cciia.org.cn 2024-1-26 8:17:59 人民(min)網－人民(min)日報
“線上加(jia)班(ban)”如(ru)何計算加(jia)班(ban)費？如(ru)何助推(tui)欠(qian)(qian)薪(xin)(xin)糾(jiu)紛(fen)源頭(tou)治理？1月25日，最(zui)高人民(min)法(fa)院、人力資源和社會保(bao)障部、中華全國(guo)總工會聯(lian)合(he)發(fa)布涉欠(qian)(qian)薪(xin)(xin)糾(jiu)紛(fen)典型案例，回應(ying)群眾關切的熱點問(wen)題(ti)，通過(guo)案例明晰(xi)欠(qian)(qian)薪(xin)(xin)糾(jiu)紛(fen)多元化解決途(tu)徑，促進保(bao)障制度落實落細，從源頭(tou)遏(e)制欠(qian)(qian)薪(xin)(xin)問(wen)題(ti)發(fa)生，推(tui)動(dong)健全根治欠(qian)(qian)薪(xin)(xin)長效(xiao)機制，有效(xiao)維護勞動(dong)者合(he)法(fa)權益。
針對拖欠農(nong)民工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)資案件，法(fa)院完善快立、快審、快執綠色(se)通(tong)道
某(mou)工(gong)程(cheng)技術(shu)(shu)公(gong)司(si)(si)、某(mou)電器公(gong)司(si)(si)、某(mou)市公(gong)路總公(gong)司(si)(si)組成聯合體，中標了(le)一個交通工(gong)程(cheng)項目，該工(gong)程(cheng)技術(shu)(shu)公(gong)司(si)(si)為(wei)牽頭單(dan)位。余(yu)某(mou)從工(gong)程(cheng)技術(shu)(shu)公(gong)司(si)(si)分(fen)包(bao)部(bu)分(fen)施工(gong)項目，并雇(gu)傭(yong)王(wang)(wang)某(mou)等114名農民工(gong)提(ti)供勞務。然而，王(wang)(wang)某(mou)等人按(an)約施工(gong)完畢后(hou)，工(gong)資(zi)卻(que)被(bei)拖(tuo)欠很久(jiu)都沒拿到。拿不到辛苦錢，王(wang)(wang)某(mou)等人向(xiang)法院提(ti)起(qi)訴訟，要求余(yu)某(mou)、工(gong)程(cheng)技術(shu)(shu)公(gong)司(si)(si)等支(zhi)付(fu)工(gong)資(zi)280余(yu)萬元。
114名農(nong)民(min)工(gong)來(lai)自6個(ge)不同(tong)省(sheng)份，如何保(bao)護好農(nong)民(min)工(gong)的(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)權(quan)益(yi)？甘肅省(sheng)張掖市中級人民(min)法(fa)院研(yan)究室主(zhu)任(ren)劉曙光介(jie)紹，法(fa)院依法(fa)簡化王某等人的(de)(de)立案(an)手續(xu)，提高審判(pan)(pan)效(xiao)率，判(pan)(pan)決(jue)中標聯合(he)體(ti)將(jiang)項目違法(fa)分(fen)包給不具備用(yong)工(gong)主(zhu)體(ti)資(zi)格(ge)的(de)(de)余某，應對余某所(suo)欠(qian)付的(de)(de)工(gong)資(zi)承擔共同(tong)清償(chang)責任(ren)。同(tong)時(shi)，法(fa)院加(jia)大(da)執(zhi)行(xing)力度，促(cu)成114名農(nong)民(min)工(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)資(zi)于20天內全部執(zhi)行(xing)完(wan)畢，高效(xiao)兌現了(le)農(nong)民(min)工(gong)的(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)權(quan)益(yi)。
解決好了司法(fa)(fa)個案，還(huan)要(yao)再向(xiang)前延(yan)伸一步(bu)，做好源頭預防、前端治理(li)(li)。根(gen)據《保障(zhang)農(nong)(nong)民工(gong)工(gong)資(zi)支付條例(li)》規(gui)定，施(shi)工(gong)總承包(bao)單位(wei)應當按照有關規(gui)定開設農(nong)(nong)民工(gong)工(gong)資(zi)專(zhuan)用(yong)賬(zhang)戶，專(zhuan)項用(yong)于支付該工(gong)程(cheng)建設項目農(nong)(nong)民工(gong)工(gong)資(zi)。“在案件審(shen)理(li)(li)過程(cheng)中，法(fa)(fa)院發現企業還(huan)存(cun)在未依法(fa)(fa)存(cun)儲農(nong)(nong)民工(gong)工(gong)資(zi)保證金的(de)違法(fa)(fa)行(xing)為，便向(xiang)行(xing)政(zheng)主管部門發出司法(fa)(fa)建議(yi)，敦(dun)促(cu)行(xing)政(zheng)機關依法(fa)(fa)履職盡責(ze)，責(ze)令企業依法(fa)(fa)及時(shi)存(cun)儲農(nong)(nong)民工(gong)工(gong)資(zi)保證金，助推(tui)訴(su)源治理(li)(li)工(gong)作，防止類案出現。”劉曙(shu)光介紹。
“欠薪糾(jiu)紛(fen)關(guan)系著(zhu)勞(lao)動者合法(fa)利益的維護，保障其利益訴(su)(su)求(qiu)快(kuai)速實現具有重要意義。”最(zui)高法(fa)民(min)一(yi)庭(ting)庭(ting)長陳宜芳介(jie)紹，人(ren)民(min)法(fa)院不斷完善拖欠農(nong)民(min)工工資案(an)件的快(kuai)立(li)、快(kuai)審、快(kuai)執綠色(se)通道，充分運用“智(zhi)慧法(fa)院”建設成果，打造在(zai)線訴(su)(su)訟平臺，通過數(shu)字賦能更加便利當事人(ren)，多措并(bing)舉(ju)建立(li)根治欠薪“快(kuai)車(che)道”。
“掛靠”施工(gong)出現欠薪情形(xing)的，施工(gong)單(dan)位應承擔清償(chang)責任
《保障(zhang)農民工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)支付條例》對工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設領(ling)域欠薪以(yi)專章形(xing)式作出(chu)規定，為農民工(gong)(gong)(gong)按時(shi)足(zu)額獲得工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)提供特別(bie)保護。法(fa)律法(fa)規明確規定工(gong)(gong)(gong)程建(jian)設領(ling)域禁(jin)止掛(gua)靠行(xing)為。《保障(zhang)農民工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)支付條例》規定：“施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)允許其他(ta)單(dan)位(wei)和個人以(yi)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)的名義對外(wai)承(cheng)攬建(jian)設工(gong)(gong)(gong)程，導(dao)致拖欠農民工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)的，由施工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)清(qing)償(chang)。”
郭某(mou)(mou)等借(jie)用某(mou)(mou)建(jian)(jian)設公(gong)(gong)司資(zi)質(zhi)與(yu)(yu)建(jian)(jian)設單位(wei)某(mou)(mou)置業公(gong)(gong)司簽訂(ding)合(he)同，約定置業公(gong)(gong)司將工(gong)程土建(jian)(jian)、安裝工(gong)程承包給建(jian)(jian)設公(gong)(gong)司。劉(liu)某(mou)(mou)以(yi)某(mou)(mou)勞(lao)(lao)務公(gong)(gong)司名義與(yu)(yu)郭某(mou)(mou)等簽訂(ding)勞(lao)(lao)務施工(gong)協(xie)議。劉(liu)某(mou)(mou)雇傭(yong)農民工(gong)盧(lu)(lu)某(mou)(mou)從事砌墻勞(lao)(lao)務工(gong)作。劉(liu)某(mou)(mou)向盧(lu)(lu)某(mou)(mou)出具(ju)8120元(yuan)工(gong)資(zi)欠條。后劉(liu)某(mou)(mou)支付(fu)(fu)(fu)盧(lu)(lu)某(mou)(mou)3000元(yuan)，建(jian)(jian)設公(gong)(gong)司支付(fu)(fu)(fu)盧(lu)(lu)某(mou)(mou)1012元(yuan)，尚(shang)有工(gong)資(zi)4108元(yuan)未付(fu)(fu)(fu)。置業公(gong)(gong)司已按合(he)同約定的比例向建(jian)(jian)設公(gong)(gong)司支付(fu)(fu)(fu)工(gong)程款。盧(lu)(lu)某(mou)(mou)提起訴訟，請求劉(liu)某(mou)(mou)、建(jian)(jian)設公(gong)(gong)司共同支付(fu)(fu)(fu)欠付(fu)(fu)(fu)工(gong)資(zi)，置業公(gong)(gong)司在(zai)欠付(fu)(fu)(fu)工(gong)程款范(fan)圍內(nei)承擔付(fu)(fu)(fu)款責任。
“盧某(mou)與(yu)劉某(mou)之間存在勞務合同關系，劉某(mou)應(ying)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)欠付(fu)(fu)盧某(mou)的工資(zi)4108元。”審理法(fa)院認為，根(gen)據(ju)《保障農民(min)工工資(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)條例》的規定，該建(jian)設(she)公(gong)司(si)(si)允許郭某(mou)等(deng)以公(gong)司(si)(si)名義對(dui)外承攬建(jian)設(she)工程，對(dui)于(yu)拖欠的農民(min)工工資(zi)應(ying)承擔清(qing)償(chang)責任，判(pan)令劉某(mou)、建(jian)設(she)公(gong)司(si)(si)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)盧某(mou)欠付(fu)(fu)工資(zi)。
據介紹(shao)，該案(an)件的處(chu)理(li)方式避免各方主體互相推諉轉嫁風險，既明(ming)晰了違法掛靠情形下拖欠農民工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)資的清償責任主體認定規(gui)則，又(you)有(you)利于倒逼施工(gong)(gong)單位(wei)依(yi)法依(yi)規(gui)參加建(jian)設(she)(she)活動，切實規(gui)范工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建(jian)設(she)(she)、勞動用工(gong)(gong)等行為。
線上加班費(fei)應結合勞動者加班頻率、時長等因(yin)素認(ren)定
“線上加班”如何(he)計(ji)算加班費(fei)，備受社會(hui)關注(zhu)。李(li)某(mou)入職某(mou)文化傳媒(mei)公(gong)司，擔任短視頻(pin)運營(ying)總(zong)監，雙方(fang)簽(qian)訂了(le)勞動合(he)同，約定了(le)三個月的(de)試用期(qi)，試用期(qi)工(gong)(gong)資標準為(wei)每月2萬元。李(li)某(mou)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)期(qi)間(jian)(jian)，在非工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)時間(jian)(jian)完成了(le)回復設(she)計(ji)方(fang)案、方(fang)案改(gai)進等工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。之后，公(gong)司以李(li)某(mou)試用期(qi)不(bu)符合(he)錄用條件為(wei)由解除勞動關系，未支付(fu)李(li)某(mou)加班費(fei)。李(li)某(mou)不(bu)服仲裁(cai)裁(cai)決，提(ti)起(qi)了(le)訴(su)訟。
“法(fa)院以勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)提供(gong)的(de)勞(lao)動(dong)占用其休息(xi)時間為(wei)認(ren)定標(biao)準，綜合(he)考慮勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)加班頻率、時長、工(gong)(gong)資標(biao)準、工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)內(nei)容(rong)(rong)等(deng)因(yin)素，酌情(qing)認(ren)定勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)加班費(fei)(fei)，依法(fa)保護勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)的(de)合(he)法(fa)權益。”北京市第一中級人(ren)民法(fa)院審理認(ren)為(wei)，根據李某(mou)提交的(de)微(wei)信內(nei)容(rong)(rong)、自述公司的(de)考勤時間及(ji)工(gong)(gong)資標(biao)準，酌情(qing)確(que)定某(mou)文化傳(chuan)(chuan)媒(mei)公司支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)延(yan)時加班費(fei)(fei)1萬(wan)元；根據微(wei)信內(nei)容(rong)(rong)等(deng)確(que)定李某(mou)存在三天休息(xi)日到崗事實，判令某(mou)文化傳(chuan)(chuan)媒(mei)公司支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)休息(xi)日加班費(fei)(fei)5517.24元。
當前，部分用(yong)人單位選擇通過第三(san)方(fang)(fang)軟(ruan)件(jian)或(huo)者(zhe)網(wang)絡平臺支(zhi)付(fu)工資，致使勞動(dong)者(zhe)提取工資時存在不便，甚至被扣除部分金額，客觀上導致勞動(dong)者(zhe)收入降低(di)。勞動(dong)者(zhe)作為勞動(dong)關系中相(xiang)對弱勢(shi)方(fang)(fang)，無(wu)法自行(xing)選擇勞動(dong)報酬的(de)支(zhi)付(fu)方(fang)(fang)式，楊某(mou)就面(mian)臨這樣的(de)情況。
楊(yang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)在某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)培訓中心工作，以(yi)前單(dan)位(wei)通過銀行轉(zhuan)賬(zhang)(zhang)、微信轉(zhuan)賬(zhang)(zhang)或者支(zhi)付寶轉(zhuan)賬(zhang)(zhang)方式向楊(yang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)發放工資(zi)。后(hou)來，單(dan)位(wei)通過某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)購(gou)物(wu)平臺向楊(yang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)支(zhi)付工資(zi)，楊(yang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)只能按照比例從某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)購(gou)物(wu)平臺提取部分工資(zi)。“單(dan)位(wei)沒征得我(wo)同意，而(er)且未足額(e)支(zhi)付工資(zi)。”楊(yang)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)認為單(dan)位(wei)違法，申(shen)請勞動爭(zheng)議仲裁(cai)后(hou)不服，又提起了訴訟(song)。
“用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)負(fu)有向勞(lao)動者(zhe)及時足額支(zhi)付(fu)工資的法(fa)(fa)定義(yi)務。”北(bei)京市第三(san)中級(ji)人(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)審理認為，用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)變更(geng)工資支(zhi)付(fu)方(fang)式應與勞(lao)動者(zhe)協商一致，且(qie)不應違反強制性(xing)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)規定；因用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)的原因導致勞(lao)動者(zhe)收入減少的，用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)負(fu)有支(zhi)付(fu)欠付(fu)工資義(yi)務。最終，法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)判令某(mou)培訓中心補足楊(yang)某(mou)的工資差額，引導用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)行使經營自主權。
日期：2024-1-26 8:17:59 | 關閉 |
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