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cciia.org.cn　 2020-11-19 14:21:21　 法治(zhi)日報(bao)——法制網(wang)

法治(zhi)日(ri)報全(quan)媒(mei)體(ti)記(ji)者 王斌

為加強勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)用(yong)(yong)工法治宣傳，促使用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者更好理解、掌(zhang)握疫(yi)情(qing)防控期間各項勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)用(yong)(yong)工政策，及(ji)時防范化解勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關系領域突(tu)出(chu)矛盾和風險，引導爭(zheng)議雙方協商解決糾紛，11月19日，北京市人力(li)資源(yuan)和社會(hui)保障局發布2020年涉新冠肺炎疫(yi)情(qing)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議仲(zhong)裁十大典型案(an)例，涉及(ji)試用(yong)(yong)期延長(chang)、居(ju)家辦公、勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)續訂(ding)、帶薪年休(xiu)假、待(dai)崗(gang)、輪(lun)崗(gang)輪(lun)休(xiu)、勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)解除、共享用(yong)(yong)工等疫(yi)情(qing)防控期間較為常見的勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議。 

據介紹，這(zhe)十大(da)案例(li)(li)的主要(yao)內容有：1.加(jia)強聯動(dong)，通(tong)過個案發現并妥善(shan)處置集體(ti)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)爭(zheng)議；2.延長試用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，符合特定情形用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位無需支(zhi)(zhi)付賠償金；3.居家辦公，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)的勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)報酬不得(de)無正(zheng)當(dang)理由(you)降低；4.未(wei)訂合同(tong)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位事先通(tong)知可免責支(zhi)(zhi)付雙(shuang)倍(bei)工資；5.協商未(wei)果，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位仍可統籌安排勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)休年休假；6.輪崗(gang)輪休，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位應當(dang)支(zhi)(zhi)付輪休期(qi)間基本(ben)(ben)生(sheng)活費(fei)；7.預(yu)告解(jie)除，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)要(yao)求撤回離職申(shen)請未(wei)獲仲裁支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)；8.經(jing)營困難，以客觀情況發生(sheng)重大(da)變化解(jie)除應予(yu)補償；9.計薪有誤，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)據此解(jie)除要(yao)求支(zhi)(zhi)付經(jing)濟補償未(wei)果；10.臨時(shi)借用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)與借用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)位不構成雙(shuang)重勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)關系。據悉，這(zhe)是本(ben)(ben)市(shi)第六次發布仲裁典(dian)型案例(li)(li)，為便于(yu)理解(jie)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，仲裁機構進行了釋法(fa)分析和風險提示。

疫情發生以來(lai)，全市勞動人事(shi)爭議(yi)仲(zhong)裁(cai)(cai)(cai)機構(gou)在(zai)做好(hao)疫情防控的(de)同(tong)時，窗口接待不(bu)“打烊”，創(chuang)新服務不(bu)停歇(xie)，咨(zi)詢熱(re)線不(bu)間斷，確(que)保維權渠(qu)道暢通(tong)。1-10月，全市勞動人事(shi)爭議(yi)仲(zhong)裁(cai)(cai)(cai)機構(gou)受理勞動人事(shi)爭議(yi)案(an)件(jian)9.4萬余件(jian)，同(tong)比下(xia)降(jiang)7.5%，仲(zhong)裁(cai)(cai)(cai)結(jie)案(an)率(lv)為(wei)87.5%，調解率(lv)達到55.6%、仲(zhong)裁(cai)(cai)(cai)終結(jie)率(lv)達到71.3%。

全市(shi)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)人(ren)事爭(zheng)議(yi)仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)(cai)機構緊(jin)(jin)緊(jin)(jin)圍繞(rao)做好(hao)“六穩(wen)”工作、落(luo)實“六保”任務(wu)，聚(ju)焦優(you)先(xian)穩(wen)就業(ye)保民生，堅(jian)持維護勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)者合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權益和促進企業(ye)健康發(fa)展(zhan)并重。推行(xing)調解建議(yi)書(shu)，引導爭(zheng)議(yi)雙方在(zai)(zai)疫(yi)情(qing)期(qi)間(jian)互諒互讓，柔性化(hua)解糾紛(fen)；在(zai)(zai)窗口(kou)立案基礎上，開通仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)(cai)網上預申請系統，方便當事人(ren)立案；在(zai)(zai)全市(shi)搭建“云(yun)仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)(cai)庭”，推行(xing)“不(bu)見面(mian)”遠(yuan)程(cheng)爭(zheng)議(yi)處(chu)理模式；加強(qiang)裁(cai)(cai)審銜接，與(yu)市(shi)高級人(ren)民法(fa)(fa)(fa)院聯合(he)發(fa)布《關于(yu)審理新(xin)型冠狀(zhuang)病毒感染肺炎疫(yi)情(qing)防控期(qi)間(jian)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)案件法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)適用問題的解答》，統一裁(cai)(cai)審尺度(du)；落(luo)實“護薪”行(xing)動(dong)，協調司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)系統在(zai)(zai)仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)(cai)機構推廣設置法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)援助服務(wu)窗口(kou)或工作站，幫助困難群體維護合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權益。

另(ling)外，本市持續推(tui)(tui)進仲裁辦案機(ji)構(gou)實體化建(jian)設，不斷提升仲裁服務能力。以(yi)“三城一區”高(gao)科技企(qi)業為(wei)重點，大力推(tui)(tui)動(dong)區域性調解(jie)組(zu)織建(jian)設。在街鄉調解(jie)組(zu)織推(tui)(tui)廣使用(yong)“互(hu)聯網(wang)+調解(jie)”平臺，提供(gong)在線調解(jie)申請服務。深化京津(jin)冀三地仲裁機(ji)構(gou)交(jiao)流協作，妥善(shan)處置跨區域爭(zheng)議案件。 

目(mu)前，全市勞(lao)動(dong)人(ren)(ren)事(shi)爭議仲裁(cai)機構正按照市人(ren)(ren)力資源社會保(bao)障局“局處長走流程”工作要求(qiu)，不(bu)斷提升當事(shi)人(ren)(ren)服務體驗和仲裁(cai)質效(xiao)，更好維護首都勞(lao)動(dong)人(ren)(ren)事(shi)關系和諧和社會穩定(ding)。

附件：2020年北京市涉新冠肺炎疫情勞動爭議仲裁十大典型案例

案例1.加強聯動，通過個案發現并妥善處置集體勞動爭議

案情簡介

劉(liu)女(nv)(nv)士(shi)(shi)系某(mou)國(guo)際(ji)(ji)旅(lv)行(xing)(xing)社(she)(she)員工(gong)，于2017年(nian)3月(yue)入職(zhi)，雙(shuang)方訂立(li)了為(wei)期5年(nian)的勞動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)，約定(ding)劉(liu)女(nv)(nv)士(shi)(shi)從(cong)事國(guo)際(ji)(ji)旅(lv)游(you)業(ye)務經辦工(gong)作，月(yue)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)為(wei)15000元。2020年(nian)2月(yue)，受新(xin)冠肺(fei)炎(yan)疫情影(ying)響，該國(guo)際(ji)(ji)旅(lv)行(xing)(xing)社(she)(she)安(an)排劉(liu)女(nv)(nv)士(shi)(shi)在家待(dai)崗并自該月(yue)起按最低(di)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)的70%支(zhi)付待(dai)崗工(gong)資(zi)(zi)。2020年(nian)6月(yue)，國(guo)際(ji)(ji)旅(lv)行(xing)(xing)社(she)(she)以受新(xin)冠肺(fei)炎(yan)疫情影(ying)響國(guo)際(ji)(ji)旅(lv)行(xing)(xing)線路暫停為(wei)由，與(yu)(yu)劉(liu)女(nv)(nv)士(shi)(shi)解除勞動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)。當月(yue)，劉(liu)女(nv)(nv)士(shi)(shi)向某(mou)區勞動(dong)人(ren)事爭議(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)裁委(wei)員會(hui)（以下簡稱仲(zhong)裁委(wei)）提(ti)起勞動(dong)仲(zhong)裁申(shen)請，要(yao)求國(guo)際(ji)(ji)旅(lv)行(xing)(xing)社(she)(she)支(zhi)付提(ti)成(cheng)、工(gong)資(zi)(zi)差額、解除勞動(dong)合同(tong)(tong)賠償金等(deng)(deng)。在案件辦理(li)過程中(zhong)，仲(zhong)裁委(wei)得知和(he)劉(liu)女(nv)(nv)士(shi)(shi)同(tong)(tong)部(bu)門的其他6名(ming)同(tong)(tong)事，也與(yu)(yu)國(guo)際(ji)(ji)旅(lv)行(xing)(xing)社(she)(she)有同(tong)(tong)樣的矛盾糾(jiu)紛。仲(zhong)裁委(wei)迅速(su)與(yu)(yu)6名(ming)勞動(dong)者建(jian)立(li)聯(lian)系，一(yi)一(yi)詢問(wen)具體(ti)情況，進行(xing)(xing)案情研判。與(yu)(yu)此同(tong)(tong)時，仲(zhong)裁委(wei)約談單(dan)位負責人(ren)，并向單(dan)位發(fa)放《仲(zhong)裁建(jian)議(yi)(yi)書》，從(cong)保障職(zhi)工(gong)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)待(dai)遇權(quan)益、健全內部(bu)溝(gou)通協商機(ji)制、積極探索(suo)穩定(ding)勞動(dong)關系的途徑與(yu)(yu)方法(fa)等(deng)(deng)6個方面予(yu)以建(jian)議(yi)(yi)，并聯(lian)系、指(zhi)導(dao)國(guo)際(ji)(ji)旅(lv)行(xing)(xing)社(she)(she)所(suo)在街(jie)道(dao)的勞動(dong)人(ren)事爭議(yi)(yi)調解組織(zhi)（以下簡稱調解組織(zhi)）對其他6名(ming)勞動(dong)者的爭議(yi)(yi)糾(jiu)紛進行(xing)(xing)調解。

處理結果

經調(diao)(diao)解(jie)組(zu)織調(diao)(diao)解(jie)，其他6名勞動者與(yu)用人單位(wei)簽訂了調(diao)(diao)解(jie)協(xie)議，并(bing)通(tong)過(guo)調(diao)(diao)解(jie)組(zu)織將(jiang)調(diao)(diao)解(jie)協(xie)議置換(huan)成仲裁(cai)委出具(ju)的(de)調(diao)(diao)解(jie)書(shu)。此(ci)外，經仲裁(cai)庭主持調(diao)(diao)解(jie)，劉女士與(yu)國際旅行社達成了調(diao)(diao)解(jie)協(xie)議，仲裁(cai)委向雙方出具(ju)了調(diao)(diao)解(jie)書(shu)。

案例評析

新冠肺(fei)炎疫情防(fang)(fang)控(kong)期(qi)間，仲裁委(wei)(wei)在辦案(an)過(guo)程中未滿足于個案(an)的化(hua)解，而(er)是聞風而(er)動(dong)，主動(dong)擔當作為，注(zhu)重通過(guo)個案(an)發現(xian)并妥(tuo)善處(chu)置集體(ti)勞動(dong)人事爭議(yi)(yi)糾紛(fen)，實現(xian)提前介入(ru)，盡(jin)早解決，有效發揮勞動(dong)人事爭議(yi)(yi)多元處(chu)理(li)機制作用(yong)，有力維護(hu)勞動(dong)關(guan)系(xi)和諧穩定。在案(an)件處(chu)理(li)過(guo)程中，通過(guo)對(dui)爭議(yi)(yi)糾紛(fen)產生(sheng)的癥結進(jin)行(xing)分析，仲裁委(wei)(wei)向用(yong)人單(dan)位發出《仲裁建議(yi)(yi)書》，有針對(dui)性地(di)提出意(yi)見建議(yi)(yi)，有利于用(yong)人單(dan)位加強管(guan)理(li)規范用(yong)工，預防(fang)(fang)和減少爭議(yi)(yi)發生(sheng)。

仲裁委提示

新冠肺炎疫(yi)情(qing)防(fang)控期間，部分用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單位(wei)受疫(yi)情(qing)影(ying)響較大，生(sheng)產經營嚴重困(kun)難。一(yi)方面，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單位(wei)要用(yong)足用(yong)好各項紓困(kun)惠企政策，積極開展生(sheng)產自(zi)救，關(guan)(guan)心關(guan)(guan)愛員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)，有效調動(dong)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)創造力(li)，凝心聚(ju)力(li)共謀(mou)發展，盡可(ke)能不裁(cai)員(yuan)或(huo)者少裁(cai)員(yuan)。另一(yi)方面，在確需裁(cai)減(jian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員(yuan)時，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單位(wei)應加強溝通(tong)協(xie)商(shang)，做好員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)思(si)想工(gong)(gong)作，切實(shi)履行社(she)會(hui)責任，避免(mian)矛盾(dun)激化。在爭議無(wu)法通(tong)過內部協(xie)商(shang)解(jie)決(jue)時，可(ke)主動(dong)向(xiang)調解(jie)組織申(shen)請(qing)調解(jie)，盡可(ke)能以柔(rou)性方式(shi)化解(jie)矛盾(dun)糾紛。

案例2.延長試用，符合特定情形用人單位無需支付賠償金

案情簡介

孫(sun)某(mou)(mou)于2020年(nian)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20日(ri)(ri)入職(zhi)某(mou)(mou)教(jiao)育培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)公司(si)，雙(shuang)方訂(ding)立了(le)期(qi)(qi)限為3年(nian)的(de)書面勞動合(he)同(tong)，約定孫(sun)某(mou)(mou)的(de)崗(gang)位為銷售(shou)主管(guan)，試用(yong)期(qi)(qi)為3個(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)，月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)工(gong)資(zi)為8000元，轉(zhuan)正后月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)工(gong)資(zi)為10000元。2020年(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)24日(ri)(ri)，孫(sun)某(mou)(mou)回(hui)(hui)到家(jia)鄉(xiang)湖北(bei)過春(chun)節。因新(xin)冠肺炎疫情(qing)影響(xiang)，孫(sun)某(mou)(mou)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)6日(ri)(ri)才返回(hui)(hui)北(bei)京，居家(jia)隔離14天后直至4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20日(ri)(ri)才恢復正常出勤工(gong)作(zuo)，期(qi)(qi)間未(wei)向教(jiao)育培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)公司(si)提供勞動。4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)20日(ri)(ri)，教(jiao)育培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)公司(si)告知孫(sun)某(mou)(mou)，將延(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)試用(yong)期(qi)(qi)一(yi)個(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)至5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)19日(ri)(ri)，月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)工(gong)資(zi)仍按(an)照(zhao)8000元標準(zhun)支付。2020年(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)5日(ri)(ri)，孫(sun)某(mou)(mou)以未(wei)足額(e)支付勞動報(bao)酬為由，向教(jiao)育培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)公司(si)寄出《解除(chu)勞動合(he)同(tong)通知書》，并于當(dang)日(ri)(ri)離職(zhi)。隨后，孫(sun)某(mou)(mou)向仲裁委提出仲裁申請，要求(qiu)教(jiao)育培(pei)(pei)訓(xun)公司(si)支付：1.延(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)試用(yong)期(qi)(qi)1個(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)的(de)工(gong)資(zi)差額(e)2000元；2.延(yan)長(chang)(chang)(chang)試用(yong)期(qi)(qi)1個(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)的(de)賠償金(jin)10000元；3.解除(chu)勞動合(he)同(tong)經濟補償4000元。

處理結果

仲裁(cai)委裁(cai)決駁回孫某的(de)全部仲裁(cai)請(qing)求(qiu)。

案例評析

試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)是用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位和勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)為相互了解、選擇而約定的(de)(de)不超過(guo)六個月的(de)(de)考察期(qi)。受新(xin)(xin)冠肺(fei)炎疫情(qing)(qing)影(ying)響，部(bu)分勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)可能(neng)在較長(chang)時間(jian)內無(wu)(wu)法(fa)正(zheng)常向用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位提(ti)供(gong)勞(lao)動(dong)，用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位無(wu)(wu)法(fa)在試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)內考察勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)知(zhi)識水(shui)平、業(ye)務素(su)養(yang)、履職(zhi)能(neng)力、職(zhi)業(ye)道德等，違背了法(fa)律設置試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)的(de)(de)初衷(zhong)。故(gu)在此(ci)(ci)情(qing)(qing)形下，應(ying)當允許用(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位扣除因(yin)疫情(qing)(qing)影(ying)響無(wu)(wu)法(fa)考察勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)期(qi)間(jian)，即適當延(yan)長(chang)試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)，但延(yan)長(chang)的(de)(de)試用(yong)(yong)期(qi)不應(ying)超過(guo)受新(xin)(xin)冠肺(fei)炎疫情(qing)(qing)影(ying)響勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)無(wu)(wu)法(fa)提(ti)供(gong)勞(lao)動(dong)的(de)(de)期(qi)間(jian)。對此(ci)(ci)，《北京(jing)市高級人(ren)民法(fa)院 北京(jing)市勞(lao)動(dong)人(ren)事爭(zheng)議(yi)仲裁(cai)委員會關(guan)于審理新(xin)(xin)型冠狀病(bing)毒感染肺(fei)炎疫情(qing)(qing)防控期(qi)間(jian)勞(lao)動(dong)爭(zheng)議(yi)案件法(fa)律適用(yong)(yong)問(wen)題的(de)(de)解答》（京(jing)高法(fa)發〔2020〕187號，以下簡(jian)稱《解答》）第5條進行(xing)了明確規定。

仲裁委提示

關(guan)于(yu)試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)延長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)，僅適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)受(shou)新冠肺炎疫(yi)情等原因影響(xiang)(xiang)客觀上導致勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)無法提供勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位無法對其進(jin)行考察的(de)(de)(de)特殊情形，延長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)得(de)超過受(shou)疫(yi)情影響(xiang)(xiang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)無法提供勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)。否(fou)則，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)有權就超過的(de)(de)(de)期(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)要求用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位支(zhi)付試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)工資差額及以試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)滿月工資為(wei)標準支(zhi)付該期(qi)(qi)間(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)賠償金。在正常情況下，用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位不(bu)(bu)得(de)延長(chang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)或(huo)與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)兩(liang)次約定(ding)試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)。試(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)期(qi)(qi)內，用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)單位應(ying)當依法與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)訂立書面勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)合(he)同并(bing)繳納社會保險費等。

案例3.居家辦公，勞動者的勞動報酬不得無正當理由降低

案情簡介

劉(liu)(liu)某(mou)(mou)系某(mou)(mou)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)，從事網絡(luo)銷售(shou)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，雙方在(zai)勞動合(he)同中約定，劉(liu)(liu)某(mou)(mou)的(de)月(yue)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)由基本工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)5200元及業(ye)績提(ti)成構(gou)成（按銷售(shou)金額計(ji)提(ti)）。其中，業(ye)績提(ti)成每(mei)月(yue)為(wei)(wei)2000多元至5000多元不(bu)等。由于受新冠(guan)肺(fei)炎疫情影響(xiang)，科(ke)(ke)技(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)通(tong)知(zhi)劉(liu)(liu)某(mou)(mou)自(zi)2020年2月(yue)3日(ri)起(qi)(qi)居家(jia)(jia)辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。2020年2月(yue)24日(ri)，科(ke)(ke)技(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)發(fa)(fa)(fa)出通(tong)知(zhi)，稱受市場影響(xiang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)業(ye)務不(bu)飽和、居家(jia)(jia)辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)無法記錄(lu)考勤，決定自(zi)當月(yue)起(qi)(qi)將網絡(luo)銷售(shou)部門居家(jia)(jia)辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)的(de)月(yue)基本工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)調(diao)整為(wei)(wei)北京市最低工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)即2200元，業(ye)績提(ti)成比例不(bu)變。劉(liu)(liu)某(mou)(mou)不(bu)認(ren)可公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的(de)降薪行為(wei)(wei)，認(ren)為(wei)(wei)自(zi)己居家(jia)(jia)辦(ban)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)反而更忙了，甚(shen)至休息日(ri)都(dou)需要在(zai)家(jia)(jia)忙工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。劉(liu)(liu)某(mou)(mou)雖多次(ci)向(xiang)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)人力資(zi)(zi)源部提(ti)出異議，但未能得到解決。2020年5月(yue)6日(ri)，劉(liu)(liu)某(mou)(mou)向(xiang)仲(zhong)裁(cai)委提(ti)出仲(zhong)裁(cai)申(shen)請(qing)，要求支付2020年2月(yue)至4月(yue)份的(de)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)差(cha)額9000元。

處理結果

仲裁委裁決支持(chi)了劉(liu)某(mou)的仲裁請求。

案例評析

勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)報(bao)酬權是(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)權利的(de)(de)核心，它既是(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者及其家屬(shu)基本(ben)(ben)的(de)(de)生活(huo)保障，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)社(she)會對其勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)(de)承認和評價。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)報(bao)酬是(shi)(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)最(zui)為重要的(de)(de)內容，也(ye)最(zui)為用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位和勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者所關(guan)注，同(tong)(tong)時也(ye)是(shi)(shi)最(zui)容易出現勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)爭(zheng)議的(de)(de)事由。《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華人(ren)(ren)民共和國勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)法》第三十(shi)五條第一款(kuan)規(gui)定：“用(yong)人(ren)(ren)單位與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者協商一致(zhi)，可以變更勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)約定的(de)(de)內容。變更勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)，應(ying)當采用(yong)書面形式(shi)。”本(ben)(ben)案(an)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，科技發(fa)(fa)展公司受新冠肺(fei)炎疫情(qing)影響安排劉(liu)某通過電話、網絡等靈(ling)活(huo)的(de)(de)工(gong)作方式(shi)在(zai)家上班，應(ying)當視為其正常出勤上班。雖然受疫情(qing)影響劉(liu)某個人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)工(gong)作業(ye)績(ji)（銷(xiao)售金額）可能出現下降，但(dan)因(yin)此受影響的(de)(de)應(ying)是(shi)(shi)其工(gong)資中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)業(ye)績(ji)提成部分，在(zai)未經協商一致(zhi)的(de)(de)情(qing)況下，科技發(fa)(fa)展公司單方將劉(liu)某的(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)工(gong)資降低為最(zui)低工(gong)資缺乏(fa)依據，故應(ying)予補發(fa)(fa)。

仲裁委提示

員工(gong)的薪資(zi)構(gou)成(cheng)中含(han)有績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)工(gong)資(zi)、提成(cheng)等(deng)非固定(ding)部(bu)分(fen)，在居家(jia)辦(ban)公期間，有可能(neng)效(xiao)(xiao)率降低，一些出外(wai)勤等(deng)工(gong)作無法(fa)完(wan)成(cheng)，用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)根據績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)考(kao)核(he)核(he)算績(ji)(ji)效(xiao)(xiao)工(gong)資(zi)、提成(cheng)等(deng)導致出現上述工(gong)資(zi)降低情(qing)(qing)形合理合法(fa)。因為新(xin)冠(guan)肺炎(yan)疫情(qing)(qing)影響，部(bu)分(fen)用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)可能(neng)會面臨困境，應(ying)向員工(gong)說明情(qing)(qing)況，得到員工(gong)的理解(jie)和(he)支(zhi)持，通過協(xie)商一致降薪，用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)強制通知(zhi)決(jue)定(ding)員工(gong)集體降薪并不合法(fa)。員工(gong)也應(ying)立足長遠，積(ji)極與用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)通過調整薪酬、輪(lun)崗輪(lun)休、縮短工(gong)時等(deng)方式(shi)穩定(ding)工(gong)作崗位(wei)，與用(yong)人(ren)單(dan)位(wei)同舟共(gong)濟、共(gong)克時艱。

案例4.未訂合同，用人單位事先通知可免責支付雙倍工資

案情簡介

陳(chen)某(mou)(mou)于(yu)(yu)(yu)2017年2月5日(ri)(ri)入職某(mou)(mou)教(jiao)育咨詢(xun)公司，雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)訂立(li)了為(wei)期(qi)3年的(de)書面(mian)(mian)勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)，約定陳(chen)某(mou)(mou)的(de)崗位為(wei)客(ke)戶服(fu)務(wu)，月工(gong)資(zi)為(wei)6000元。2020年2月3日(ri)(ri)，教(jiao)育咨詢(xun)公司發(fa)電子郵件告知滯留在河(he)北家鄉的(de)陳(chen)某(mou)(mou)將(jiang)(jiang)與其(qi)續訂勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)，陳(chen)某(mou)(mou)回(hui)復稱，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)新(xin)冠肺炎疫情影響(xiang)，現階段無(wu)法回(hui)到公司續訂勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)，也(ye)無(wu)法通過快(kuai)遞接(jie)收勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)文(wen)本，其(qi)將(jiang)(jiang)在返回(hui)公司后(hou)第一時(shi)間(jian)與公司續訂勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)。2020年4月8日(ri)(ri)，陳(chen)某(mou)(mou)從(cong)河(he)北家鄉返回(hui)北京，由于(yu)(yu)(yu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)未能就工(gong)資(zi)調整(zheng)達成一致，陳(chen)某(mou)(mou)未與教(jiao)育咨詢(xun)公司續訂勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)，并(bing)于(yu)(yu)(yu)次日(ri)(ri)離職。2020年5月6日(ri)(ri)，陳(chen)某(mou)(mou)提出仲裁申請，要求教(jiao)育咨詢(xun)公司支付2020年2月5日(ri)(ri)至(zhi)4月8日(ri)(ri)期(qi)間(jian)未訂立(li)書面(mian)(mian)勞動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)雙(shuang)(shuang)倍工(gong)資(zi)差額12828元。

處理結果

經仲裁委(wei)釋(shi)明，陳某(mou)撤回其仲裁申請。

案例評析

《中華(hua)人民共和國(guo)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)法》第(di)八十二(er)(er)條(tiao)第(di)一(yi)款規定：“用人單位(wei)自用工(gong)之日起超過一(yi)個月不滿一(yi)年未與(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者訂立(li)書(shu)面勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的，應當(dang)向(xiang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者每(mei)月支(zhi)付(fu)二(er)(er)倍的工(gong)資。”本案中，在勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)到期前，教(jiao)育咨(zi)詢(xun)公司履行了通知陳(chen)某續訂勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的義務，但由于新冠(guan)肺(fei)炎疫情(qing)影(ying)響客觀(guan)上無(wu)法與(yu)其(qi)續訂書(shu)面勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，在此(ci)情(qing)形下，如果(guo)繼續讓教(jiao)育咨(zi)詢(xun)公司承擔支(zhi)付(fu)未訂立(li)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雙倍工(gong)資差額(e)的責(ze)任(ren)，顯然有失公允。對(dui)此(ci)，《解答》第(di)三條(tiao)中規定：“用人單位(wei)能夠舉證證明(ming)已提出訂立(li)或續訂書(shu)面勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，但因(yin)受新冠(guan)肺(fei)炎疫情(qing)影(ying)響客觀(guan)上無(wu)法與(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者訂立(li)或續訂勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者要求支(zhi)付(fu)該期間未訂立(li)或續訂書(shu)面勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)二(er)(er)倍工(gong)資差額(e)的，不予(yu)支(zhi)持(chi)。”

仲裁委提示

在新冠肺(fei)炎疫情(qing)防控期(qi)間，用(yong)人單(dan)位仍須盡(jin)到(dao)通知(zhi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者訂(ding)(ding)立或續訂(ding)(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)義務(wu)，只有在履(lv)行(xing)該(gai)義務(wu)后客觀上無法實現訂(ding)(ding)立或續訂(ding)(ding)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)，用(yong)人單(dan)位才(cai)可免除(chu)支付未訂(ding)(ding)立或續訂(ding)(ding)書(shu)面勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)雙倍工資差額的(de)責(ze)任。用(yong)人單(dan)位特別是中小(xiao)企業應避免只注重入職時(shi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)訂(ding)(ding)立，而忽略(lve)了勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)到(dao)期(qi)時(shi)的(de)續訂(ding)(ding)。此外，根(gen)據人力(li)資源社會保(bao)障部辦公廳《關于訂(ding)(ding)立電(dian)子勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)有關問題的(de)函(han)》（人社廳函(han)〔2020〕33號(hao)）精神，用(yong)人單(dan)位與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者協商(shang)一致，可以采用(yong)電(dian)子形式訂(ding)(ding)立或續訂(ding)(ding)書(shu)面勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合同(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。

案例5.協商未果，用人單位仍可統籌安排勞動者休年休假

案情簡介

張某(mou)系某(mou)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)公(gong)(gong)司員工，于2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)入職(zhi)，擔任品控部主管，月(yue)(yue)工資為(wei)15000元(yuan)。自(zi)2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)開始，張某(mou)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)享有10天帶(dai)薪(xin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)休(xiu)假。該公(gong)(gong)司主要(yao)業(ye)務(wu)為(wei)二手車在線交易，受(shou)新冠肺炎疫情影響(xiang)，自(zi)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)春節以(yi)(yi)來(lai)，公(gong)(gong)司業(ye)務(wu)幾(ji)乎處于停滯狀態。在安排張某(mou)休(xiu)完(wan)此前積攢的(de)調休(xiu)后，科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)公(gong)(gong)司通知張某(mou)自(zi)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)17日至28日休(xiu)2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)剩余5天帶(dai)薪(xin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)休(xiu)假及2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5天帶(dai)薪(xin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)休(xiu)假。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)24日，科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)公(gong)(gong)司與張某(mou)解除(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)7日，張某(mou)提出仲裁申請，以(yi)(yi)科(ke)(ke)技(ji)(ji)公(gong)(gong)司強制(zhi)安排休(xiu)帶(dai)薪(xin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)休(xiu)假違法(fa)應屬無效為(wei)由，要(yao)求支(zhi)付2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)共(gong)計10天未休(xiu)帶(dai)薪(xin)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)休(xiu)假工資報酬13793元(yuan)（15000元(yuan)÷21.75天×10天×200%）。

處理結果

仲(zhong)裁(cai)委裁(cai)決駁回(hui)張某的仲(zhong)裁(cai)請(qing)求(qiu)。

案例評析

《職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)帶(dai)薪年(nian)休假(jia)(jia)條例》第(di)五(wu)條第(di)一(yi)款規定(ding)：“單位(wei)(wei)根據生(sheng)產(chan)、工(gong)(gong)作的(de)具(ju)(ju)(ju)體(ti)情況，并考(kao)慮(lv)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)本(ben)人(ren)意(yi)(yi)愿，統(tong)籌(chou)安(an)排職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)年(nian)休假(jia)(jia)。”《企業職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)帶(dai)薪年(nian)休假(jia)(jia)實(shi)施辦法》第(di)九條中規定(ding)：“用(yong)人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)根據生(sheng)產(chan)、工(gong)(gong)作的(de)具(ju)(ju)(ju)體(ti)情況，并考(kao)慮(lv)職(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)本(ben)人(ren)意(yi)(yi)愿，統(tong)籌(chou)安(an)排年(nian)休假(jia)(jia)。”從上述(shu)條文可知，對當年(nian)（或跨1個(ge)年(nian)度）具(ju)(ju)(ju)體(ti)休帶(dai)薪年(nian)休假(jia)(jia)的(de)方案，由用(yong)人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)根據生(sheng)產(chan)、工(gong)(gong)作的(de)具(ju)(ju)(ju)體(ti)情況，并考(kao)慮(lv)勞動者本(ben)人(ren)意(yi)(yi)愿統(tong)籌(chou)安(an)排，未要(yao)求用(yong)人(ren)單位(wei)(wei)必須與勞動者協商一(yi)致才可決定(ding)如何安(an)排休帶(dai)薪年(nian)休假(jia)(jia)。科(ke)技公司在生(sheng)產(chan)經營困難時期(qi)統(tong)籌(chou)安(an)排張(zhang)某(mou)休帶(dai)薪年(nian)休假(jia)(jia)并無不(bu)妥，且(qie)足額支付了(le)休假(jia)(jia)期(qi)間的(de)工(gong)(gong)資(zi)，故(gu)仲裁委依法駁回張(zhang)某(mou)的(de)仲裁請求。

仲裁委提示

人(ren)(ren)力資(zi)源社會(hui)保障部(bu)等四部(bu)門(men)《關于做好新型冠狀病毒感染(ran)肺炎疫情(qing)防控期間穩定(ding)勞(lao)動(dong)關系(xi)支(zhi)持(chi)企(qi)(qi)業(ye)復工(gong)(gong)復產的意見》（人(ren)(ren)社部(bu)發〔2020〕8號）中(zhong)規定(ding)：“對不具備遠程(cheng)辦(ban)公條件(jian)的企(qi)(qi)業(ye)，與職工(gong)(gong)協商優先使用(yong)(yong)(yong)帶薪(xin)(xin)年(nian)休(xiu)(xiu)假、企(qi)(qi)業(ye)自設福利假等各類假。”用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位統籌(chou)安(an)排(pai)勞(lao)動(dong)者休(xiu)(xiu)帶薪(xin)(xin)年(nian)休(xiu)(xiu)假，可將新冠肺炎疫情(qing)對用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位和勞(lao)動(dong)者造成的損失降到最低。用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位在統籌(chou)安(an)排(pai)勞(lao)動(dong)者休(xiu)(xiu)帶薪(xin)(xin)年(nian)休(xiu)(xiu)假時(shi)，應(ying)依法履行協商程(cheng)序，加強(qiang)對勞(lao)動(dong)者的人(ren)(ren)文關懷，盡可能(neng)考慮、照顧到勞(lao)動(dong)者的實際情(qing)況(kuang)，并及時(shi)足額支(zhi)付勞(lao)動(dong)者休(xiu)(xiu)帶薪(xin)(xin)年(nian)休(xiu)(xiu)假期間的工(gong)(gong)資(zi)報酬。勞(lao)動(dong)者應(ying)準確理解法律和政策(ce)規定(ding)，積極接受用(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位的休(xiu)(xiu)假安(an)排(pai)。

案例6.輪崗輪休，用人單位應當支付輪休期間基本生活費

案情簡介

龔(gong)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)系某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)餐(can)飲(yin)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)廚師，雙(shuang)方訂立(li)了(le)無固定期(qi)限勞動合(he)同(tong)，約定月(yue)(yue)(yue)工(gong)資(zi)為9000元(yuan)。2020年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)3日，龔(gong)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)休完(wan)春節假期(qi)回到餐(can)飲(yin)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)工(gong)作。由于(yu)(yu)受(shou)新(xin)冠肺(fei)炎疫情影響，餐(can)飲(yin)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的客流量大幅下降，餐(can)飲(yin)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)通(tong)知(zhi)全體員工(gong)輪(lun)(lun)崗(gang)輪(lun)(lun)休，每天(tian)在崗(gang)人(ren)員不(bu)超過員工(gong)總(zong)數(shu)的40%，龔(gong)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)被安排上一周休一周。2020年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)3日至5月(yue)(yue)(yue)2日期(qi)間(jian)，餐(can)飲(yin)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)均按(an)(an)照(zhao)龔(gong)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)的出(chu)(chu)勤(qin)天(tian)數(shu)向(xiang)(xiang)其支付(fu)了(le)工(gong)資(zi)，未出(chu)(chu)勤(qin)期(qi)間(jian)則未支付(fu)工(gong)資(zi)。期(qi)間(jian)，龔(gong)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)多次要(yao)求(qiu)餐(can)飲(yin)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)按(an)(an)照(zhao)最低工(gong)資(zi)標準向(xiang)(xiang)其支付(fu)未出(chu)(chu)勤(qin)期(qi)間(jian)的工(gong)資(zi)差額(e)，餐(can)飲(yin)公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)則認為新(xin)冠肺(fei)炎疫情屬于(yu)(yu)不(bu)可抗力(li)，龔(gong)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)輪(lun)(lun)休期(qi)間(jian)屬于(yu)(yu)勞動合(he)同(tong)中止履(lv)行(xing)故無須支付(fu)工(gong)資(zi)，雙(shuang)方因(yin)此發生(sheng)爭議。2020年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)11日，龔(gong)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)向(xiang)(xiang)仲裁委(wei)提出(chu)(chu)仲裁申請(qing)，要(yao)求(qiu)支付(fu)2020年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)3日至5月(yue)(yue)(yue)2日期(qi)間(jian)工(gong)資(zi)差額(e)3300元(yuan)（2200元(yuan)×1/2×3個(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)）。

處理結果

經仲裁(cai)委主持調解，餐飲公(gong)司向龔某(mou)支付了上述期間(jian)的基本生(sheng)活(huo)費2310元(yuan)（2200元(yuan)×70%×1/2×3個月(yue)），龔某(mou)撤回(hui)仲裁(cai)申請。

案例評析

新冠肺(fei)炎疫(yi)情(qing)是突發公共衛生(sheng)事件，系不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)預(yu)見、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)避免(mian)(mian)且不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)克服(fu)的(de)客觀(guan)情(qing)況(kuang)，屬于法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)規(gui)定的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)抗力。在(zai)(zai)《民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)總則》《中(zhong)華人民(min)共和國合(he)同(tong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》中(zhong)，均有因不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)抗力不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)履(lv)行(xing)義務(wu)(wu)或(huo)合(he)同(tong)時，可(ke)(ke)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)承擔(dan)或(huo)免(mian)(mian)除民(min)事責(ze)任的(de)相關規(gui)定。但勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)并未(wei)引入不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)抗力條款，主要原因在(zai)(zai)于勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關系是一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)從(cong)屬性(xing)的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)對等(deng)(deng)關系，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)于民(min)事合(he)同(tong)是兩個平(ping)等(deng)(deng)主體之間(jian)(jian)的(de)關系。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)具有不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)于民(min)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)社(she)會(hui)(hui)法(fa)(fa)(fa)屬性(xing)，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)用人單位因不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)抗力而免(mian)(mian)責(ze)，則會(hui)(hui)直接影響勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者生(sheng)存權。本案中(zhong)，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)餐(can)飲公司安(an)(an)排勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者輪休(xiu)無須支付基(ji)本生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)費，實(shi)則是輪休(xiu)期間(jian)(jian)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)中(zhong)止履(lv)行(xing)，與(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)精神不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)符。《國有企業富(fu)余職(zhi)工安(an)(an)置(zhi)規(gui)定》（國務(wu)(wu)院令第111號）第八條第一(yi)(yi)款規(gui)定：“經企業職(zhi)工代表大(da)會(hui)(hui)討論同(tong)意并報企業行(xing)政主管部門備案，企業可(ke)(ke)以對職(zhi)工實(shi)行(xing)有限期的(de)放(fang)假。職(zhi)工放(fang)假期間(jian)(jian)，由(you)企業發給生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)費。”參照上述(shu)規(gui)定，餐(can)飲公司在(zai)(zai)龔某輪休(xiu)期間(jian)(jian)向其發放(fang)基(ji)本生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)費，既促進了企業的(de)健康發展，也維護了勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者的(de)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權益。

仲裁委提示

新冠肺(fei)炎疫情以(yi)來，不(bu)少(shao)(shao)用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)遭受較(jiao)大(da)損失或(huo)者面(mian)臨較(jiao)大(da)經濟困(kun)境(jing)。但眾所周知(zhi)，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)、勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同法(fa)(fa)(fa)作為社會法(fa)(fa)(fa)，其中(zhong)涉及(ji)的勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)標準、勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)保障(zhang)和勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)安全等屬于法(fa)(fa)(fa)律強制性規定，用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)必須遵守(shou)。用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)和勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者作為利益共同體，在特殊時期，應(ying)加強溝通(tong)協商，互諒互讓，從同理心(xin)的角度(du)思考和處理問(wen)題，盡(jin)可能減少(shao)(shao)爭(zheng)議的發生(sheng)。用(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)與勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者應(ying)通(tong)過共同戰“疫”，凝(ning)聚(ju)人心(xin)，攜手(shou)努力，為全面(mian)復工復產達產奠定基(ji)礎。

案例7.預告解除，勞動者要求撤回離職申請未獲仲裁支持

案情簡介

孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)某(mou)系某(mou)物(wu)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司員工，于(yu)2018年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)10日入職(zhi)(zhi)，雙方(fang)訂立(li)了為期(qi)3年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)，約定孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)某(mou)的(de)(de)崗位為物(wu)業(ye)(ye)維修，月(yue)(yue)(yue)工資為6000元。2020年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)10日，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)某(mou)向(xiang)物(wu)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司提(ti)交(jiao)(jiao)辭職(zhi)(zhi)信，表(biao)示因個人原因將(jiang)于(yu)2020年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)10日離職(zhi)(zhi)。2020年(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)23日，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)某(mou)回(hui)(hui)到家鄉(xiang)吉林過春節。回(hui)(hui)到家鄉(xiang)后，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)某(mou)覺得自己辭職(zhi)(zhi)過于(yu)魯莽，于(yu)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)13日向(xiang)物(wu)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司人力(li)資源(yuan)部發出(chu)(chu)電子郵件，表(biao)示收回(hui)(hui)此前提(ti)交(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)辭職(zhi)(zhi)信，其(qi)將(jiang)繼續(xu)履(lv)行(xing)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)至合(he)(he)同(tong)期(qi)限終(zhong)止。物(wu)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司人力(li)資源(yuan)部回(hui)(hui)復稱，公(gong)(gong)(gong)司已招聘(pin)新員工將(jiang)于(yu)近期(qi)到崗并將(jiang)與(yu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)某(mou)辦理(li)工作交(jiao)(jiao)接手續(xu)，故不同(tong)意孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)某(mou)撤銷辭職(zhi)(zhi)信。孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)某(mou)則認為其(qi)尚未(wei)離職(zhi)(zhi)，也未(wei)辦理(li)工作交(jiao)(jiao)接，勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)尚在有效期(qi)內，其(qi)有權要(yao)求物(wu)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司繼續(xu)履(lv)行(xing)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)。雙方(fang)因此發生爭(zheng)議。2020年(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)(yue)，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)某(mou)從家鄉(xiang)返回(hui)(hui)物(wu)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司。因雙方(fang)未(wei)能就繼續(xu)履(lv)行(xing)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)達成一致，孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)某(mou)于(yu)當月(yue)(yue)(yue)向(xiang)仲(zhong)裁委提(ti)出(chu)(chu)仲(zhong)裁申請(qing)：1.要(yao)求物(wu)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司繼續(xu)履(lv)行(xing)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同(tong)；2.要(yao)求物(wu)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司支付2020年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)10日至5月(yue)(yue)(yue)9日期(qi)間(jian)的(de)(de)基本生活(huo)費4620元（1540元×3個月(yue)(yue)(yue)）。

處理結果

仲裁(cai)委裁(cai)決(jue)駁(bo)回(hui)孔某的仲裁(cai)請求。

案例評析

《中(zhong)(zhong)華人民共(gong)和(he)國勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)法》第三十七條規定：“勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者提(ti)(ti)前(qian)三十日(ri)以(yi)書面(mian)形式(shi)通知用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)，可以(yi)解除(chu)(chu)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)。勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者在(zai)試用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期內(nei)提(ti)(ti)前(qian)三日(ri)通知用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)，可以(yi)解除(chu)(chu)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)。”從上述(shu)規定可知，勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者只要提(ti)(ti)前(qian)30日(ri)以(yi)書面(mian)形式(shi)通知用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)就(jiu)可以(yi)解除(chu)(chu)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)，勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者的辭職(zhi)(zhi)信并不需要經過用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)的批準或者同(tong)(tong)意。勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者遞(di)交辭職(zhi)(zhi)信單(dan)方解除(chu)(chu)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)行為(wei)所(suo)指向的權(quan)利內(nei)容，屬于解除(chu)(chu)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)的形成權(quan)。勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者在(zai)遞(di)交辭職(zhi)(zhi)信時(shi)，便已完成單(dan)方作出的于某日(ri)解除(chu)(chu)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)的意思(si)表示。除(chu)(chu)勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者撤回(hui)辭職(zhi)(zhi)信的聲(sheng)明同(tong)(tong)時(shi)或早于辭職(zhi)(zhi)信到(dao)達用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)可撤回(hui)辭職(zhi)(zhi)信，或是用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人單(dan)位(wei)(wei)同(tong)(tong)意勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者撤銷辭職(zhi)(zhi)信外，勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者本(ben)身并不享有單(dan)方撤銷辭職(zhi)(zhi)信的權(quan)利。本(ben)案(an)中(zhong)(zhong)，孔某雖因疫情影(ying)響未辦理離職(zhi)(zhi)工作交接，但(dan)并不影(ying)響其辭職(zhi)(zhi)行為(wei)發生效力，故仲裁(cai)委裁(cai)決駁回(hui)其仲裁(cai)請求。

仲裁委提示

除非有確(que)切(qie)的證(zheng)(zheng)據證(zheng)(zheng)明(ming)自身(shen)受到欺詐(zha)、脅(xie)迫等，辭(ci)職(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)一經送達(da)用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)，即產生法律(lv)(lv)效力，勞動者(zhe)無權單(dan)(dan)方撤銷辭(ci)職(zhi)(zhi)信(xin)。當然(ran)，若勞動者(zhe)與用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)重新(xin)協商，用人(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)同(tong)意(yi)留用則另當別論。由(you)此可(ke)見，勞動者(zhe)應準確(que)理(li)解辭(ci)職(zhi)(zhi)行為(wei)的法律(lv)(lv)后果，結合自身(shen)情(qing)況謹慎行使(shi)辭(ci)職(zhi)(zhi)權，以(yi)避免權益喪失。

案例8.經營困難，以客觀情況發生重大變化解除應予補償

案情簡介

鄧(deng)某(mou)于(yu)2017年1月(yue)9日(ri)入職(zhi)某(mou)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)公(gong)司(si)，雙(shuang)方(fang)訂(ding)立了期限為(wei)5年的書面勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同，約定鄧(deng)某(mou)的工(gong)作內(nei)容(rong)為(wei)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)，月(yue)工(gong)資(zi)由(you)基本工(gong)資(zi)6000元(yuan)、外勤補助1000元(yuan)及(ji)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)提(ti)成(cheng)構成(cheng)。該銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)公(gong)司(si)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)經營(ying)智能(neng)(neng)貨(huo)(huo)柜業務，主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)在辦(ban)公(gong)樓(lou)宇內(nei)進(jin)行(xing)鋪設銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)。新冠肺炎疫(yi)情對智能(neng)(neng)貨(huo)(huo)柜的銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)產(chan)生(sheng)極大影響，根據(ju)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)數據(ju)統計，銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)公(gong)司(si)2020年2月(yue)份貨(huo)(huo)柜內(nei)商品銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)僅為(wei)日(ri)常銷(xiao)量的10%，新增智能(neng)(neng)貨(huo)(huo)柜銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)業績幾近(jin)停擺。由(you)于(yu)生(sheng)產(chan)經營(ying)發(fa)生(sheng)嚴(yan)重困(kun)難(nan)，銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)公(gong)司(si)決(jue)定對勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同崗位、工(gong)作內(nei)容(rong)及(ji)工(gong)資(zi)標(biao)準等情況(kuang)進(jin)行(xing)協(xie)商變更，但(dan)(dan)未能(neng)(neng)與鄧(deng)某(mou)達(da)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)。2020年4月(yue)10日(ri)，銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)公(gong)司(si)向(xiang)鄧(deng)某(mou)發(fa)出《解(jie)(jie)除(chu)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關系通知書》，以客(ke)觀情況(kuang)發(fa)生(sheng)重大變化致(zhi)使勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同無法履行(xing)，雙(shuang)方(fang)未能(neng)(neng)就變更勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同內(nei)容(rong)達(da)成(cheng)一(yi)(yi)致(zhi)為(wei)由(you)，決(jue)定當日(ri)與其(qi)解(jie)(jie)除(chu)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同。鄧(deng)某(mou)對銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)公(gong)司(si)生(sheng)產(chan)經營(ying)出現嚴(yan)重困(kun)難(nan)不持異議，但(dan)(dan)不認可銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)公(gong)司(si)的解(jie)(jie)除(chu)理由(you)。當月(yue)，鄧(deng)某(mou)向(xiang)仲(zhong)裁委(wei)提(ti)出仲(zhong)裁申請，要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)銷(xiao)售(shou)(shou)公(gong)司(si)支付違法解(jie)(jie)除(chu)勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同賠償金(jin)77000元(yuan)（離職(zhi)前12個月(yue)平均工(gong)資(zi)11000元(yuan)×3.5個月(yue)×2倍）。

處理結果

經仲裁(cai)(cai)委釋明，鄧某同意將違法(fa)解除(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同賠償金變更為(wei)解除(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同經濟補償和未提前三十日書面通知(zhi)解除(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同的(de)額外(wai)一個(ge)月(yue)工資，仲裁(cai)(cai)委裁(cai)(cai)決予以支(zhi)持(chi)。

案例評析

《中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人民(min)(min)共和(he)國勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》第(di)(di)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)第(di)(di)三項規(gui)定：“有下(xia)列情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)形之(zhi)一(yi)的，用人單(dan)位提前(qian)三十(shi)(shi)(shi)日以(yi)(yi)書(shu)面形式通(tong)知勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)本(ben)人或者(zhe)額外支付勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)一(yi)個(ge)月工資后，可以(yi)(yi)解(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)：……（三）勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)訂立(li)時(shi)所(suo)依(yi)據(ju)的客觀(guan)(guan)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)況發(fa)生重大變(bian)化，致(zhi)使勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)無(wu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，經用人單(dan)位與勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)協(xie)商(shang)，未能(neng)就變(bian)更勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)內(nei)容達(da)成協(xie)議的。”原勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部《關于<中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人民(min)(min)共和(he)國勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)>若干條(tiao)(tiao)文(wen)的說明》第(di)(di)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)六條(tiao)(tiao)中(zhong)(zhong)規(gui)定：“本(ben)條(tiao)(tiao)中(zhong)(zhong)的‘客觀(guan)(guan)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)況’指：發(fa)生不(bu)可抗(kang)力(li)或出現致(zhi)使勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)全部或部分條(tiao)(tiao)款無(wu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)的其他情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)況，如企(qi)(qi)業遷移(yi)、被兼并(bing)、企(qi)(qi)業資產轉(zhuan)移(yi)等，并(bing)且排除本(ben)法(fa)(fa)(fa)第(di)(di)二十(shi)(shi)(shi)七條(tiao)(tiao)所(suo)列的客觀(guan)(guan)情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)況。”新冠肺炎疫情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)屬于不(bu)可抗(kang)力(li)，用人單(dan)位雖(sui)不(bu)能(neng)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)可抗(kang)力(li)為由逃(tao)避社(she)會責任、中(zhong)(zhong)止勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)的履(lv)(lv)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，但受疫情(qing)(qing)(qing)(qing)影響導致(zhi)生產經營嚴重困難，雖(sui)經采(cai)取(qu)各種(zhong)措施穩定工作崗位但仍需裁減人員的，用人單(dan)位可依(yi)據(ju)《中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人民(min)(min)共和(he)國勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)》第(di)(di)四十(shi)(shi)(shi)條(tiao)(tiao)第(di)(di)三項規(gui)定，依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)與勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)解(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)。

仲裁委提示

用(yong)人(ren)單位因受(shou)疫情(qing)影(ying)響導(dao)致(zhi)生產經營嚴重困(kun)難的(de)(de)，應當(dang)高(gao)度重視與(yu)勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)協(xie)商，盡(jin)可能(neng)采(cai)取調整薪酬(chou)、輪崗輪休(xiu)(xiu)、縮短工時、調劑(ji)休(xiu)(xiu)息日等方式變更勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)，穩定(ding)(ding)工作崗位。如雙方未能(neng)協(xie)商一(yi)致(zhi)，用(yong)人(ren)單位根據《中華(hua)人(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)法》第(di)(di)四(si)十條(tiao)第(di)(di)三項的(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)解除(chu)勞(lao)動(dong)合(he)同(tong)(tong)，應當(dang)依照該法第(di)(di)四(si)十六條(tiao)、第(di)(di)四(si)十七條(tiao)規定(ding)(ding)，及時足額向勞(lao)動(dong)者(zhe)支付經濟補償。同(tong)(tong)時，用(yong)人(ren)單位應當(dang)對受(shou)疫情(qing)影(ying)響導(dao)致(zhi)生產經營嚴重困(kun)難承擔證明(ming)責任(ren)，不(bu)得濫(lan)用(yong)第(di)(di)四(si)十條(tiao)第(di)(di)三項賦予(yu)的(de)(de)解除(chu)權。

案例9.計薪有誤，勞動者據此解除要求支付經濟補償未果

案情簡介

孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)系某(mou)(mou)影(ying)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)，于2017年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)3日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)入職，雙方訂(ding)立了(le)期限(xian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的書面勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)，約定(ding)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)的崗(gang)位(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)票(piao)務(wu)管理(li)，月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)12000元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。影(ying)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)每月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)前(qian)后向孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)放(fang)上(shang)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)自(zi)然(ran)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)。受新冠肺炎(yan)疫(yi)情影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，影(ying)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)一直未(wei)(wei)安(an)排(pai)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)正常出(chu)勤上(shang)班。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)3日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)至7日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，影(ying)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)安(an)排(pai)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)休完2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5天(tian)(tian)帶薪年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)休假。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，影(ying)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)向全體員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)出(chu)通(tong)告稱(cheng)，受新冠肺炎(yan)疫(yi)情影(ying)響(xiang)(xiang)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)暫時無法復工(gong)復產，除(chu)少數留(liu)守值(zhi)班人員(yuan)(yuan)外，絕大部(bu)分員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)（包(bao)括孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)）將安(an)排(pai)待崗(gang)，恢(hui)復上(shang)班時間(jian)另行(xing)通(tong)知(zhi)。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，影(ying)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)向孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)正常發(fa)(fa)(fa)放(fang)了(le)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)12000元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，影(ying)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)向孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)發(fa)(fa)(fa)放(fang)了(le)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)基本(ben)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)費(fei)1540元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)（2200元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)×70%）。孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)當(dang)日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)提出(chu)異議，認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)影(ying)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)應向其支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)及基本(ben)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)費(fei)共(gong)計4443元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)（12000元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)÷21.75天(tian)(tian)×6天(tian)(tian)+1540元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)÷21.75天(tian)(tian)×16天(tian)(tian)）。影(ying)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)則認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，其在2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)10日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)通(tong)知(zhi)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)待崗(gang)，只需按原(yuan)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)標準支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)即可(ke)，3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)未(wei)(wei)安(an)排(pai)孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)提供勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)，按照基本(ben)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)費(fei)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)待遇(yu)合(he)(he)(he)情合(he)(he)(he)理(li)。雙方因此發(fa)(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)爭議。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)27日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)向影(ying)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)寄出(chu)《被(bei)迫(po)解(jie)除(chu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)通(tong)知(zhi)書》，以(yi)影(ying)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)未(wei)(wei)及時足(zu)額支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)報(bao)酬為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)由提出(chu)解(jie)除(chu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)，并要求(qiu)(qiu)影(ying)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)解(jie)除(chu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)經(jing)(jing)濟補償。4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)30日(ri)(ri)(ri)(ri)，孫(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)向仲裁(cai)委提出(chu)如(ru)下仲裁(cai)請求(qiu)(qiu)：1.要求(qiu)(qiu)某(mou)(mou)影(ying)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份(fen)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)（基本(ben)生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)(huo)費(fei)）差額2903元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)（4443元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)-1540元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)）；2.要求(qiu)(qiu)某(mou)(mou)影(ying)業(ye)(ye)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)解(jie)除(chu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)經(jing)(jing)濟補償36000元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)（12000元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)×3個(ge)月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)）。

處理結果

仲(zhong)裁委裁決支持孫某(mou)(mou)的(de)第1項(xiang)仲(zhong)裁請(qing)求(qiu)，駁回孫某(mou)(mou)的(de)第2項(xiang)仲(zhong)裁請(qing)求(qiu)。

案例評析

本(ben)(ben)案(an)(an)爭議的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)焦點在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)，如(ru)何理(li)解(jie)“一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)周(zhou)期(qi)內”及孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)除理(li)由是否成立。《工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)暫行(xing)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)》（勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)部(bu)發〔1994〕489號）第(di)(di)十二條(tiao)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)：“非因勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)原因造成單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)停(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、停(ting)產在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)周(zhou)期(qi)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)應按勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)。超過(guo)一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)周(zhou)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，若(ruo)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)了正(zheng)常(chang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，則支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)給勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)報(bao)酬不(bu)(bu)得低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)當(dang)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最低(di)(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)；若(ruo)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)沒(mei)有提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)常(chang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，應按國家有關(guan)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)辦理(li)。”《北京(jing)市(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)》第(di)(di)二十七條(tiao)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)：“非因勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)本(ben)(ben)人(ren)(ren)原因造成用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)停(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)、停(ting)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)周(zhou)期(qi)內，用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)應當(dang)按照(zhao)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)正(zheng)常(chang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)；超過(guo)一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)周(zhou)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，可(ke)以根據勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，按照(zhao)雙方新約定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)，但(dan)不(bu)(bu)得低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)本(ben)(ben)市(shi)最低(di)(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)；用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)沒(mei)有安排(pai)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，應當(dang)按照(zhao)不(bu)(bu)低(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)本(ben)(ben)市(shi)最低(di)(di)(di)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)70％支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)基本(ben)(ben)生活(huo)費。國家或(huo)者(zhe)本(ben)(ben)市(shi)另有規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)從其規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)。”實(shi)(shi)踐(jian)中(zhong)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)上述(shu)條(tiao)文中(zhong)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)周(zhou)期(qi)內”，用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)及實(shi)(shi)務界存在(zai)(zai)如(ru)本(ben)(ben)案(an)(an)中(zhong)影業(ye)公(gong)司和孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)兩種不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)解(jie)。從制度設立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)意(yi)上看，該周(zhou)期(qi)應為(wei)緩沖期(qi)，目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)體現用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)與(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)風險(xian)共擔并保護勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)(ben)權益(yi)，故“一(yi)個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)周(zhou)期(qi)內”應理(li)解(jie)為(wei)完(wan)整的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)月工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)周(zhou)期(qi)，這樣(yang)也(ye)可(ke)避免因用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)停(ting)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)停(ting)產日的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)而造成不(bu)(bu)同(tong)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)享受(shou)非同(tong)等(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)待遇。綜上，基于(yu)(yu)(yu)從立法(fa)(fa)本(ben)(ben)意(yi)上對(dui)上述(shu)條(tiao)文的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)解(jie)讀，仲裁委(wei)裁決支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持了孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)1項仲裁請(qing)求。但(dan)影業(ye)公(gong)司是基于(yu)(yu)(yu)對(dui)法(fa)(fa)律及政(zheng)策有不(bu)(bu)同(tong)理(li)解(jie)而導致對(dui)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)計(ji)算存在(zai)(zai)偏差，而非主(zhu)觀(guan)(guan)故意(yi)克(ke)扣(kou)或(huo)無故拖欠(qian)(qian)孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)報(bao)酬，如(ru)果據此(ci)(ci)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)解(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)濟補償(chang)，顯然違背一(yi)般(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)公(gong)平正(zheng)義觀(guan)(guan)念(nian)，也(ye)與(yu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立法(fa)(fa)精神不(bu)(bu)符，故仲裁委(wei)裁決駁(bo)回了孫(sun)(sun)某(mou)(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)2項仲裁請(qing)求。對(dui)此(ci)(ci)，《解(jie)答》第(di)(di)18條(tiao)中(zhong)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)：“疫(yi)情防控期(qi)間客觀(guan)(guan)存在(zai)(zai)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)報(bao)酬計(ji)算標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)不(bu)(bu)明確等(deng)情形(xing)，因用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)和勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)對(dui)疫(yi)情防控期(qi)間工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)(zi)待遇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)計(ji)算標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)存在(zai)(zai)合理(li)認識(shi)偏差，需要(yao)經(jing)(jing)過(guo)仲裁或(huo)者(zhe)審判機關(guan)審理(li)等(deng)才能確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)是否構成拖欠(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，此(ci)(ci)種情形(xing)下(xia)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)存在(zai)(zai)惡意(yi)或(huo)重大(da)過(guo)失，故對(dui)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)要(yao)求用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)解(jie)除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)合同(tong)經(jing)(jing)濟補償(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)請(qing)求一(yi)般(ban)(ban)不(bu)(bu)予支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)持。”

仲裁委提示

自(zi)新冠(guan)肺炎疫(yi)情(qing)發生以來，國家(jia)和(he)(he)地方出臺了(le)一系列紓(shu)困(kun)惠企、保障(zhang)民(min)生的政策。準確理解(jie)和(he)(he)適(shi)用(yong)上述政策有利于促使用(yong)人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)承擔必(bi)要的社會責任，保障(zhang)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)在(zai)疫(yi)情(qing)期間的基本權益，實現勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關系雙方共擔責任共渡難關。在(zai)對相關法(fa)律政策不了(le)解(jie)熟悉(xi)的情(qing)況下(xia)，可(ke)(ke)通(tong)過12333人力社保熱線(xian)或12348法(fa)律咨詢熱線(xian)進行咨詢，避免倉促、率性作出決定。用(yong)人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)應完善企業內(nei)部(bu)協(xie)商(shang)民(min)主機制，暢通(tong)與(yu)勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)對話渠(qu)道，通(tong)過多種方式穩定勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)關系和(he)(he)工作崗位(wei)。勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)(dong)者(zhe)要關心企業的生存與(yu)發展，依法(fa)理性表達(da)訴求。雙方始終要堅(jian)持協(xie)商(shang)和(he)(he)調解(jie)優先的原則，盡可(ke)(ke)能將矛盾(dun)糾紛化解(jie)在(zai)用(yong)人單(dan)(dan)位(wei)內(nei)部(bu)。

案例10.臨時借用，勞動者與借用單位不構成雙重勞動關系

案情簡介

周(zhou)某(mou)(mou)于2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)5月(yue)(yue)7日(ri)入職某(mou)(mou)餐(can)(can)飲公司，雙方訂立了期限為(wei)3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的勞動合同，約定周(zhou)某(mou)(mou)的崗位為(wei)餐(can)(can)廳(ting)服(fu)務(wu)員(yuan)，月(yue)(yue)工資為(wei)4000元。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)10日(ri)，因餐(can)(can)飲公司尚未(wei)復工復產，周(zhou)某(mou)(mou)被借調至某(mou)(mou)大(da)型超市(shi)從事理貨員(yuan)工作。借調期間，超市(shi)對周(zhou)某(mou)(mou)進行管理安排工作，并直(zhi)接向(xiang)其發放工資。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)(yue)20日(ri)，周(zhou)某(mou)(mou)向(xiang)仲裁委提出仲裁申請：1.要(yao)(yao)求確認2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)10日(ri)至4月(yue)(yue)20日(ri)期間與超市(shi)存在(zai)勞動關系；2.要(yao)(yao)求超市(shi)支付2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)10日(ri)至4月(yue)(yue)20日(ri)期間未(wei)訂立書(shu)面勞動合同雙倍工資差額5287元。

處理結果

經(jing)仲裁委釋明，周某(mou)撤回其仲裁申(shen)請。

案例評析

在新冠肺炎疫情(qing)防(fang)控期間，“共(gong)享用(yong)(yong)工(gong)”應運而生(sheng)，它(ta)有(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)緩解(jie)“部(bu)分行業嚴重缺員”與“部(bu)分行業嚴重賦閑”的(de)(de)矛盾，精(jing)準有(you)序扎實推(tui)動復(fu)工(gong)復(fu)產。《關(guan)(guan)(guan)于(yu)(yu)貫徹執行〈中華人(ren)(ren)(ren)民共(gong)和(he)國勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動法〉若干問題(ti)的(de)(de)意見》（勞(lao)(lao)(lao)部(bu)發〔1995〕309號(hao)）第七條規定：“用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位應與其長期被(bei)(bei)外單(dan)位借(jie)(jie)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員、帶薪上學人(ren)(ren)(ren)員、以(yi)及其他非(fei)在崗但(dan)仍保持(chi)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動關(guan)(guan)(guan)系的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)員簽訂勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)，但(dan)在外借(jie)(jie)和(he)上學期間，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)中的(de)(de)某(mou)些(xie)相(xiang)關(guan)(guan)(guan)條款經(jing)雙(shuang)方(fang)協商可以(yi)變更。”從(cong)上述規定來看(kan)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動者在被(bei)(bei)借(jie)(jie)用(yong)(yong)期間，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動關(guan)(guan)(guan)系主體并(bing)不(bu)(bu)發生(sheng)變更，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動者與借(jie)(jie)用(yong)(yong)單(dan)位之(zhi)間不(bu)(bu)構成(cheng)建立(li)新的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動關(guan)(guan)(guan)系，原則(ze)上勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動者的(de)(de)工(gong)資、福利(li)、保險、工(gong)傷(shang)申(shen)報(bao)等仍由原用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位負責(ze)，原用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位與借(jie)(jie)用(yong)(yong)單(dan)位如何分擔責(ze)任則(ze)由雙(shuang)方(fang)協商確定。由于(yu)(yu)周某(mou)與超市不(bu)(bu)存在勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動關(guan)(guan)(guan)系，故經(jing)仲(zhong)裁委釋明(ming)后，周某(mou)撤(che)回仲(zhong)裁申(shen)請(qing)。

仲裁委提示

在疫情(qing)防控期間，“共享用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”有利(li)于勞(lao)動(dong)者與原(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)共享利(li)益(yi)、共擔風險，降低疫情(qing)給原(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)造成的經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)損失(shi)，“共享用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”亦(yi)有利(li)于勞(lao)動(dong)者享有更多的薪資待遇、職業體(ti)(ti)驗與能力(li)拓展等。由(you)于不具有經(jing)(jing)營勞(lao)動(dong)派(pai)(pai)遣(qian)業務資質，原(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)絕不能向(xiang)借(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)收費，否則會被(bei)認定屬(shu)于違法(fa)勞(lao)務派(pai)(pai)遣(qian)而(er)遭受處(chu)罰。原(yuan)(yuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)和借(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)不得以“共享用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)”之名，進行違法(fa)勞(lao)務派(pai)(pai)遣(qian)，或誘導(dao)勞(lao)動(dong)者注冊為個體(ti)(ti)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)商戶(hu)以規避(bi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)責(ze)任。在借(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)期間，用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)應關心(xin)關愛被(bei)借(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，維(wei)護好(hao)被(bei)借(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的合法(fa)權益(yi) ，并在結(jie)束借(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)后(hou)及時(shi)召回被(bei)借(jie)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

日期：2020-11-19 14:21:21 | 關閉 |