cciia.org.cn 2022-12-9 14:04:49 人(ren)民法院新聞傳媒總社
2022年(nian)12月9日(ri)，最高(gao)人民法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)發(fa)布《關于規范和(he)加(jia)強人工智能(neng)司(si)法(fa)(fa)應(ying)用的(de)意見》（以下簡稱《意見》）。這是人民法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)認真學習貫徹黨的(de)二十大精神(shen)，深入貫徹習近平(ping)法(fa)(fa)治思想(xiang)，落實(shi)《中華人民共(gong)和(he)國(guo)國(guo)民經濟和(he)社會發(fa)展第十四(si)個五年(nian)規劃和(he)2035年(nian)遠(yuan)景目標綱要》和(he)《新一(yi)代人工智能(neng)發(fa)展規劃》的(de)具體(ti)舉措，將進一(yi)步推(tui)動(dong)人工智能(neng)同司(si)法(fa)(fa)工作深度(du)融合，全面深化智慧(hui)(hui)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)建設，創造更高(gao)水平(ping)的(de)數字正義，推(tui)動(dong)智慧(hui)(hui)法(fa)(fa)治建設邁(mai)向更高(gao)層次。
黨的(de)十八大以(yi)來，在以(yi)習(xi)近(jin)平同(tong)志為(wei)核心(xin)的(de)黨中央堅強領導下，全國(guo)各級法(fa)(fa)院以(yi)習(xi)近(jin)平新時代中國(guo)特色社會主(zhu)義(yi)思(si)想(xiang)為(wei)指引(yin)，推(tui)動(dong)大數據、人工(gong)智(zhi)能等(deng)科技創(chuang)新成果同(tong)司法(fa)(fa)工(gong)作深度融合，創(chuang)新互聯網司法(fa)(fa)模式，有力推(tui)動(dong)了司法(fa)(fa)質量、司法(fa)(fa)效率(lv)和司法(fa)(fa)公(gong)信力的(de)不(bu)斷提(ti)升(sheng)。
前期，最(zui)高(gao)(gao)人(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)深入(ru)總結智(zhi)慧法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)建設和(he)互聯網司法(fa)(fa)模式的理論實(shi)踐(jian)經驗，在全球率先(xian)出臺了(le)人(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)在線訴(su)訟規則、在線調解規則、在線運行規則和(he)《最(zui)高(gao)(gao)人(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)關(guan)于加強區塊(kuai)鏈司法(fa)(fa)應用(yong)的意見》，受到世界(jie)許多(duo)國家(jia)司法(fa)(fa)界(jie)廣泛關(guan)注和(he)高(gao)(gao)度評價，這是人(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)(yuan)主動(dong)擁(yong)抱(bao)先(xian)進技術、促進審判體系和(he)審判能力現代(dai)化的創新探索和(he)生(sheng)動(dong)實(shi)踐(jian)，為信息時代(dai)的世界(jie)法(fa)(fa)治文明貢獻了(le)中(zhong)國智(zhi)慧、提(ti)供了(le)中(zhong)國方案。
為(wei)(wei)(wei)進一(yi)步(bu)規范和(he)加強(qiang)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)智能(neng)在(zai)司(si)法(fa)領(ling)域的應(ying)用(yong)，最高人民法(fa)院以習(xi)近平(ping)新時代中國(guo)(guo)特色社會(hui)主(zhu)義思想為(wei)(wei)(wei)指導(dao)(dao)，堅持(chi)司(si)法(fa)為(wei)(wei)(wei)民、公正司(si)法(fa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作主(zhu)線，組織國(guo)(guo)內相關(guan)法(fa)律(lv)和(he)技術專家，充(chong)分調(diao)研、多方論證,廣(guang)泛征求意(yi)(yi)見,系統總(zong)結我國(guo)(guo)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)智能(neng)司(si)法(fa)應(ying)用(yong)的理論依據(ju)、應(ying)用(yong)場景和(he)實踐(jian)經(jing)驗，研究(jiu)制定該《意(yi)(yi)見》，進一(yi)步(bu)明確了人民法(fa)院應(ying)用(yong)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)智能(neng)技術的指導(dao)(dao)思想、總(zong)體目(mu)標、基本原則、應(ying)用(yong)范圍、系統建設(she)和(he)綜合保障等(deng)相關(guan)要求，對于(yu)加快推(tui)(tui)動(dong)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)智能(neng)同司(si)法(fa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作深度融合，規范司(si)法(fa)人工(gong)(gong)(gong)智能(neng)技術應(ying)用(yong)，努力(li)為(wei)(wei)(wei)以中國(guo)(guo)式現代化推(tui)(tui)進中華民族偉大復興提供有力(li)司(si)法(fa)服務具有重要意(yi)(yi)義。
《意見》共(gong)包括六個部(bu)分20條(tiao)內容，主要有(you)以下鮮明特(te)點：
一是提出分(fen)兩個(ge)階段建成具有規則引領(ling)和(he)應用示(shi)范效應的(de)司(si)法(fa)(fa)人(ren)工智(zhi)能技術應用和(he)理(li)論體系(xi)。《意見(jian)》提出到2025年，基本(ben)建成較為(wei)(wei)完備的(de)司(si)法(fa)(fa)人(ren)工智(zhi)能技術應用體系(xi)，為(wei)(wei)司(si)法(fa)(fa)為(wei)(wei)民、公正(zheng)(zheng)司(si)法(fa)(fa)提供全方(fang)位智(zhi)能輔(fu)助支持。到2030年，建成具有規則引領(ling)和(he)應用示(shi)范效應的(de)司(si)法(fa)(fa)人(ren)工智(zhi)能技術應用和(he)理(li)論體系(xi)，為(wei)(wei)司(si)法(fa)(fa)為(wei)(wei)民、公正(zheng)(zheng)司(si)法(fa)(fa)提供全流(liu)程高水平智(zhi)能輔(fu)助支持，應用效能充分(fen)彰(zhang)顯。
二是明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)了人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)司(si)法(fa)(fa)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)需(xu)要遵循(xun)的(de)(de)(de)五項(xiang)基本原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)。《意(yi)見》堅持倫(lun)理(li)規則(ze)(ze)先行的(de)(de)(de)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)司(si)法(fa)(fa)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)理(li)念，提出(chu)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)司(si)法(fa)(fa)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)需(xu)遵循(xun)五項(xiang)基本原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)。分別為，安(an)全(quan)合法(fa)(fa)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)，人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)建設(she)與應(ying)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得損害國(guo)家安(an)全(quan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得侵(qin)犯合法(fa)(fa)權(quan)益，確(que)(que)保國(guo)家秘密、網絡安(an)全(quan)、數據安(an)全(quan)和(he)個人(ren)信息不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)受侵(qin)害；公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)正原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)，人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)品和(he)服務(wu)需(xu)保證無(wu)歧視、無(wu)偏見，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)因技術介入、數據或模型偏差影響審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)過程和(he)結果的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)正，確(que)(que)保智能(neng)(neng)(neng)化司(si)法(fa)(fa)服務(wu)對各類用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)普適包容和(he)機會(hui)(hui)均等；輔助(zhu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)，明(ming)(ming)確(que)(que)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)輔助(zhu)結果僅可(ke)(ke)作為審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)工(gong)(gong)作或審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)監督管(guan)(guan)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)參考，確(que)(que)保司(si)法(fa)(fa)裁(cai)(cai)判(pan)始終(zhong)由審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)人(ren)員作出(chu)，裁(cai)(cai)判(pan)職(zhi)權(quan)始終(zhong)由審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)組織行使，司(si)法(fa)(fa)責任最終(zhong)由裁(cai)(cai)判(pan)者承擔；透(tou)明(ming)(ming)可(ke)(ke)信原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)，要求(qiu)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)司(si)法(fa)(fa)數據采集管(guan)(guan)理(li)模式、法(fa)(fa)律語義認(ren)知過程、輔助(zhu)裁(cai)(cai)判(pan)推定邏輯、司(si)法(fa)(fa)服務(wu)互動機制(zhi)等各個實現環節能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠以可(ke)(ke)解(jie)釋、可(ke)(ke)測試、可(ke)(ke)驗證的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)式接受相關(guan)責任主體的(de)(de)(de)審(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)查、評(ping)估和(he)備案；公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)良(liang)俗原(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)則(ze)(ze)，要求(qiu)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)司(si)法(fa)(fa)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得違(wei)背公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)良(liang)俗，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)損害社(she)會(hui)(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)利益和(he)秩序(xu)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)違(wei)背社(she)會(hui)(hui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)道德和(he)倫(lun)理(li)，并要求(qiu)健全(quan)風險管(guan)(guan)控、應(ying)急處置和(he)責任查究機制(zhi)，防范化解(jie)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智能(neng)(neng)(neng)司(si)法(fa)(fa)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)(neng)(neng)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)倫(lun)理(li)道德風險。
三是(shi)明(ming)(ming)確(que)了人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)應用(yong)的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)應用(yong)范圍(wei)。《意(yi)見》著(zhu)(zhu)重從人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)為(wei)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)全方位智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)輔(fu)助支持、顯著(zhu)(zhu)減輕法(fa)(fa)(fa)官事(shi)務(wu)性工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)負擔、有效(xiao)保障(zhang)(zhang)廉(lian)潔司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)水平、創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)服務(wu)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)等(deng)角(jiao)度(du)，明(ming)(ming)確(que)了人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)應用(yong)的主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)場(chang)景(jing)。要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)加強人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)全流程輔(fu)助辦案，具備(bei)為(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)官裁判(pan)案件全過程提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)輔(fu)助能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，促進(jin)裁判(pan)尺度(du)統一，保障(zhang)(zhang)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)公正，維護司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權威；要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)加強人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)輔(fu)助事(shi)務(wu)性工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，能(neng)(neng)(neng)夠最(zui)大程度(du)依托信息化手段，減少(shao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)官事(shi)務(wu)性工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，降低各類人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)負擔，提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)效(xiao)率；要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)加強人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)輔(fu)助司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)，支持實現對不規范的司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)行為(wei)進(jin)行自動預警，提(ti)(ti)(ti)升司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)質(zhi)效(xiao)，保障(zhang)(zhang)廉(lian)潔司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)；要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)加強人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)服務(wu)多(duo)元(yuan)解紛和(he)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)，為(wei)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)公眾(zhong)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)便捷(jie)的司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)資源(yuan)，為(wei)化解社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)矛(mao)盾、服務(wu)社(she)(she)會(hui)(hui)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)提(ti)(ti)(ti)供(gong)新(xin)(xin)的途徑(jing)和(he)方式(shi)。同時，為(wei)保證應用(yong)場(chang)景(jing)持續創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)和(he)應用(yong)范圍(wei)不斷(duan)(duan)拓展，在第(di)四(si)部分應用(yong)范圍(wei)的最(zui)后(hou)部分，還明(ming)(ming)確(que)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)不斷(duan)(duan)拓寬(kuan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)司(si)(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)應用(yong)場(chang)景(jing)和(he)范圍(wei)，結合(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)工(gong)(gong)(gong)智(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)技術創(chuang)新(xin)(xin)進(jin)程和(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民法(fa)(fa)(fa)院改革發展實踐，積極探(tan)索并不斷(duan)(duan)拓展新(xin)(xin)的應用(yong)范圍(wei)。
四是明確(que)了人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)系統(tong)建(jian)設(she)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。為(wei)確(que)保(bao)(bao)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)得到(dao)更(geng)好的(de)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)支(zhi)持，《意(yi)見》提出(chu)五方(fang)面(mian)的(de)系統(tong)建(jian)設(she)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)頂層設(she)計(ji)，明確(que)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)需按照人(ren)民法(fa)(fa)(fa)院信息(xi)化建(jian)設(she)發展規劃部署(shu)，設(she)計(ji)完善智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)相關(guan)信息(xi)系統(tong)體(ti)系架(jia)構(gou)和技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)標準體(ti)系；要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)數(shu)據中(zhong)臺(tai)和智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院大腦(nao)(nao)建(jian)設(she)，通過打造(zao)實體(ti)化司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)數(shu)據中(zhong)臺(tai)和智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院大腦(nao)(nao)，為(wei)面(mian)向各(ge)類業務的(de)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)提供(gong)核心驅(qu)動；要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)(yong)系統(tong)建(jian)設(she)，以提升智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)化水平為(wei)主線(xian)，建(jian)設(she)符合(he)先進(jin)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)發展方(fang)向的(de)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)產品(pin)和服務；要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)關(guan)鍵核心技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)攻(gong)關(guan)，依托國家重點工(gong)(gong)程、科(ke)研項目(mu)和科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新平臺(tai)，組織產學研優(you)勢力量，開展關(guan)鍵核心技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)(shu)集智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攻(gong)關(guan)，為(wei)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)系統(tong)建(jian)設(she)提供(gong)牽引和支(zhi)撐；同(tong)時，還要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)加(jia)(jia)強(qiang)基礎設(she)施建(jian)設(she)和安(an)(an)全(quan)運維(wei)保(bao)(bao)障，強(qiang)化網(wang)絡安(an)(an)全(quan)、數(shu)據安(an)(an)全(quan)和個人(ren)信息(xi)保(bao)(bao)護能(neng)(neng)(neng)力，完善人(ren)工(gong)(gong)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)(neng)運行維(wei)護機制(zhi)。
五是在(zai)《意見》的最后部分，對人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)應用過程中的組織領導、知識(shi)產(chan)權保(bao)護、安(an)全保(bao)障等(deng)(deng)相(xiang)關工作要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)也一并進行(xing)了(le)明(ming)確。要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)高(gao)度重視人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能應用對司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)為民、公正司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的重要(yao)(yao)意義，要(yao)(yao)以智(zhi)慧法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)新一代人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能示范應用為契(qi)機(ji)(ji)，努(nu)力(li)推動司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能應用取得突破。要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)完(wan)善(shan)司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)數(shu)據協同共(gong)享和智(zhi)能化(hua)服務共(gong)建共(gong)享機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，切(qie)實保(bao)護相(xiang)關知識(shi)產(chan)權；要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)加強司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)數(shu)據分類(lei)分級(ji)管理(li)，強化(hua)重要(yao)(yao)數(shu)據和敏感信息保(bao)護，通過司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能倫(lun)理(li)委員會等(deng)(deng)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，防范化(hua)解人(ren)(ren)工智(zhi)能應用過程中的安(an)全風(feng)險。
日期：2022-12-9 14:04:49 | 關閉 |
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