cciia.org.cn 2023-4-17 8:32:26 人民(min)網
近日，加(jia)班話題受到廣泛關注，相關問(wen)題引發(fa)熱議。員工拒絕(jue)強制加(jia)班被辭退怎(zen)么辦？在家中“隨時待命”的狀態(tai)是否算作加(jia)班？哪些證據可(ke)以作為認定加(jia)班事實的依(yi)據？針對勞動(dong)者普遍關心的問(wen)題，“人(ren)民說(shuo)法”欄目邀請專家進行解讀(du)。
每天加班不得超(chao)過(guo)3小時
員工拒絕(jue)加班被辭退(tui)可(ke)獲賠償
我國勞動法對(dui)加(jia)班時間(jian)有(you)明確限制(zhi)，除(chu)第四十(shi)二條規定的特殊情形(xing)外，用人單位不得(de)強迫或(huo)者(zhe)變相(xiang)強迫勞動者(zhe)加(jia)班，在保障勞動者(zhe)身體健(jian)康的情況下，每(mei)(mei)天加(jia)班不得(de)超(chao)過3小(xiao)時，每(mei)(mei)月(yue)不得(de)超(chao)過36小(xiao)時。
然(ran)而(er)在實際情況(kuang)(kuang)中(zhong)，員(yuan)工(gong)因為擔心丟掉工(gong)作而(er)選擇(ze)被迫加(jia)班的(de)(de)情況(kuang)(kuang)時有(you)發生。北京道源(yuan)律(lv)師事務(wu)所主任賈(jia)富春表示，用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)因員(yuan)工(gong)拒絕加(jia)班而(er)辭退員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)行為屬(shu)于違(wei)法(fa)解除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同。員(yuan)工(gong)可以提起勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)爭議仲裁(cai)，要求用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)支付違(wei)法(fa)解除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同賠償(chang)金(jin)。也可以不主張賠償(chang)金(jin)，要求撤銷用人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)解除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同的(de)(de)決(jue)定，繼續履(lv)行勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同，并(bing)補(bu)發仲裁(cai)、訴訟期間的(de)(de)工(gong)資(zi)，補(bu)繳五險一(yi)金(jin)。
用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)強(qiang)迫員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)不可(ke)取，但如果(guo)員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)自(zi)愿加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)，用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)是否需要支(zhi)付(fu)加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)費？賈富春從以下三(san)種(zhong)情(qing)形展開介紹：第一，員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)明(ming)確表示自(zi)愿加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)且(qie)放棄加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)費，用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)可(ke)以不支(zhi)付(fu)加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)費；第二，用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)依(yi)據規章(zhang)制度的規則視(shi)為員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)自(zi)愿加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)，但若是單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)提供了工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)條(tiao)件且(qie)接受了員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)成果(guo)，其(qi)本質上也屬于單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)安排的加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)，應(ying)當(dang)支(zhi)付(fu)加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)費；第三(san)，如果(guo)用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)規定，員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)未在標準工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時間內完(wan)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)任務而(er)加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)的，不視(shi)為加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)或視(shi)為自(zi)愿加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)，但若員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)未完(wan)成工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)任務是由于工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)量(liang)超(chao)過了員(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)在標準時間內可(ke)以完(wan)成的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)量(liang)，則這種(zhong)加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)應(ying)當(dang)視(shi)為是企業的原因導致的加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)，應(ying)當(dang)支(zhi)付(fu)加(jia)(jia)班(ban)(ban)費。
“如果確實有需要，用(yong)人單位可(ke)以(yi)提前(qian)安排加(jia)班，并(bing)取(qu)得員工的(de)同意。也可(ke)以(yi)采取(qu)員工申(shen)請加(jia)班并(bing)由單位批準的(de)形式合法安排加(jia)班。”賈富春(chun)說。
加班不受地點限制
應注意留存加班證據
隨(sui)著電(dian)子設備的普及，員工可以通(tong)過電(dian)話、微信、郵件等方式隨(sui)時(shi)隨(sui)地辦公，節假日員工在家(jia)中“隨(sui)時(shi)待命(ming)”的狀態是(shi)否算作加班(ban)？賈富春表示，隨(sui)時(shi)可以開始工作的狀態雖不(bu)同于(yu)在家(jia)休(xiu)息(xi)，但實際上并(bing)未提供(gong)勞動。一般建議用人單位從合規的角度出(chu)發，給在家(jia)隨(sui)時(shi)待命(ming)的員工支付值班(ban)津貼(tie)，不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)按照加班(ban)費(fei)的標準支付加班(ban)費(fei)。但期間(jian)如(ru)開始提供(gong)勞動，則(ze)提供(gong)勞動期間(jian)應作為加班(ban)，支付加班(ban)費(fei)。
那(nei)么哪(na)些(xie)證(zheng)據(ju)可(ke)以作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)認(ren)定加(jia)班(ban)(ban)事(shi)實(shi)的(de)依據(ju)？根據(ju)《最高人民(min)法院關于審(shen)理勞動爭(zheng)議案件適用法律(lv)問(wen)題若干(gan)解釋（一）》的(de)規定，加(jia)班(ban)(ban)事(shi)實(shi)和加(jia)班(ban)(ban)時(shi)(shi)長應由(you)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)舉證(zheng)。賈富(fu)春提(ti)醒，員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)在提(ti)供勞動的(de)過程中(zhong)，應注(zhu)意保存加(jia)班(ban)(ban)的(de)證(zheng)據(ju)。“比(bi)如單位安排(pai)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)加(jia)班(ban)(ban)的(de)通知、員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)申(shen)請加(jia)班(ban)(ban)審(shen)批表(biao)、生產型(xing)企業(ye)的(de)排(pai)班(ban)(ban)表(biao)、班(ban)(ban)次(ci)交接表(biao)、非(fei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)打(da)卡(ka)記(ji)錄(lu)、能夠體現非(fei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)場景的(de)照片、視頻等，都可(ke)以作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)有效證(zheng)據(ju)。”
“我(wo)們曾處理過一(yi)(yi)個勞動爭議案件，員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)主張‘五(wu)一(yi)(yi)’法(fa)定假日(ri)的加班(ban)費，提供的證據是(shi)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)所(suo)在公(gong)司(si)(si)網站上的一(yi)(yi)篇新聞報(bao)道，報(bao)道內容顯示時間是(shi)5月(yue)1日(ri)，應(ying)用的圖片(pian)有(you)這名員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)場(chang)景，法(fa)院據此認定員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)在5月(yue)1日(ri)存在加班(ban)的事實，支持(chi)了(le)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)要求(qiu)該公(gong)司(si)(si)支付加班(ban)費的主張。”賈(jia)富春說。
監察力度待加強
員(yuan)工(gong)的(de)法律(lv)意(yi)識需提(ti)高
如(ru)(ru)何進(jin)一(yi)步規(gui)范企業加(jia)(jia)班(ban)管(guan)理行(xing)為，保障員工(gong)合法權益(yi)？賈富春表(biao)示，從(cong)立法的(de)角度講，我國對于加(jia)(jia)班(ban)的(de)規(gui)定是比較完善的(de)。“比如(ru)(ru)加(jia)(jia)班(ban)需(xu)要(yao)和員工(gong)協商(shang)一(yi)致、什(shen)么情(qing)形下不得安排(pai)員工(gong)加(jia)(jia)班(ban)、加(jia)(jia)班(ban)費的(de)支(zhi)付標(biao)準、單位不支(zhi)付加(jia)(jia)班(ban)費時員工(gong)的(de)維(wei)權渠道等都有明確規(gui)定。”
對此，賈富春從兩個方面提出建議，一是加強勞動保障監察力度，勞動保障執法部門應當主動的深入到企業，對用人單位的合規用工、工作時間、休息休假等進行執法監察，發現違法行為及時進行處理。二是員工應當提高法律意識，拒絕企業不合理的加班要求，保留加班證據，要求支付加班費，保障自己的權益不受侵害。
日期：2023-4-17 8:32:26 | 關閉 |
Copyright © 1999-2021 法律圖(tu)書館
.
.
