cciia.org.cn 2022-5-25 15:46:05 最高(gao)人(ren)民法院
2022年5月25日，最(zui)高(gao)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)法(fa)院發布《最(zui)高(gao)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)法(fa)院關(guan)(guan)于加(jia)強區塊鏈司法(fa)應用(yong)的(de)意見(jian)》（以下簡稱(cheng)《意見(jian)》）。這(zhe)是人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)法(fa)院深(shen)入貫(guan)徹習近平(ping)法(fa)治思想、落實習近平(ping)總書(shu)記(ji)關(guan)(guan)于推(tui)動區塊鏈技(ji)術(shu)創新發展重要指示精神的(de)具體舉(ju)措，將進(jin)(jin)一步推(tui)進(jin)(jin)人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)法(fa)院運用(yong)以區塊鏈為代表(biao)的(de)關(guan)(guan)鍵技(ji)術(shu)加(jia)速人(ren)民(min)(min)(min)法(fa)院數字化變(bian)革、創造更(geng)高(gao)水(shui)平(ping)數字正義(yi)，促進(jin)(jin)法(fa)治與科技(ji)深(shen)度融合(he)發展、推(tui)動智慧(hui)法(fa)治建(jian)設邁向(xiang)更(geng)高(gao)層次。
以習(xi)近(jin)(jin)平(ping)同志為核心的(de)黨中(zhong)央(yang)高(gao)度重視(shi)區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈(lian)技(ji)(ji)術應用(yong)(yong)和(he)(he)發(fa)展。習(xi)近(jin)(jin)平(ping)總書記強調，要把區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈(lian)作為核心技(ji)(ji)術自主(zhu)創新的(de)重要突破口(kou)，加(jia)快推動區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈(lian)技(ji)(ji)術和(he)(he)產業(ye)創新發(fa)展，積極(ji)推進(jin)區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈(lian)和(he)(he)經濟社會融(rong)合發(fa)展。近(jin)(jin)年來，人民法院大力推進(jin)區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈(lian)技(ji)(ji)術在司法領域應用(yong)(yong)，建成(cheng)人民法院司法區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈(lian)平(ping)臺，司法區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈(lian)上鏈(lian)存證超過22億(yi)條(tiao)，存固證據、智能輔助、卷宗管理等方面應用(yong)(yong)效能和(he)(he)規范程(cheng)度不(bu)斷提升(sheng)，電子(zi)證據、電子(zi)送達存驗(yan)證防篡(cuan)改(gai)等應用(yong)(yong)場景落地見效。
為進一步加強(qiang)區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈(lian)(lian)在司(si)法領域應用(yong)，充分發揮區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈(lian)(lian)在促進司(si)法公(gong)信、服(fu)務社會治(zhi)理、防范化(hua)解風險、推動(dong)高(gao)質(zhi)量發展等(deng)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)的作用(yong)，最(zui)高(gao)人(ren)民(min)法院(yuan)在充分調研(yan)、廣泛(fan)征求(qiu)(qiu)意(yi)(yi)見(jian)、多方(fang)(fang)論證基(ji)礎上，制定(ding)出臺《意(yi)(yi)見(jian)》。《意(yi)(yi)見(jian)》包括(kuo)七個部分32條內容，明(ming)確(que)人(ren)民(min)法院(yuan)加強(qiang)區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈(lian)(lian)司(si)法應用(yong)總體要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)及人(ren)民(min)法院(yuan)區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈(lian)(lian)平臺建設要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，提出區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈(lian)(lian)技術(shu)在提升(sheng)司(si)法公(gong)信力、提高(gao)司(si)法效率、增強(qiang)司(si)法協(xie)同能力、服(fu)務經濟社會治(zhi)理等(deng)四個方(fang)(fang)面(mian)典型場景應用(yong)方(fang)(fang)向，明(ming)確(que)區(qu)塊(kuai)(kuai)鏈(lian)(lian)應用(yong)保障措施。《意(yi)(yi)見(jian)》主要(yao)有(you)以下幾個鮮明(ming)特點：
一是提出建成(cheng)(cheng)互(hu)通(tong)共享的(de)司(si)法區塊鏈聯(lian)盟。《意見(jian)》提出到2025年，建成(cheng)(cheng)人民(min)法院(yuan)與社(she)會各行(xing)各業互(hu)通(tong)共享的(de)區塊鏈聯(lian)盟，數(shu)據(ju)核(he)驗、可信(xin)操作、智能(neng)合約、跨(kua)鏈協(xie)同等基礎支持能(neng)力大(da)幅(fu)提升，司(si)法區塊鏈跨(kua)鏈聯(lian)盟融入經(jing)濟社(she)會運行(xing)體系，主動服務(wu)(wu)營商環境優(you)化、經(jing)濟社(she)會治理、風(feng)險防范化解和(he)產業創新發(fa)展，服務(wu)(wu)平安中國(guo)(guo)、法治中國(guo)(guo)、數(shu)字(zi)中國(guo)(guo)和(he)誠信(xin)中國(guo)(guo)建設，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)中國(guo)(guo)特色、世界領(ling)先(xian)的(de)區塊鏈司(si)法領(ling)域應(ying)用模式。
二是明確人民(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)區(qu)塊鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)要(yao)求(qiu)。《意見》明確要(yao)求(qiu)人民(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)加(jia)強(qiang)區(qu)塊鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)應用(yong)頂層設(she)計、持(chi)續(xu)推進跨鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)協同應用(yong)能(neng)力建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)、提(ti)升司法(fa)(fa)區(qu)塊鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)技術能(neng)力、建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)互聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)司法(fa)(fa)區(qu)塊鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)驗證平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)、建(jian)(jian)(jian)立健全(quan)標準規范體(ti)系。《意見》提(ti)出要(yao)打(da)造(zao)開放共享的全(quan)國法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)司法(fa)(fa)區(qu)塊鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)，加(jia)強(qiang)司法(fa)(fa)區(qu)塊鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)與各行(xing)業區(qu)塊鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)跨鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)聯(lian)(lian)盟建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，持(chi)續(xu)提(ti)升協同能(neng)力；要(yao)在互聯(lian)(lian)網(wang)(wang)端建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)司法(fa)(fa)區(qu)塊鏈(lian)(lian)(lian)驗證平(ping)臺(tai)(tai)，支持(chi)當事人等相關主體(ti)對(dui)調(diao)解數(shu)據、電子證據、訴訟文書等司法(fa)(fa)數(shu)據進行(xing)真偽核驗。
三是提出(chu)運用區塊(kuai)鏈(lian)數據(ju)防篡改技術提升(sheng)司(si)法(fa)(fa)公信(xin)力。《意見》提出(chu)推(tui)進人民法(fa)(fa)院電(dian)子(zi)卷宗(zong)、電(dian)子(zi)檔案(an)、司(si)法(fa)(fa)統計報(bao)表等(deng)司(si)法(fa)(fa)數據(ju)上(shang)鏈(lian)存(cun)儲(chu)，推(tui)動執行案(an)件等(deng)數據(ju)和(he)操作(zuo)(zuo)上(shang)鏈(lian)存(cun)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)，推(tui)動人民法(fa)(fa)院送達的訴(su)訟文書和(he)送達回執在司(si)法(fa)(fa)區塊(kuai)鏈(lian)平臺統一存(cun)儲(chu)，保障(zhang)司(si)法(fa)(fa)數據(ju)安(an)全(quan)、操作(zuo)(zuo)合(he)規。《意見》明確健全(quan)完(wan)善區塊(kuai)鏈(lian)平臺證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)核驗(yan)功能，支(zhi)持當(dang)事人和(he)法(fa)(fa)官在線核驗(yan)通過區塊(kuai)鏈(lian)存(cun)儲(chu)的電(dian)子(zi)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)，推(tui)動完(wan)善區塊(kuai)鏈(lian)存(cun)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的標準(zhun)和(he)規則(ze)，提升(sheng)電(dian)子(zi)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)認定的效率(lv)和(he)質(zhi)量。
四(si)是提(ti)(ti)出應用區(qu)塊鏈優化業務(wu)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)提(ti)(ti)高司法效率。《意見(jian)》提(ti)(ti)出支(zhi)(zhi)持立(li)案信息流(liu)(liu)轉應用、調解與(yu)審判流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)銜接應用、審判與(yu)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)銜接聯(lian)動(dong)、提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)效率、支(zhi)(zhi)持執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)干警便(bian)捷(jie)辦案等(deng)五個(ge)典型(xing)應用場景，提(ti)(ti)高業務(wu)流(liu)(liu)程(cheng)自動(dong)化水平(ping)，提(ti)(ti)升(sheng)司法效率。《意見(jian)》提(ti)(ti)出建立(li)調解協(xie)議不履行(xing)(xing)自動(dong)觸(chu)發審判立(li)案、執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)立(li)案等(deng)業務(wu)規則和智能(neng)合約程(cheng)序，增強調解程(cheng)序司法權威(wei)，支(zhi)(zhi)持多元糾紛化解。
五是提(ti)(ti)出應(ying)用(yong)區塊鏈互通聯動(dong)促進司法(fa)協同。《意見》提(ti)(ti)出構(gou)建(jian)人民法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)司法(fa)行(xing)(xing)政部(bu)門(men)跨(kua)鏈協同應(ying)用(yong)，支持實現(xian)參與(yu)訴訟活動(dong)的(de)律(lv)師資質、信用(yong)報(bao)告在(zai)線(xian)查詢及核驗，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)核驗實時性(xing)；提(ti)(ti)出構(gou)建(jian)人民法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)檢察、公(gong)安、司法(fa)行(xing)(xing)政等部(bu)門(men)的(de)跨(kua)鏈協同應(ying)用(yong)，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)案(an)件在(zai)線(xian)流轉效率(lv)和數據互信水平；構(gou)建(jian)人民法(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)與(yu)行(xing)(xing)政執法(fa)、不動(dong)產登記、金融證券(quan)保險(xian)機構(gou)、聯合信用(yong)懲戒等單位(wei)的(de)跨(kua)鏈協同應(ying)用(yong)，建(jian)立自動(dong)化執行(xing)(xing)查控(kong)和信用(yong)懲戒模式，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)協同執行(xing)(xing)工作效率(lv)。
六是(shi)提出(chu)利(li)用(yong)(yong)區(qu)塊鏈(lian)聯盟互信(xin)服務經濟社(she)會(hui)治理(li)。《意見》提出(chu)推進構(gou)建(jian)與(yu)知(zhi)識產(chan)權、市場監管(guan)、產(chan)權登記、交(jiao)易(yi)平臺、數(shu)據權屬、數(shu)據交(jiao)易(yi)、金融機構(gou)、相關政府部門等區(qu)塊鏈(lian)平臺跨鏈(lian)協同應用(yong)(yong)機制(zhi)，支持知(zhi)識產(chan)權保(bao)護、營商環境優化、數(shu)據開發利(li)用(yong)(yong)、金融信(xin)息流轉應用(yong)(yong)、企業(ye)破產(chan)重組、征信(xin)體系建(jian)設(she)等。
On May 25, 2022, the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China released the “Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Strengthening Blockchain Application in the Judicial Field” (hereinafter referred as “the Opinions”), which indicates the concrete actions of the people’s courts in thoroughly implementing the Xi Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s valuable instructions on promoting the innovative development of the blockchain technology. By further facilitating the people’s courts to accelerate the digital transformation with the support of key technologies represented by blockchain and to achieve a higher level of digital justice, the Opinions will promote the in-depth integrated development of the rule of law and technology as well as the higher-quality intelligent rule of law.
The CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core has attached great importance to the application and development of blockchain technology. General Secretary Xi Jinping noted that the blockchain should serve as an essential breakthrough point in independently innovating core technologies and he called for speedy efforts in boosting the innovative development of blockchain technology and industry so as to actively promote the integrated development of blockchain, economy, and society. In recent years, the people’s courts have vigorously furthered the blockchain application in the judicial field by establishing judicial blockchain platforms with over 2.2 billion pieces of evidence stored on the judicial blockchain. The platforms have witnessed the constant improvement of application efficiency and standardization in evidence storage and solidifying, intelligent assistance, case file management, etc., and leveraged blockchain’s strengths in ensuring that electronic evidence and electronic service are stored safely, verified online, and tamper-proof and in other application scenarios.
In order to strengthen blockchain application in the judicial field and give full play to blockchain’s role in cementing judicial credibility, facilitating social governance, preventing and resolving risks, promoting high-quality development, etc., the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China has formulated and released the Opinions on the basis of comprehensive investigation, extensive consultation, and sufficient argumentation. 32 items included in seven parts of the Opinions clarify the overall requirements for blockchain application in the judicial field and requirements for building the blockchain platforms of the people’s courts, chart courses for four typical application scenarios where blockchain technology facilitates the enhancement of judicial credibility, judicial efficiency, judicial collaboration, and economic and social governance, and specify guarantee measures of blockchain application. The Opinions’ features fall into the following six aspects:
First, proposing to build a judicial blockchain alliance featuring interconnectivity and sharing. According to the Opinions, by 2025, a blockchain alliance featuring interconnectivity and sharing between the people’s courts and all social sectors will come into being with the capabilities for fundamental support for data verification, trusted operation, smart contract, interoperation collaboration, etc. to be dramatically improved. By then, the judicial blockchain interoperation alliance is to be integrated into the economic and social operation system, which will actively contribute to the improvement of the business environment, economic and social governance, risk prevention and resolution, and industrial innovation and development, back China to become a peaceful, digital and credit-based country under the rule of law, and foster a world-leading model of blockchain application in the judicial field with Chinese characteristics.
Second, clarifying requirements on building the blockchain platforms of the people’s courts. The Opinions make it clear that the people’s courts need to strengthen the top-level design of blockchain application, constantly advance capacity building for interoperation collaborative application, enhance technical capabilities of the judicial blockchain, build an Internet-based judicial blockchain verification platform, and establish and optimize a standard system. In addition, the Opinions specify that it is required to create an open and shared judicial blockchain platform among people’s courts nationwide, boost the development of the interoperation alliance of the judicial blockchain platform and that of all walks of life so as to constantly enhance synergy, and build a judicial blockchain verification platform on the Internet, which enables parties and other relevant subjects to verify the authenticity of mediation data, electronic evidence, litigation documents, and other judicial data.
Third, proposing to utilize data tamper-proof technology of blockchain to enhance judicial credibility. In the Opinions, it is required that judicial data of the people’s courts, including electronic case files, electronic archives, and judicial statistical reports, is expected to be stored on the blockchain. Moreover, it is necessary to store data and operations of enforcement cases on the blockchain, uniformly store litigation documents served by the people’s courts and receipts of service on the judicial blockchain platform so as to ensure the security of judicial data and compliance of operations. The Opinions also stipulate that it is necessary to perfect the evidence verification function of the blockchain platform, which enables parties and judges to verify the electronic evidence stored on the blockchain online, so as to contribute to setting sound standards and rules for blockchain-based storage and improve the efficiency and quality of electronic evidence identification.
Fourth, proposing to optimize business processes with blockchain application to constantly improve judicial efficiency. The Opinions outline five typical application scenarios where blockchain enables circulation and application of case-filing information, connected application between mediation and trial procedures, the connection between trial and enforcement procedures, enhancement of enforcement efficiency, and enables enforcement officers and police staff to handle cases more conveniently, making more automatic business processes and higher judicial efficiency possible. Moreover, the Opinions intend to set operational rules on automatically triggering the trial procedure or the enforcement procedure upon the failure to perform mediation agreements and launch the smart contract procedure, so as to cement the judicial authority of the mediation procedure and support diversified dispute resolution.
Fifth, proposing to leverage blockchain interconnectivity to enhance judicial collaboration. The Opinions advocate to realize interoperation collaborative application between the people’s courts and administrative organs, which enables online inquiry and verification of qualifications and credit reports of lawyers in litigation activities, with higher time efficiency; to realize interoperation collaborative application between the people’s courts and procuratorial, public security, judicial, administrative and other organs, so as to improve the efficiency of online case circulation and data mutual trust; to realize interoperation collaborative application between the people’s courts and organs involved in administrative law enforcement, immovable property registration, financial securities and insurance, or organs cooperatively imposing credit-based punishment, etc. and develop a model of automatically carrying out investigation and control in enforcement and imposing credit-based punishment, so as to improve the working efficiency of collaborative enforcement.
Sixth, proposing to exploit the mutual trustworthiness of the blockchain alliance to facilitate economic and social governance. The Opinions suggest that an interoperation collaborative mechanism with blockchain platforms for intellectual property, market regulation, property registration, transactions, data ownership, online data trading, financial institutions, relevant government departments, etc. should be built so as to support intellectual property protection, business environment improvement, data development and utilization, circulation and application of financial information, bankruptcy and restructuring of enterprises, construction of the credit system, etc.
日期：2022-5-25 15:46:05 | 關閉 |
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