cciia.org.cn 2025-5-22 9:20:30 人民法(fa)院(yuan)報
開欄的話 法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)答網(wang)是最高人(ren)民法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)為全國四(si)級法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)干警提供(gong)(gong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)政策運用(yong)、審判(pan)業務(wu)咨(zi)詢(xun)答疑(yi)和學(xue)習交流服務(wu)的(de)信息(xi)共享(xiang)平臺。通過法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)答網(wang)，法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)干警可以就審判(pan)工作、學(xue)習和研究(jiu)中涉及(ji)的(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)適用(yong)、辦案程序(xu)和司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)政策等問題在(zai)線咨(zi)詢(xun)。答疑(yi)專家須嚴格(ge)依據法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)、司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)解釋等規(gui)定(ding)，在(zai)規(gui)定(ding)時限內(nei)提出答疑(yi)意見，并經相關業務(wu)部門負責人(ren)審核同意，以最大限度保(bao)障(zhang)答疑(yi)意見準(zhun)確、權威。咨(zi)詢(xun)僅針對法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)適用(yong)問題，不得涉及(ji)具體案件(jian)，答疑(yi)意見僅供(gong)(gong)學(xue)習、研究(jiu)和參(can)考使用(yong)。 法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)答(da)(da)網(wang)(wang)上(shang)線運行(xing)以來，咨詢答(da)(da)疑質量(liang)和(he)平臺功能得到進一步優化，上(shang)下級法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院業務交流順(shun)暢高(gao)效，困(kun)擾審(shen)判(pan)一線痛點(dian)難點(dian)問題(ti)(ti)得到及(ji)時解(jie)(jie)決，“有問題(ti)(ti)，找法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)答(da)(da)”的理念已深入(ru)基層(ceng)一線，深入(ru)干警(jing)內心(xin)。為進一步滿足人(ren)民群眾的多元司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)需求，抓實“公(gong)正(zheng)與效率(lv)”，最高(gao)人(ren)民法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院充分挖掘法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)答(da)(da)網(wang)(wang)資(zi)源“富礦”，積極開展優秀(xiu)咨詢答(da)(da)疑評選(xuan)工(gong)作，將具有典型性(xing)(xing)、前(qian)沿性(xing)(xing)或疑難復(fu)雜的法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)適用咨詢答(da)(da)疑通過人(ren)民法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院報等(deng)媒體平臺陸續發(fa)布(bu)，在更廣(guang)范(fan)圍更深層(ceng)次發(fa)揮法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)答(da)(da)網(wang)(wang)釋疑解(jie)(jie)惑交流、促進統一法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)適用的功能效用，向(xiang)社會傳(chuan)遞(di)崇法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)風尚，弘揚法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治正(zheng)能量(liang)。為此(ci)，人(ren)民法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院報特開設“法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)答(da)(da)網(wang)(wang)精選(xuan)答(da)(da)問”欄目，發(fa)布(bu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)答(da)(da)網(wang)(wang)精選(xuan)咨詢答(da)(da)疑。敬請(qing)關注。 問題1：權利行使存在競合的案件中，當事人撤回前案訴訟，是否構成訴訟時效中斷？ 答疑(yi)意見：根據民(min)(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)典第一(yi)(yi)百九十(shi)五條(tiao)第三(san)項的(de)(de)規定(ding)，權利人(ren)(ren)提起(qi)(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)(song)(song)或者申請(qing)仲裁產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)(song)(song)時效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)中斷(duan)的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)。對(dui)此(ci)，《最高人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)院關于審(shen)理民(min)(min)(min)事案件適(shi)用訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)(song)(song)時效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)制度若干問(wen)題的(de)(de)規定(ding)》（以(yi)下簡稱《訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)(song)(song)時效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)規定(ding)》）第十(shi)條(tiao)作了進一(yi)(yi)步細(xi)化(hua)，即“當事人(ren)(ren)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)向人(ren)(ren)民(min)(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)院提交起(qi)(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)或者口(kou)(kou)頭(tou)起(qi)(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)，訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)(song)(song)時效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)從(cong)提交起(qi)(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)或者口(kou)(kou)頭(tou)起(qi)(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)之(zhi)(zhi)日起(qi)(qi)(qi)中斷(duan)”。如果(guo)權利人(ren)(ren)向義務人(ren)(ren)提起(qi)(qi)(qi)民(min)(min)(min)事訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)(song)(song)后又撤回起(qi)(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)，而起(qi)(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)副本(ben)已(yi)經送達(da)對(dui)方(fang)當事人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)，一(yi)(yi)般仍然產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)(song)(song)時效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)中斷(duan)的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)律效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)，權利人(ren)(ren)再就該義務人(ren)(ren)提起(qi)(qi)(qi)該案由訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)(de)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)(song)(song)時效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)期間(jian)從(cong)準許(xu)撤回起(qi)(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)裁定(ding)書生(sheng)(sheng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)之(zhi)(zhi)日起(qi)(qi)(qi)重新計算。需要注(zhu)意的(de)(de)是，實踐(jian)中起(qi)(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)后又撤訴(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)情(qing)況(kuang)比較復雜，對(dui)相關情(qing)形是否產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)(song)(song)時效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)中斷(duan)的(de)(de)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)，要根據撤訴(su)(su)(su)原因等案件具體情(qing)況(kuang)具體分(fen)析。 審判實踐中，權利競合(he)的情形時有發生(sheng)，此時權利人撤回前案(an)訴(su)訟是否(fou)對后(hou)案(an)發生(sheng)訴(su)訟時效中斷效果，需(xu)要(yao)進一步分析： 一(yi)是基于同(tong)一(yi)事實(shi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間產(chan)生的(de)不同(tong)請求(qiu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)存在(zai)競(jing)合(he)(he)，權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)選(xuan)擇一(yi)個請求(qiu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)后(hou)撤(che)回(hui)(hui)該訴(su)(su)(su)，轉(zhuan)(zhuan)而以另(ling)一(yi)個請求(qiu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)(qi)(qi)后(hou)案(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訴(su)(su)(su)，應當(dang)認為其仍然在(zai)積(ji)(ji)極行(xing)使(shi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)。故(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)(qi)(qi)前案(an)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訴(su)(su)(su)構成(cheng)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)時效(xiao)中斷，訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)時效(xiao)期間重新起(qi)(qi)(qi)算(suan)(suan)。比如，就同(tong)一(yi)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)機軟(ruan)件(jian)，權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)就同(tong)一(yi)義務人(ren)(ren)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)(qi)(qi)商業秘(mi)(mi)密(mi)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訴(su)(su)(su)后(hou)撤(che)回(hui)(hui)起(qi)(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)，另(ling)行(xing)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)(qi)(qi)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)機軟(ruan)件(jian)著作權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訴(su)(su)(su)，鑒(jian)于兩(liang)案(an)所(suo)涉權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)系(xi)基于同(tong)一(yi)事實(shi)產(chan)生，存在(zai)競(jing)合(he)(he)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)，權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)就案(an)涉軟(ruan)件(jian)選(xuan)擇撤(che)回(hui)(hui)商業秘(mi)(mi)密(mi)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訴(su)(su)(su)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向另(ling)行(xing)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)(qi)(qi)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)機軟(ruan)件(jian)著作權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訴(su)(su)(su)，仍然在(zai)積(ji)(ji)極行(xing)使(shi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)，故(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)(qi)(qi)商業秘(mi)(mi)密(mi)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訴(su)(su)(su)構成(cheng)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)時效(xiao)中斷，訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)時效(xiao)期間重新起(qi)(qi)(qi)算(suan)(suan)。（2023）最高法知民終337號判決書即持此種觀點。又如，在(zai)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)與違約競(jing)合(he)(he)的(de)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)中，權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)就同(tong)一(yi)義務人(ren)(ren)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)(qi)(qi)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訴(su)(su)(su)后(hou)撤(che)回(hui)(hui)起(qi)(qi)(qi)訴(su)(su)(su)，又另(ling)行(xing)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)(qi)(qi)違約之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訴(su)(su)(su)，鑒(jian)于兩(liang)案(an)所(suo)涉權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)的(de)競(jing)合(he)(he)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)，權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)選(xuan)擇撤(che)回(hui)(hui)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訴(su)(su)(su)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)向提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)(qi)(qi)違約之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訴(su)(su)(su)，仍然在(zai)積(ji)(ji)極行(xing)使(shi)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)，故(gu)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)(qi)(qi)侵(qin)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)訴(su)(su)(su)構成(cheng)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)時效(xiao)中斷，訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)時效(xiao)期間應當(dang)重新起(qi)(qi)(qi)算(suan)(suan)。 二是刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)附帶(dai)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訴訟與民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訴訟存在(zai)(zai)競合關(guan)系的(de)情(qing)形(xing)。刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訴訟法第一(yi)百零一(yi)條第一(yi)款(kuan)規(gui)定：“被害人(ren)(ren)(ren)由于被告人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)犯罪(zui)行(xing)為(wei)而遭受物質損失的(de)，在(zai)(zai)刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訴訟過程中(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)權(quan)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)附帶(dai)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訴訟。被害人(ren)(ren)(ren)死亡或者喪失行(xing)為(wei)能力的(de)，被害人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)法定代(dai)理人(ren)(ren)(ren)、近親屬有(you)權(quan)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)附帶(dai)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訴訟。”因(yin)被告人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)犯罪(zui)行(xing)為(wei)而遭受物質損失的(de)，權(quan)利人(ren)(ren)(ren)可以在(zai)(zai)刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)案件(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)附帶(dai)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訴訟，或者另(ling)行(xing)單獨提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訴訟。如果(guo)權(quan)利人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)案件(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)主張刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)附帶(dai)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訴訟后撤回，后又就同一(yi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實另(ling)行(xing)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訴訟，仍然(ran)在(zai)(zai)向同一(yi)義務人(ren)(ren)(ren)積(ji)極行(xing)使權(quan)利，故權(quan)利人(ren)(ren)(ren)在(zai)(zai)刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)案件(jian)(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)提(ti)(ti)(ti)起(qi)附帶(dai)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訴訟構成訴訟時效(xiao)中(zhong)(zhong)斷(duan)，訴訟時效(xiao)期間重(zhong)新(xin)起(qi)算。 三是行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)與(yu)民(min)(min)事訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)存在競合(he)關系(xi)的(de)(de)情形(xing)。一般而(er)言，行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)是公民(min)(min)、法人(ren)或者其(qi)他組(zu)織認(ren)為行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)機(ji)關和行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)機(ji)關工作人(ren)員的(de)(de)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)行(xing)為侵犯其(qi)合(he)法權(quan)益所提起(qi)的(de)(de)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)，與(yu)民(min)(min)事訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)主(zhu)張權(quan)利(li)的(de)(de)對象不同(tong)，不能導致(zhi)后續民(min)(min)事上的(de)(de)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)時效中斷(duan)。但如果僅是因權(quan)利(li)人(ren)對糾(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)性(xing)質(zhi)系(xi)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)糾(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)還是民(min)(min)事糾(jiu)紛(fen)(fen)認(ren)識(shi)錯(cuo)誤而(er)提起(qi)的(de)(de)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)，也(ye)(ye)應認(ren)定(ding)當(dang)事人(ren)提起(qi)此(ci)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)的(de)(de)行(xing)為系(xi)在積(ji)極行(xing)使權(quan)利(li)，此(ci)后即使當(dang)事人(ren)撤訴(su)(su)(su)(su)，也(ye)(ye)應當(dang)認(ren)為其(qi)提起(qi)行(xing)政(zheng)(zheng)訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)具有訴(su)(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)時效中斷(duan)的(de)(de)效力(li)。 咨詢人(ren)：福建省(sheng)泉州市(shi)中級人(ren)民(min)法院民(min)四(si)庭 傅家謀 答疑專家：福(fu)建省(sheng)高(gao)級(ji)人民(min)法院(yuan)民(min)二庭 曹慧敏 問題2：買賣合同未約定貨款支付時間，出賣人主張貨款的訴訟時效起算點如何確定？ 答疑意見(jian)：從我(wo)國(guo)民(min)法(fa)典(dian)(dian)(dian)立法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)例結(jie)構看，不(bu)論(lun)是(shi)(shi)(shi)總(zong)(zong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)結(jie)構還是(shi)(shi)(shi)各編(bian)(bian)結(jie)構，都是(shi)(shi)(shi)按照“從一(yi)般到具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)”進行(xing)編(bian)(bian)排的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。但在司法(fa)實踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)民(min)法(fa)典(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，則(ze)(ze)(ze)應(ying)(ying)遵(zun)循“從具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)到一(yi)般”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)(ze)(ze)。具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)到買(mai)賣(mai)(mai)(mai)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，應(ying)(ying)當優先考慮適(shi)(shi)用(yong)民(min)法(fa)典(dian)(dian)(dian)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)編(bian)(bian)典(dian)(dian)(dian)型(xing)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)關(guan)(guan)于(yu)買(mai)賣(mai)(mai)(mai)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)，沒有具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，再考慮適(shi)(shi)用(yong)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)編(bian)(bian)通則(ze)(ze)(ze)乃至總(zong)(zong)則(ze)(ze)(ze)編(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相關(guan)(guan)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)。題述問題涉(she)及(ji)民(min)法(fa)典(dian)(dian)(dian)買(mai)賣(mai)(mai)(mai)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)第(di)(di)六(liu)百(bai)二十(shi)八(ba)條(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)支(zhi)付(fu)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)(ze)(ze)”與(yu)(yu)民(min)法(fa)典(dian)(dian)(dian)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)編(bian)(bian)通則(ze)(ze)(ze)部(bu)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)五百(bai)一(yi)十(shi)一(yi)條(tiao)第(di)(di)四項(xiang)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)履(lv)行(xing)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)(ze)(ze)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)適(shi)(shi)用(yong)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)問題。對此(ci)，應(ying)(ying)當直接適(shi)(shi)用(yong)“同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)支(zhi)付(fu)規(gui)(gui)則(ze)(ze)(ze)”，即買(mai)受(shou)人(ren)(ren)收到標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物或者提取(qu)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物單證的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)即應(ying)(ying)承(cheng)擔(dan)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)款(kuan)支(zhi)付(fu)義(yi)務，并(bing)據此(ci)起(qi)算訴訟(song)時(shi)(shi)(shi)效。理由在于(yu)：從基本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)邏輯看，民(min)法(fa)典(dian)(dian)(dian)第(di)(di)五百(bai)一(yi)十(shi)一(yi)條(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)于(yu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)一(yi)分編(bian)(bian)“通則(ze)(ze)(ze)”第(di)(di)四章(zhang)“合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)履(lv)行(xing)”部(bu)分，第(di)(di)六(liu)百(bai)二十(shi)八(ba)條(tiao)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)于(yu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)編(bian)(bian)第(di)(di)二分編(bian)(bian)“典(dian)(dian)(dian)型(xing)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“買(mai)賣(mai)(mai)(mai)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)”部(bu)分。從民(min)法(fa)典(dian)(dian)(dian)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)編(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)(ti)(ti)系(xi)(xi)結(jie)構看，通則(ze)(ze)(ze)與(yu)(yu)典(dian)(dian)(dian)型(xing)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、準合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)構成總(zong)(zong)分關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)般規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)與(yu)(yu)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)(guan)系(xi)(xi)，故應(ying)(ying)當優先適(shi)(shi)用(yong)分編(bian)(bian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)體(ti)(ti)(ti)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)。而且，從基本法(fa)理上看，對于(yu)未約(yue)定(ding)(ding)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)款(kuan)支(zhi)付(fu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)買(mai)賣(mai)(mai)(mai)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)而言，在出賣(mai)(mai)(mai)人(ren)(ren)已按照合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)向買(mai)受(shou)人(ren)(ren)交付(fu)買(mai)賣(mai)(mai)(mai)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)標(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物或者相應(ying)(ying)單證后，買(mai)受(shou)人(ren)(ren)就負有及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)支(zhi)付(fu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)價(jia)(jia)款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)義(yi)務。相應(ying)(ying)地，出賣(mai)(mai)(mai)人(ren)(ren)就享有了對買(mai)受(shou)人(ren)(ren)主張支(zhi)付(fu)價(jia)(jia)款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)請求權(quan)，這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)已與(yu)(yu)民(min)法(fa)典(dian)(dian)(dian)第(di)(di)五百(bai)一(yi)十(shi)一(yi)條(tiao)第(di)(di)四項(xiang)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“履(lv)行(xing)期限不(bu)明確(que)”不(bu)吻合(he)(he)(he)(he)。 是故，就問題所述(shu)當事人在買賣(mai)合(he)同(tong)(tong)中未約定(ding)價(jia)款支付時間(jian)的情形，有必(bi)要(yao)先(xian)依照民法典第五百(bai)(bai)一十(shi)(shi)條(tiao)規(gui)定(ding)，看當事人之(zhi)間(jian)有無補充協議，或者能否(fou)通過交易習慣來判斷合(he)同(tong)(tong)價(jia)款請求權的成立時間(jian)；如若不(bu)能，則應依照民法典第六百(bai)(bai)二(er)十(shi)(shi)八條(tiao)規(gui)定(ding)確定(ding)出賣(mai)人合(he)同(tong)(tong)價(jia)款請求權的成立時間(jian)，進而確定(ding)訴訟(song)時效的起算時間(jian)。 咨詢(xun)人：四川省(sheng)遂寧市中(zhong)級人民法院(yuan) 張 皓 答疑(yi)專家：四川省(sheng)高級人民法院審監二(er)庭 楊 軍 問題3：物業費的訴訟時效應當如何計算？ 答疑意(yi)見(jian)：關(guan)于(yu)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)費(fei)的訴訟(song)(song)時(shi)(shi)效計算(suan)方式，我們傾向于(yu)認(ren)為(wei)(wei)，每筆物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)費(fei)債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)均(jun)系(xi)獨(du)(du)立(li)(li)之(zhi)債(zhai)(zhai)，其訴訟(song)(song)時(shi)(shi)效應(ying)當依照民(min)法(fa)典第(di)一(yi)(yi)百八十八條的規定(ding)(ding)(ding)，分(fen)(fen)段分(fen)(fen)別起算(suan)。主(zhu)要考(kao)慮：在物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同中(zhong)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)人需要提供的物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)主(zhu)應(ying)當支付的物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)費(fei)總額(e)，在物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同成立(li)(li)時(shi)(shi)尚不能確定(ding)(ding)(ding)，而是隨時(shi)(shi)間的延續而發生變化；同時(shi)(shi)，物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同通常約定(ding)(ding)(ding)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)費(fei)按照固(gu)定(ding)(ding)(ding)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)結算(suan)（如一(yi)(yi)年(nian)一(yi)(yi)交），每個周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)的物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)費(fei)債(zhai)(zhai)權相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)獨(du)(du)立(li)(li)，多(duo)個結算(suan)周(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)期(qi)的物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)費(fei)債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實為(wei)(wei)多(duo)個相(xiang)(xiang)互(hu)獨(du)(du)立(li)(li)的債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)集合(he)(he)(he)(he)，而非同一(yi)(yi)債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的分(fen)(fen)期(qi)履行(xing)。故物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)費(fei)訴訟(song)(song)時(shi)(shi)效的起算(suan)應(ying)當適用民(min)法(fa)典第(di)一(yi)(yi)百八十八條分(fen)(fen)段分(fen)(fen)別起算(suan)的規定(ding)(ding)(ding)，不應(ying)適用民(min)法(fa)典第(di)一(yi)(yi)百八十九條關(guan)于(yu)同一(yi)(yi)債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)期(qi)履行(xing)的訴訟(song)(song)時(shi)(shi)效起算(suan)規則。人民(min)法(fa)院案例(li)(li)庫入庫參考(kao)案例(li)(li)《廣東某(mou)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有限公司(si)訴郭某(mou)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同糾紛案（入庫編號：2023-16-2-121-007）》的裁判要旨(zhi)已明確：物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)合(he)(he)(he)(he)同中(zhong)的每一(yi)(yi)期(qi)債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)在合(he)(he)(he)(he)同履行(xing)過程中(zhong)相(xiang)(xiang)繼(ji)發生，各期(qi)債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)間雖互(hu)有關(guan)聯性，但更(geng)具(ju)有可分(fen)(fen)性，獨(du)(du)立(li)(li)性大于(yu)關(guan)聯性，應(ying)認(ren)定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)獨(du)(du)立(li)(li)債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)，故訴訟(song)(song)時(shi)(shi)效應(ying)自每一(yi)(yi)期(qi)債(zhai)(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)履行(xing)期(qi)限屆滿之(zhi)日分(fen)(fen)別計算(suan)。 咨詢(xun)人(ren)：江西(xi)省(sheng)高(gao)級人(ren)民法院(yuan)研究室(shi) 彭永(yong)剛 答(da)疑專家：最(zui)高(gao)人民法院民一庭 李(li)賽(sai)敏 日期：2025-5-22 9:20:30 | 關閉 |
