cciia.org.cn 2025-8-28 16:31:45 最高人民(min)法院
法(fa)(fa)答網(wang)精選答問(第二十七批)——未成(cheng)年人司法(fa)(fa)保護專題
問題1：男女(nv)雙(shuang)方未離婚(hun)，一方以子女(nv)名義(yi)主張分居期間的撫養費，應否支持?
答(da)疑意(yi)見：《最高人(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院關(guan)于適(shi)用〈中華(hua)人(ren)民(min)共和國民(min)法(fa)(fa)典(dian)〉婚姻(yin)家庭編的(de)解(jie)釋(一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))》第四(si)十(shi)三條規定：“婚姻(yin)關(guan)系存續(xu)期(qi)間，父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)雙(shuang)方或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方拒(ju)不(bu)履(lv)(lv)行撫(fu)(fu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女義(yi)(yi)務(wu)，未成(cheng)年(nian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)不(bu)能獨(du)(du)立(li)生(sheng)活的(de)成(cheng)年(nian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女請(qing)求支(zhi)付(fu)撫(fu)(fu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)費(fei)的(de)，人(ren)民(min)法(fa)(fa)院應(ying)予支(zhi)持(chi)”。上(shang)述問(wen)題(ti)涉及對(dui)該條規定的(de)理解(jie)與適(shi)用。對(dui)此(ci)，應(ying)當注意(yi)以下幾點：第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)，民(min)法(fa)(fa)典(dian)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)千零六十(shi)七條規定：“父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)不(bu)履(lv)(lv)行撫(fu)(fu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)義(yi)(yi)務(wu)的(de)，未成(cheng)年(nian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)不(bu)能獨(du)(du)立(li)生(sheng)活的(de)成(cheng)年(nian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女，有(you)要(yao)(yao)求父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)給付(fu)撫(fu)(fu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)費(fei)的(de)權利。”因此(ci)，子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女向(xiang)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)雙(shuang)方請(qing)求支(zhi)付(fu)撫(fu)(fu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)費(fei)，以父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)“不(bu)履(lv)(lv)行撫(fu)(fu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)義(yi)(yi)務(wu)”為(wei)要(yao)(yao)件(jian)，而不(bu)以父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)離婚為(wei)要(yao)(yao)件(jian)。第二(er)，請(qing)求的(de)主體是“未成(cheng)年(nian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)不(bu)能獨(du)(du)立(li)生(sheng)活的(de)成(cheng)年(nian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女”，而不(bu)是父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方。第三，“拒(ju)不(bu)履(lv)(lv)行撫(fu)(fu)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)女義(yi)(yi)務(wu)”的(de)判斷標準為(wei)父(fu)(fu)(fu)母(mu)雙(shuang)方或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方“拒(ju)不(bu)履(lv)(lv)行”，即(ji)有(you)履(lv)(lv)行條件(jian)和履(lv)(lv)行能力(li)而不(bu)履(lv)(lv)行，主觀上(shang)存在(zai)可追責性，需要(yao)(yao)結(jie)合具(ju)體案(an)情判斷。
咨詢人(ren)：北京(jing)市(shi)高級人(ren)民法院未成(cheng)年人(ren)案件綜合審判庭 柴福敏(min)
答疑專家：最高人民(min)法(fa)院民(min)一庭 于 蒙(meng)
問題2：撫養費糾紛(fen)案件訴訟費的收費標準(zhun)如何(he)認(ren)定(ding)?
答疑意見：給(gei)(gei)(gei)付(fu)撫養(yang)(yang)費(fei)訴訟(song)(song)(song)請(qing)(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)雖(sui)(sui)涉及金錢給(gei)(gei)(gei)付(fu)，但根據(ju)其(qi)案(an)(an)件性(xing)質(zhi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)宜認定為財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)性(xing)訴訟(song)(song)(song)請(qing)(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)，而應按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)非財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)性(xing)訴訟(song)(song)(song)請(qing)(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)處理(li)(li)(li)。主(zhu)要理(li)(li)(li)由(you)是(shi)：撫養(yang)(yang)費(fei)糾紛(fen)是(shi)指(zhi)當(dang)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)履行撫養(yang)(yang)義(yi)務時，未成年子(zi)女和不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)獨立生活(huo)的(de)成年子(zi)女請(qing)(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)給(gei)(gei)(gei)付(fu)撫養(yang)(yang)費(fei)引(yin)發的(de)糾紛(fen)。撫養(yang)(yang)費(fei)糾紛(fen)的(de)訴訟(song)(song)(song)請(qing)(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)一(yi)般(ban)為要求(qiu)(qiu)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)雙(shuang)方或者父(fu)母(mu)(mu)一(yi)方給(gei)(gei)(gei)付(fu)撫養(yang)(yang)費(fei)，表面(mian)上表現(xian)為金錢給(gei)(gei)(gei)付(fu)，實際(ji)上是(shi)要求(qiu)(qiu)父(fu)母(mu)(mu)雙(shuang)方或者父(fu)母(mu)(mu)一(yi)方履行撫養(yang)(yang)義(yi)務。這種撫養(yang)(yang)義(yi)務具有很強的(de)人(ren)身專屬性(xing)。因此，雖(sui)(sui)然給(gei)(gei)(gei)付(fu)撫養(yang)(yang)費(fei)訴訟(song)(song)(song)請(qing)(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)涉及金錢給(gei)(gei)(gei)付(fu)，但是(shi)并(bing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)簡單(dan)地將其(qi)等同于(yu)財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)性(xing)訴訟(song)(song)(song)請(qing)(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)，而應當(dang)按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)非財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)性(xing)訴訟(song)(song)(song)請(qing)(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)處理(li)(li)(li)，并(bing)按(an)照(zhao)(zhao)非財(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)案(an)(an)件收取訴訟(song)(song)(song)費(fei)。
需要注意的是(shi)，實踐中(zhong)子女撫(fu)(fu)養(yang)(yang)以及撫(fu)(fu)養(yang)(yang)費(fei)給付(fu)問(wen)題往往會(hui)在離(li)(li)婚糾(jiu)紛(fen)案(an)(an)件(jian)中(zhong)一并處理，此時應當(dang)按(an)(an)照(zhao)“離(li)(li)婚案(an)(an)件(jian)”確定(ding)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)費(fei)用。但是(shi)對于(yu)僅(jin)(jin)訴(su)(su)請給付(fu)撫(fu)(fu)養(yang)(yang)費(fei)的案(an)(an)件(jian)，則不宜(yi)按(an)(an)照(zhao)“離(li)(li)婚案(an)(an)件(jian)”確定(ding)訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)費(fei)用。這(zhe)是(shi)因為在《民事案(an)(an)件(jian)案(an)(an)由(you)規(gui)定(ding)》中(zhong)，“撫(fu)(fu)養(yang)(yang)費(fei)糾(jiu)紛(fen)”作為第(di)四級(ji)案(an)(an)由(you)，列于(yu)第(di)三(san)級(ji)案(an)(an)由(you)“撫(fu)(fu)養(yang)(yang)糾(jiu)紛(fen)”之(zhi)下，而非(fei)列于(yu)第(di)三(san)級(ji)案(an)(an)由(you)“離(li)(li)婚糾(jiu)紛(fen)”之(zhi)下。因此，未成年子女僅(jin)(jin)訴(su)(su)請給付(fu)撫(fu)(fu)養(yang)(yang)費(fei)的案(an)(an)件(jian)屬(shu)于(yu)《訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)費(fei)用交納辦法》第(di)十三(san)條(tiao)第(di)二(er)項第(di)三(san)目規(gui)定(ding)中(zhong)的“其他非(fei)財產性案(an)(an)件(jian)”，訴(su)(su)訟(song)(song)費(fei)用按(an)(an)照(zhao)“每(mei)件(jian)交納50元(yuan)至100元(yuan)”標準收取(qu)。
咨詢人(ren)：上海市(shi)嘉定(ding)區人(ren)民法院審判監督庭 董(dong)春凱
答疑(yi)專家：上(shang)海市高級人民法院立案庭 戴 曙
問題(ti)3：申(shen)請(qing)(qing)執行人申(shen)請(qing)(qing)給付撫養費，是否受到申(shen)請(qing)(qing)執行時效的限制?
答疑意見：給(gei)付(fu)(fu)撫(fu)養(yang)費(fei)，事關(guan)未成年人(ren)和不能獨立生(sheng)活的(de)子女等弱勢群體的(de)利(li)益保(bao)(bao)(bao)護，義務(wu)人(ren)若以(yi)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)經過為由不支付(fu)(fu)撫(fu)養(yang)費(fei)，將(jiang)使(shi)權(quan)利(li)人(ren)的(de)生(sheng)活沒(mei)有保(bao)(bao)(bao)障，不僅(jin)違背公序良(liang)俗原則，更有違基本人(ren)文關(guan)懷。民事訴(su)(su)訟(song)法(fa)(fa)第二百(bai)五十條對申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)作出規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)，并明(ming)確(que)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)中止(zhi)、中斷(duan)適用(yong)(yong)訴(su)(su)訟(song)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)相關(guan)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)。申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)功能與訴(su)(su)訟(song)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)相類似(si)，都是為了督促權(quan)利(li)人(ren)及時(shi)行(xing)使(shi)權(quan)利(li)。民法(fa)(fa)典第一百(bai)九十六(liu)條明(ming)確(que)給(gei)付(fu)(fu)撫(fu)養(yang)費(fei)的(de)請(qing)(qing)求權(quan)不適用(yong)(yong)訴(su)(su)訟(song)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)，相應(ying)地(di)，申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)給(gei)付(fu)(fu)撫(fu)養(yang)費(fei)的(de)生(sheng)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)裁判，也(ye)不應(ying)受執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)限制，從而體現為此類請(qing)(qing)求權(quan)的(de)特別保(bao)(bao)(bao)護。司(si)法(fa)(fa)實踐中，已有不少(shao)司(si)法(fa)(fa)裁判對此形成共識(shi)，比如(ru)(2020)最高法(fa)(fa)執(zhi)(zhi)監(jian)66號(hao)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)裁定(ding)(ding)，即在撫(fu)養(yang)法(fa)(fa)律關(guan)系存續(xu)期間內，申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)人(ren)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)給(gei)付(fu)(fu)撫(fu)養(yang)費(fei)，不應(ying)受到(dao)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)執(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)的(de)限制。
咨詢人：黑龍江省高級人民法(fa)院執行局(ju) 李(li) 濱
答疑專家：最(zui)高人民(min)法院執行局(ju) 徐 霖
問(wen)題4：人民法院(yuan)應(ying)當如何開展家庭教育(yu)指導，以實現案件辦理最佳(jia)效果?
答疑意見(jian)：根據(ju)(ju)最高人民法(fa)院、全國婦聯(lian)聯(lian)合制定的(de)《關于(yu)開展家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)指(zhi)導(dao)工作的(de)意見(jian)》第11條的(de)規定，人民法(fa)院可以(yi)在訴前調(diao)解、案件審理(li)(li)、判(pan)后(hou)回訪(fang)等(deng)各個環節，通過法(fa)庭(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、釋(shi)法(fa)說理(li)(li)、現場輔導(dao)、網絡輔導(dao)、心理(li)(li)干預、制發家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)責任告知書等(deng)多種形式開展家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)指(zhi)導(dao)。根據(ju)(ju)情況和需要，人民法(fa)院可以(yi)自行開展家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)指(zhi)導(dao)，也可以(yi)委托專業(ye)機構(gou)、專業(ye)人員或者聯(lian)合開展家(jia)(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)指(zhi)導(dao)。
人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法院隨案(an)開展(zhan)(zhan)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，目的(de)(de)在(zai)于及(ji)時糾正不(bu)當監護(hu)、修復(fu)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)功(gong)能，從源頭(tou)預防(fang)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)違法犯罪或權(quan)(quan)利受(shou)侵害問題。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)開展(zhan)(zhan)過程(cheng)中(zhong)，應(ying)堅持最有利于未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)原則，尊重未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格尊嚴，適(shi)應(ying)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身心(xin)(xin)發展(zhan)(zhan)規律(lv)(lv)，以(yi)保護(hu)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)健康成(cheng)長為根(gen)本目標，同時應(ying)兼顧法律(lv)(lv)權(quan)(quan)威與(yu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文關(guan)懷。實踐(jian)中(zhong)，強(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)可(ke)以(yi)考慮從以(yi)下幾(ji)個方(fang)面著(zhu)手：一是，區分(fen)(fen)情形靈活適(shi)用(yong)，對于需(xu)要進(jin)行家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)當事(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，根(gen)據(ju)嚴重程(cheng)度，分(fen)(fen)別(bie)適(shi)用(yong)隨案(an)口頭(tou)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、發送責任告知書、制發家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)令等(deng)(deng)方(fang)式，針對當事(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)問題與(yu)不(bu)足開展(zhan)(zhan)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)。二是，加強(qiang)(qiang)與(yu)婦聯(lian)、民(min)政等(deng)(deng)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)保護(hu)有關(guan)職(zhi)能部(bu)門的(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)調溝通(tong)，構建多部(bu)門聯(lian)動協(xie)(xie)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)制，充分(fen)(fen)整合(he)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)資源，形成(cheng)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)合(he)力。三(san)是，加強(qiang)(qiang)與(yu)專業(ye)社會(hui)組織的(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)同合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)，如(ru)聘請心(xin)(xin)理咨詢師、教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)專家(jia)(jia)作(zuo)(zuo)為家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)志(zhi)愿者，與(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)機(ji)構、社工(gong)(gong)組織合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)開發家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)課程(cheng)等(deng)(deng)，補足家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)專業(ye)力量，拓展(zhan)(zhan)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)形式。四(si)是，善用(yong)涉(she)少審(shen)判中(zhong)各項特色工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)制，根(gen)據(ju)案(an)件(jian)需(xu)要，通(tong)過關(guan)愛(ai)未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)提(ti)示函、人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)身安(an)全保護(hu)令、心(xin)(xin)理疏導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、走(zou)訪幫教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)等(deng)(deng)多措并舉，充分(fen)(fen)保障未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)權(quan)(quan)益(yi)。五是，加強(qiang)(qiang)對家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)促進(jin)法等(deng)(deng)相關(guan)法律(lv)(lv)法規及(ji)典型案(an)例的(de)(de)宣傳，營造全社會(hui)重視家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)良(liang)好氛圍。人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民(min)法院在(zai)送達家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)令時要做好釋法說理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，告知監護(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)接(jie)受(shou)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)對未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)健康成(cheng)長的(de)(de)意義，接(jie)受(shou)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)效(xiao)果可(ke)以(yi)作(zuo)(zuo)為法院處理案(an)件(jian)的(de)(de)參考等(deng)(deng)，助推監護(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)理解、認可(ke)家(jia)(jia)庭(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)(ting)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)(yu)指(zhi)(zhi)導(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)，最終實現未(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)權(quan)(quan)益(yi)保護(hu)與(yu)社會(hui)治(zhi)理的(de)(de)雙重目標。
咨詢人(ren)(ren)：江(jiang)蘇(su)省蘇(su)州市(shi)姑蘇(su)區(qu)人(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)院審判管理辦公(gong)室 陳 萍
答疑專(zhuan)家：江蘇省蘇州市中級人民(min)法院(yuan)少年(nian)庭 郭(guo) 銳
問題(ti)5：在刑事訴訟中，未成(cheng)年被告人(ren)的(de)法定代理人(ren)提(ti)出上訴，但未成(cheng)年人(ren)本人(ren)服(fu)從一(yi)審判決，上訴人(ren)地位(wei)如(ru)何列明?
答疑意(yi)見(jian)：刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)代(dai)(dai)(dai)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)制度旨在(zai)(zai)對行使訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)障礙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當事(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，提供(gong)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障、支持。對于(yu)(yu)被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)是未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，考慮其(qi)(qi)身心特點及訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)能力(li)受限等(deng)因(yin)素，賦予未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)代(dai)(dai)(dai)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(父(fu)母、養父(fu)母、監護(hu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)和(he)負有保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)責任(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機關(guan)、團體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)(dai)(dai)表)以相(xiang)當于(yu)(yu)“當事(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)”地位的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)應訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)。根據(ju)刑(xing)事(shi)(shi)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)(song)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)第二(er)百(bai)二(er)十七條的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)，未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)代(dai)(dai)(dai)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)享有上(shang)(shang)(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)，但(dan)(dan)該權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)究其(qi)(qi)根本(ben)，仍(reng)來源和(he)服務(wu)于(yu)(yu)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障，且基于(yu)(yu)“上(shang)(shang)(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)不加刑(xing)”原則，上(shang)(shang)(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)有利(li)于(yu)(yu)維護(hu)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)合法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi)。實踐(jian)中(zhong)，存(cun)在(zai)(zai)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)與法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)代(dai)(dai)(dai)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)意(yi)愿不一致(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)形。對于(yu)(yu)未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)本(ben)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)服從一審判決，其(qi)(qi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)代(dai)(dai)(dai)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)提出(chu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)形，為最(zui)大限度從程序上(shang)(shang)(shang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)障未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)益(yi)，可依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)產生上(shang)(shang)(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)、啟動二(er)審程序的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)效果，但(dan)(dan)仍(reng)應將未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)被(bei)(bei)告(gao)(gao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)列為上(shang)(shang)(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，而提出(chu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)代(dai)(dai)(dai)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，應列為上(shang)(shang)(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)代(dai)(dai)(dai)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)，在(zai)(zai)審理(li)(li)經(jing)過部分載明(ming)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)代(dai)(dai)(dai)理(li)(li)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)提出(chu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)訴(su)(su)(su)等(deng)具體(ti)情(qing)況(kuang)。
咨詢人：北京(jing)市高(gao)級(ji)人民(min)法院未審(shen)庭 王 爽
答疑(yi)專家(jia)：最高(gao)人民法(fa)院少年法(fa)庭工作辦公(gong)室 趙俊甫
日期：2025-8-28 16:31:45 | 關閉 |
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