cciia.org.cn 2024-7-30 10:37:43 檢察日報-明鏡周刊(kan)
6月12日,上(shang)海市(shi)人民檢察(cha)院召開新聞發(fa)布(bu)會(hui),連續第(di)十二年發(fa)布(bu)《2023年度(du)(du)上(shang)海金融(rong)檢察(cha)白皮(pi)書》(以下(xia)簡稱“《白皮(pi)書》”),全(quan)面盤點(dian)2023年該市(shi)金融(rong)犯(fan)罪案件(jian)情(qing)況(kuang)特點(dian),深度(du)(du)剖(pou)析案件(jian)中反映(ying)出(chu)的監管“縫(feng)隙”及新型犯(fan)罪手法法律應對不(bu)足等問題,并立足法律監督職(zhi)能提出(chu)對策建議。
金融犯罪案件情況特點
從(cong)案件(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)量(liang)看,2023年,上海(hai)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)案件(jian)(jian)和(he)涉案人(ren)數(shu)(shu)在高(gao)位運行中繼(ji)續呈現小(xiao)幅下降。上海(hai)市檢察機關(guan)共受理(li)(li)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)審查逮捕案件(jian)(jian)553件(jian)(jian)884人(ren),受理(li)(li)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)審查起訴案件(jian)(jian)1043件(jian)(jian)1927人(ren),主要包括破壞(huai)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)管理(li)(li)秩序類犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)764件(jian)(jian)1306人(ren)、金(jin)融(rong)(rong)詐騙(pian)類犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)143件(jian)(jian)276人(ren)、擾亂市場秩序類犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)136件(jian)(jian)345人(ren)。案件(jian)(jian)量(liang)和(he)人(ren)數(shu)(shu)繼(ji)續呈現下降趨勢(shi),案件(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)下降14.37%,涉案人(ren)數(shu)(shu)下降6.64%。
從案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)類型看(kan),2023年(nian),上海市檢(jian)察機關受理(li)審查起訴的金融(rong)犯罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)共涉及19個罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)名(ming),與2022年(nian)相同(tong)(tong)。其中,受理(li)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)占前十的罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)名(ming)發(fa)生(sheng)變化,不同(tong)(tong)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)名(ming)發(fa)案(an)(an)趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)差(cha)異較(jiao)大(da):非法(fa)(fa)吸收公眾存款、集資詐(zha)(zha)(zha)騙(pian)等(deng)部分罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)名(ming)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)變化幅度不大(da),總(zong)(zong)體以(yi)存量(liang)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)為主;金融(rong)詐(zha)(zha)(zha)騙(pian)類犯罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)總(zong)(zong)體數量(liang)有所(suo)回升,集資詐(zha)(zha)(zha)騙(pian)案(an)(an)、信用卡詐(zha)(zha)(zha)騙(pian)案(an)(an)分別較(jiao)去(qu)年(nian)增長17.54%、42.86%,貸款詐(zha)(zha)(zha)騙(pian)案(an)(an)小(xiao)幅下(xia)降(jiang)8.33%,下(xia)降(jiang)趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)小(xiao)于整體金融(rong)犯罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian);因連續多年(nian)開展刑事司法(fa)(fa)領域(yu)相關專項行動等(deng)原因,非法(fa)(fa)經營(ying)(金融(rong)業務(wu))犯罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)、保險詐(zha)(zha)(zha)騙(pian)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)、妨害信用卡管(guan)理(li)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)等(deng)部分罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)名(ming)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)下(xia)降(jiang)趨(qu)勢(shi)(shi)明顯;洗錢(qian)罪(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)(zui)案(an)(an)件(jian)(jian)量(liang)回落28.57%。
從案件情況看,非(fei)法(fa)(fa)集資案件略有(you)上(shang)升,在(zai)金融犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)案件占(zhan)比保(bao)持(chi)七成(cheng)以(yi)上(shang),借(jie)助私募機構實施犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)案件仍較多(duo)見,針對特(te)殊群體(ti)“量身定制”、追逐社會(hui)生(sheng)活熱點的非(fei)法(fa)(fa)集資行(xing)為(wei)仍有(you)發(fa)生(sheng);新型金融投資詐(zha)騙(pian)呈現(xian)(xian)(xian)詐(zha)騙(pian)名目(mu)和手段的雙重(zhong)“升級”,不法(fa)(fa)人員利(li)用(yong)花樣繁多(duo)的金融產品和科技手段等(deng)名目(mu)“加持(chi)”,并(bing)操縱市場(chang)、通(tong)過(guo)自買自賣(mai)手段增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)大(da)標的物價值(zhi),使得投資者(zhe)甄別防范難度增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加;操縱證(zheng)券市場(chang)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)成(cheng)為(wei)交易型證(zheng)券犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)的主(zhu)要類(lei)型,并(bing)購重(zhong)組(zu)環節成(cheng)為(wei)財(cai)務造(zao)假發(fa)案重(zhong)點領域,利(li)用(yong)新三板(ban)等(deng)新市場(chang)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)明顯(xian)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加;外(wai)匯(hui)類(lei)和非(fei)法(fa)(fa)支付結算類(lei)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)手法(fa)(fa)翻新,利(li)用(yong)虛擬貨(huo)幣跨境轉(zhuan)移資產風(feng)(feng)險(xian)隱患(huan)凸顯(xian),參與犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)的主(zhu)體(ti)呈現(xian)(xian)(xian)多(duo)樣化特(te)征;針對普惠金融領域的貸款類(lei)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)頻(pin)現(xian)(xian)(xian),以(yi)非(fei)法(fa)(fa)貸款中介為(wei)“樞紐”形成(cheng)集中性(xing)作案;新型保(bao)險(xian)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)多(duo)與電(dian)商平臺等(deng)新興經濟業態緊(jin)密相關,保(bao)險(xian)行(xing)業犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)風(feng)(feng)險(xian)與其他領域發(fa)生(sheng)勾連。
案件反映出監管“縫隙”及新型犯罪手法法律應對不足
《白皮(pi)書》剖(pou)析,隨(sui)著(zhu)我國(guo)對(dui)金融(rong)(rong)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)活動懲治力度不斷(duan)加(jia)大,一些犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)組(zu)織開始(shi)采(cai)取境(jing)內(nei)與(yu)境(jing)外(wai)勾連(lian)串通犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)的(de)方式,逃(tao)避刑事打擊和(he)偵查。金融(rong)(rong)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)人員(yuan)通過故(gu)意增加(jia)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)環節、延長犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)鏈條,進一步加(jia)大資(zi)金監測、追蹤和(he)穿透難(nan)度,加(jia)之金融(rong)(rong)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)(zui)網絡(luo)化情況嚴重,也(ye)導致追贓挽損困難(nan)。
此外(wai),黑灰產業(ye)鏈卷入(ru)金(jin)(jin)融(rong)從業(ye)人員,掌握資(zi)金(jin)(jin)和業(ye)務(wu)優勢的外(wai)部居間力(li)量因缺(que)乏有效管(guan)理約束容易失控,進而可能(neng)造成金(jin)(jin)融(rong)機構(gou)被“反(fan)噬”。《白皮書(shu)》指出(chu),金(jin)(jin)融(rong)領域法律供給和監(jian)管(guan)效能(neng)需進一步增強(qiang)、提升,監(jian)管(guan)規(gui)則亟須完善、明晰,對非法金(jin)(jin)融(rong)活動的識別能(neng)力(li)也需增強(qiang)。
上海金融檢察工作舉措
依法從(cong)嚴打(da)(da)擊金(jin)融犯(fan)罪,防范化解金(jin)融風(feng)險。持續落實(shi)最高(gao)檢“三號檢察建(jian)議”,從(cong)嚴打(da)(da)擊涉(she)眾(zhong)型金(jin)融犯(fan)罪,對(dui)財務造假(jia)等證券(quan)犯(fan)罪進行一案雙(shuang)查和全鏈(lian)條(tiao)追訴(su),重(zhong)點打(da)(da)擊涉(she)嫌違(wei)法犯(fan)罪的上市(shi)公(gong)司實(shi)控(kong)人、控(kong)股股東(dong)及職業操(cao)盤方(fang)、配資中介等。積極探(tan)索數字監(jian)督(du)(du)手段助(zhu)力(li)法律監(jian)督(du)(du),對(dui)貸款中介、保險領域黑灰產和互聯網(wang)金(jin)融犯(fan)罪等重(zhong)點金(jin)融領域犯(fan)罪風(feng)險開展專(zhuan)項(xiang)整治。
細(xi)化(hua)落實(shi)全面注冊制(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)檢察服(fu)務保障制(zhi)(zhi)度體系,著(zhu)力(li)提(ti)升證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)券檢察工(gong)作(zuo)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)能。2023年,上(shang)(shang)海(hai)市檢察院制(zhi)(zhi)定出(chu)臺(tai)《關于(yu)服(fu)務保障全面注冊制(zhi)(zhi)改(gai)革的實(shi)施(shi)意(yi)見》,細(xi)化(hua)四方面16項舉(ju)措,進一步(bu)提(ti)升資本市場檢察履職效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)能;和(he)(he)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)監(jian)(jian)局、市公安局等(deng)部門進一步(bu)完善協作(zuo)機(ji)制(zhi)(zhi),形(xing)成打擊證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)券違法(fa)(fa)犯(fan)罪合(he)力(li),有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)維護證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)券市場秩序;聯合(he)市網(wang)(wang)信辦、上(shang)(shang)海(hai)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)監(jian)(jian)局開(kai)展“清(qing)朗浦(pu)江·網(wang)(wang)上(shang)(shang)非法(fa)(fa)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)券活(huo)動(dong)治理(li)”專項行(xing)動(dong),督促清(qing)理(li)非法(fa)(fa)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)券活(huo)動(dong)信息9萬余條,處置違法(fa)(fa)違規(gui)賬號(hao)1.2萬余個,牽頭市網(wang)(wang)信辦、上(shang)(shang)海(hai)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)券同業公會發布本市互聯網(wang)(wang)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)券信息服(fu)務企(qi)業合(he)規(gui)指引(yin),在此基礎上(shang)(shang),還(huan)與市網(wang)(wang)信辦、上(shang)(shang)海(hai)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)監(jian)(jian)局簽訂(ding)合(he)作(zuo)備(bei)忘錄,進一步(bu)開(kai)展對網(wang)(wang)上(shang)(shang)非法(fa)(fa)期貨(huo)和(he)(he)衍(yan)生品交易的清(qing)理(li)和(he)(he)處置。
多(duo)方(fang)協同及早識別和預(yu)警(jing)新(xin)(xin)型(xing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui),推進(jin)新(xin)(xin)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融問(wen)題溯源治(zhi)理。準(zhun)確(que)把握合法(fa)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融創新(xin)(xin)與(yu)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融違法(fa)犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)界限(xian),聯(lian)合監管司法(fa)協同開展(zhan)對新(xin)(xin)型(xing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)識別和打擊,聚(ju)焦犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)前沿趨(qu)勢暢(chang)通(tong)信息共享機(ji)制(zhi),多(duo)方(fang)共研新(xin)(xin)型(xing)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融犯(fan)(fan)罪(zui)認定標準(zhun),強化金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)融風險防控精準(zhun)度。
逐步(bu)探索金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)檢(jian)察(cha)綜合履職范式,全面提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)隊伍(wu)專業(ye)(ye)化建設(she)。發(fa)(fa)揮證券期(qi)貨金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)犯(fan)罪研(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)、銀(yin)行保險(xian)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)犯(fan)罪研(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)、金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)創(chuang)新檢(jian)察(cha)研(yan)究中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)及專業(ye)(ye)化辦案(an)(an)團隊作用(yong),邀請高校學者、實務(wu)(wu)專家解(jie)讀(du)法規政策,并(bing)就新類型、疑難復雜案(an)(an)件(jian)開展(zhan)學術(shu)研(yan)討;受(shou)最高檢(jian)指派,上海(hai)市(shi)檢(jian)察(cha)院檢(jian)察(cha)官(guan)作為中(zhong)(zhong)國專家代表參加(jia)反洗(xi)錢國際標準(zhun)“資(zi)產沒收及強制措施”的修(xiu)訂項目并(bing)發(fa)(fa)揮積(ji)極(ji)作用(yong);不斷推進警(jing)示教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)和(he)法律服(fu)務(wu)(wu)工(gong)作,提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)從業(ye)(ye)人員(yuan)廉潔(jie)自律和(he)規范執業(ye)(ye)合規教(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)水(shui)平,積(ji)極(ji)開展(zhan)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)消費者保護(hu)工(gong)作,通(tong)過發(fa)(fa)布上海(hai)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)檢(jian)察(cha)白皮書等形式,向社會(hui)公(gong)眾通(tong)報上海(hai)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)犯(fan)罪案(an)(an)件(jian)發(fa)(fa)案(an)(an)情況(kuang)趨(qu)勢和(he)典(dian)型案(an)(an)例(li),開展(zhan)“守護(hu)錢袋子·護(hu)好幸福家”防(fang)范非法集資(zi)宣傳(chuan)月活動(dong)(dong),加(jia)大防(fang)范非法金(jin)融(rong)(rong)(rong)活動(dong)(dong)宣傳(chuan)力度。
下一步建議
針對案件中反映出(chu)的問題(ti),《白皮書》提(ti)出(chu)相(xiang)關建議:要加強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)涉外法(fa)治(zhi)研(yan)究,守(shou)住開(kai)放條件下的金(jin)融(rong)(rong)安全底線;加快形成金(jin)融(rong)(rong)檢察綜合(he)履職范式,以數字檢察賦能提(ti)升檢察專業素能;進一步完(wan)善金(jin)融(rong)(rong)領(ling)域監(jian)管(guan)統合(he),防(fang)范化(hua)解金(jin)融(rong)(rong)風(feng)險;健全金(jin)融(rong)(rong)領(ling)域行(xing)政執(zhi)法(fa)與刑事司法(fa)銜(xian)接機制(zhi),協同治(zhi)理金(jin)融(rong)(rong)生態(tai)環境(jing);繼續強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)金(jin)融(rong)(rong)機構風(feng)險防(fang)控和合(he)規(gui)管(guan)理,強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化(hua)審慎(shen)合(he)規(gui)經營理念(nian);切實保(bao)護投資者合(he)法(fa)利益,建設誠實守(shou)信(xin)的金(jin)融(rong)(rong)市場環境(jing)。
日期：2024-7-30 10:37:43 | 關閉 |
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