍支、彈藥、爆(bao)(bao)炸(zha)物、易(yi)(yi)燃易(yi)(yi)爆(bao)(bao)危險(xian)物品(pin)犯(fan)罪的(de),應(ying)當及時相互通報情(qing)況,共(gong)同(tong)進行(xing)防范和懲治(zhi)(zhi),維(wei)護社會治(zhi)(zhi)安(an)大局(ju)穩定。
針對(dui)實踐中涉槍支(zhi)、彈(dan)藥(yao)、爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)、易(yi)燃易(yi)爆(bao)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)違(wei)(wei)法(fa)犯(fan)罪查辦懲(cheng)處(chu)過(guo)(guo)程中存在(zai)的(de)(de)突出(chu)問題,《意(yi)見》重(zhong)(zhong)點就如(ru)何正確(que)認(ren)定(ding)犯(fan)罪作出(chu)了明確(que)規(gui)定(ding)。一(yi)是(shi)對(dui)于(yu)非法(fa)制造、買(mai)賣(mai)、運(yun)(yun)輸、郵(you)寄、儲存、盜(dao)竊、搶(qiang)奪、搶(qiang)劫、持(chi)有、私藏、走私槍支(zhi)、彈(dan)藥(yao)、爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),并(bing)利用該槍支(zhi)、彈(dan)藥(yao)、爆(bao)炸(zha)(zha)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實施故(gu)(gu)意(yi)殺人(ren)、故(gu)(gu)意(yi)傷害(hai)、搶(qiang)劫、綁架等(deng)(deng)犯(fan)罪的(de)(de),予(yu)以(yi)數罪并(bing)罰(fa)。二是(shi)對(dui)于(yu)違(wei)(wei)反危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)化學品(pin)(pin)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)規(gui)定(ding)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)道路運(yun)(yun)輸易(yi)燃易(yi)爆(bao)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin),危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)及(ji)公(gong)(gong)共安全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de),依(yi)照危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)駕(jia)駛(shi)罪定(ding)罪處(chu)罰(fa);在(zai)易(yi)燃易(yi)爆(bao)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)、經營、儲存等(deng)(deng)高度危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)作業(ye)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)中違(wei)(wei)反有關(guan)(guan)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding),具有發生(sheng)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)傷亡(wang)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)或(huo)者(zhe)其他嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)果(guo)的(de)(de)現實危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de),以(yi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)作業(ye)罪定(ding)罪處(chu)罰(fa);實施上(shang)述行(xing)為,導致發生(sheng)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)傷亡(wang)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)或(huo)者(zhe)其他嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)果(guo),構成(cheng)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)肇事(shi)罪等(deng)(deng)罪名的(de)(de),擇一(yi)重(zhong)(zhong)罪并(bing)從重(zhong)(zhong)處(chu)罰(fa)。三是(shi)對(dui)于(yu)在(zai)水(shui)路、鐵路、航(hang)空易(yi)燃易(yi)爆(bao)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)運(yun)(yun)輸生(sheng)產(chan)作業(ye)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)中違(wei)(wei)反有關(guan)(guan)安全(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding),明知存在(zai)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)事(shi)故(gu)(gu)隱患而不(bu)排除(chu),足以(yi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)公(gong)(gong)共安全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de),可認(ren)定(ding)為以(yi)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)方法(fa)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)害(hai)公(gong)(gong)共安全(quan)(quan)(quan)罪;對(dui)于(yu)旅客個人(ren)隨身攜(xie)帶(dai)或(huo)者(zhe)在(zai)托(tuo)運(yun)(yun)的(de)(de)少(shao)量行(xing)李(li)中夾帶(dai)易(yi)燃易(yi)爆(bao)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin),危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)及(ji)公(gong)(gong)共安全(quan)(quan)(quan),情節嚴(yan)重(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de),以(yi)非法(fa)攜(xie)帶(dai)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)險(xian)(xian)(xian)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)品(pin)(pin)危(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)及(ji)公(gong)(gong)共安全(quan)(quan)(quan)罪定(ding)罪處(chu)罰(fa)。司法(fa)機關(guan)(guan)應當根據刑(xing)法(fa)和《意(yi)見》上(shang)述規(gui)定(ding),依(yi)法(fa)正確(que)運(yun)(yun)用刑(xing)罰(fa)手段,有效打擊(ji)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)犯(fan)罪活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)。
《意見》堅持寬嚴相濟刑事(shi)政策,明(ming)確(que)(que)了涉槍支、彈藥(yao)、爆(bao)(bao)炸物(wu)(wu)、易(yi)(yi)燃易(yi)(yi)爆(bao)(bao)危(wei)險(xian)物(wu)(wu)品犯(fan)罪(zui)案(an)件處(chu)理中的政策把握(wo)問題。《意見》明(ming)確(que)(que),利用信息網絡非法買賣槍支、彈藥(yao)、爆(bao)(bao)炸物(wu)(wu)、易(yi)(yi)燃易(yi)(yi)爆(bao)(bao)危(wei)險(xian)物(wu)(wu)品,或者(zhe)利用寄(ji)遞渠道非法運輸(shu)槍支、彈藥(yao)、爆(bao)(bao)炸物(wu)(wu)、易(yi)(yi)燃易(yi)(yi)爆(bao)(bao)危(wei)險(xian)物(wu)(wu)品,依法構成犯(fan)罪(zui)的,從嚴追究刑事(shi)責任(ren);因正常生產、生活需要實施(shi)犯(fan)罪(zui),以(yi)及具有主動上交槍支、彈藥(yao)、爆(bao)(bao)炸物(wu)(wu)、易(yi)(yi)燃易(yi)(yi)爆(bao)(bao)危(wei)險(xian)物(wu)(wu)品和自首(shou)、立功等(deng)情節的,依法予以(yi)從寬處(chu)罰。
此外,《意見》還根據相(xiang)關法律(lv)、行(xing)政法規(gui)的規(gui)定,對(dui)如(ru)何加強涉槍支、彈藥(yao)、爆炸物、易燃易爆危險物品(pin)違法犯罪案(an)件行(xing)政執法與刑事司法程序銜接作(zuo)出(chu)了細化規(gui)定,并對(dui)易燃易爆危險物品(pin)的范圍(wei)作(zuo)了原則(ze)性規(gui)定。
《意見》施(shi)行(xing)后,最高人(ren)民法(fa)院、最高人(ren)民檢(jian)察院、公安(an)部將進一步加強與有(you)關行(xing)政執(zhi)法(fa)機關的協調(diao)配合(he),形成打擊涉槍支、彈藥(yao)、爆炸物、易燃易爆危險物品(pin)違法(fa)犯罪長效工作機制,切實維護公共安(an)全(quan)(quan)和社會治安(an)大局穩(wen)定,保(bao)障人(ren)民群眾合(he)法(fa)權益(yi),為經(jing)濟社會發展提供堅實安(an)全(quan)(quan)保(bao)障。