“騷擾電話”令手機用戶煩不勝煩,對電話號碼分門別類進行不良內容標注的手機安全軟件也應運而生。那么,號碼被標注為“騷擾電話”,是否會侵犯號碼戶主的名譽權?
吳之如/漫畫
一家提供法律服(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)(gong)司,通過手(shou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)App客(ke)戶(hu)端,向(xiang)廣大手(shou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)推(tui)送好記且(qie)吉祥(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)商務(wu)電(dian)(dian)話(hua)吉祥(xiang)靚(jing)號(hao)(hao),用(yong)(yong)(yong)以(yi)在手(shou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)咨詢法律問題時(shi)進行法律解答(da)。誰知,他們推(tui)送的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)話(hua)吉祥(xiang)靚(jing)號(hao)(hao)被國內一款知名的(de)(de)(de)手(shou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)衛(wei)士軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)標(biao)注(zhu)為“騷擾電(dian)(dian)話(hua)”,在向(xiang)對(dui)方提出清除該標(biao)注(zhu)未果后,該公(gong)(gong)司以(yi)侵(qin)犯(fan)名譽權為由,將手(shou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)衛(wei)士軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)開發商告上(shang)了法庭,請求判令手(shou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)衛(wei)士軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)開發商承擔(dan)侵(qin)權責(ze)任。手(shou)機(ji)(ji)(ji)衛(wei)士軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)開發商認為,他們僅通過軟(ruan)件(jian)(jian)平臺展(zhan)示用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)記,不存(cun)在侵(qin)權行為,拒(ju)絕承擔(dan)法律責(ze)任。那么,公(gong)(gong)司號(hao)(hao)碼(ma)被標(biao)注(zhu)為“騷擾電(dian)(dian)話(hua)”,討(tao)要名譽權能否(fou)獲得支持?
業務號碼被標注“騷擾電話”
上(shang)海天(tian)(tian)平(ping)信(xin)息技術有(you)限公司(si)(si)(以(yi)下簡稱(cheng)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)公司(si)(si))是一(yi)家從事互聯網法律(lv)服務咨詢的公司(si)(si),于(yu)2014年3月(yue)在上(shang)海注冊成立。
2016年(nian)年(nian)初,天(tian)平(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)與上海市(shi)一家保(bao)險公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(以下簡(jian)稱“保(bao)險公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)”)簽訂了《法律服(fu)(fu)務(wu)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)協(xie)議書》,合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)期(qi)限三年(nian),約定(ding)保(bao)險公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)客戶(hu)(hu)可在任何時間撥打法律咨詢電話,獲得天(tian)平(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)的服(fu)(fu)務(wu)律師(shi)專業的意見(jian)和幫(bang)助,用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)通(tong)過“保(bao)險金管(guan)家App”提交服(fu)(fu)務(wu)需求,由App將需求轉(zhuan)交至天(tian)平(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)業務(wu)系(xi)統,天(tian)平(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)將負(fu)責開發(fa)雙(shuang)方移動(dong)端系(xi)統之間的對(dui)接。雙(shuang)方合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)收費模式采用(yong)“統一收費,階段分(fen)成”的方式。在不侵犯客戶(hu)(hu)隱(yin)私和不違(wei)反(fan)保(bao)密約定(ding)的情況下,雙(shuang)方均可使用(yong)對(dui)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)過程中產生的大數據或其他有用(yong)信息(xi),以開拓其他市(shi)場機會(hui)或作(zuo)(zuo)市(shi)場分(fen)析等用(yong)途。
為(wei)了(le)提升法(fa)(fa)律服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)效(xiao)率,擴大法(fa)(fa)律服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)效(xiao)應,服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)經(jing)(jing)多方研判,選中一家(jia)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)好(hao)記并且(qie)吉祥的(de)(de)電話(hua)號碼021…××,經(jing)(jing)協商獲得(de)電話(hua)用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)特(te)別(bie)授(shou)權(quan)(quan),獲得(de)該(gai)吉祥靚(jing)號獨家(jia)使用(yong)權(quan)(quan)。隨(sui)后,服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)便(bian)通過“保險金管家(jia)App”,將該(gai)電話(hua)號碼作為(wei)天平(ping)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)提供(gong)法(fa)(fa)律咨詢(xun)(xun)的(de)(de)熱線電話(hua)向手(shou)機用(yong)戶(hu)推送。后因進行法(fa)(fa)律咨詢(xun)(xun)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)需要龐大的(de)(de)呼叫系統,天平(ping)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)遂將該(gai)業(ye)務(wu)(wu)(wu)外包給第三方,除與保險公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)簽訂(ding)法(fa)(fa)律服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)協議(yi)外,還(huan)與其他案外人簽訂(ding)服(fu)(fu)務(wu)(wu)(wu)協議(yi),操(cao)作模式與保險公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)相同。
2016年6月(yue)1日,天(tian)平公司(si)在“保險金管(guan)家App”正式(shi)上線(xian)。手機用(yong)戶通(tong)過(guo)點擊(ji)手機上“保險金管(guan)家App”欄目(mu)下“問律(lv)師(shi)”開始(shi)咨詢(xun)按(an)鈕(niu),屏(ping)幕就會顯示法律(lv)服務熱(re)線(xian)號(hao)碼021…××,回撥過(guo)去就會得到(dao)服務律(lv)師(shi)的解答(da)。天(tian)平公司(si)上線(xian)后,業務起色很(hen)快,每天(tian)接通(tong)電(dian)話1000次左右(you),有效(xiao)咨詢(xun)400至500次。
2016年(nian)6月27日,天平(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的服(fu)務律(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)在接聽(ting)手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)客(ke)戶法(fa)律(lv)(lv)(lv)咨(zi)詢(xun)時,被手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)客(ke)戶告(gao)知(zhi),其(qi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的服(fu)務熱線號碼021…××,被360手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)衛(wei)士軟件標注為“騷(sao)擾(rao)電話”。接此反映后,服(fu)務律(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)立(li)即將該情(qing)況匯(hui)報到(dao)天平(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)。天平(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)接到(dao)匯(hui)報后,對(dui)反映的問(wen)題當場(chang)(chang)進行(xing)現場(chang)(chang)驗(yan)證(zheng)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)領導先在自己的手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)上(shang)點擊(ji)“保險(xian)金管(guan)家App”欄目下(xia)(xia)“問(wen)律(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)”開(kai)始咨(zi)詢(xun)按(an)鈕,屏幕(mu)顯示(shi)(shi)“天平(ping)網律(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)服(fu)務021…××上(shang)海”。然后,公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)領導在自己的手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)上(shang)安裝360手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)衛(wei)士軟件,再次點擊(ji)上(shang)述欄目下(xia)(xia)的開(kai)始咨(zi)詢(xun)按(an)鈕后,屏幕(mu)顯示(shi)(shi)的卻是“天平(ping)網律(lv)(lv)(lv)師(shi)服(fu)務021…××上(shang)海,27人標記(ji)為騷(sao)擾(rao)電話”。公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)領導又(you)讓公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的其(qi)他幾(ji)個高管(guan)在手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)上(shang)驗(yan)證(zheng),得(de)到(dao)同樣(yang)的結果。
只要用(yong)戶(hu)在(zai)手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)上裝(zhuang)有360手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)衛士軟件(jian)(jian),公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)服(fu)務(wu)熱線就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)標(biao)注(zhu)為(wei)“騷擾電(dian)話(hua)”,手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)用(yong)戶(hu)往(wang)往(wang)就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)對(dui)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)服(fu)務(wu)熱線電(dian)話(hua)拒絕接聽,或(huo)者拒絕撥打。因360手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)衛士軟件(jian)(jian)知名度很高(gao),手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)用(yong)戶(hu)量(liang)巨大,長此以往(wang),不但(dan)會(hui)(hui)損害公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的(de)名譽,而且服(fu)務(wu)熱線的(de)呼(hu)叫量(liang)及咨(zi)詢(xun)量(liang)也會(hui)(hui)受到巨大的(de)沖擊。天平(ping)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)意(yi)識到該問(wen)題(ti)的(de)嚴重性,遂安排專人(ren)于當日(ri)向(xiang)360手(shou)(shou)機(ji)(ji)衛士軟件(jian)(jian)的(de)開發商北京奇(qi)虎科(ke)技有限公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(以下簡(jian)稱“奇(qi)虎公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)”)進(jin)行(xing)申(shen)訴,要求奇(qi)虎公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)立即清除(chu)對(dui)其(qi)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)服(fu)務(wu)熱線“騷擾電(dian)話(hua)”的(de)標(biao)注(zhu)。
接(jie)到申(shen)訴(su)后,奇(qi)虎公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)對(dui)該申(shen)訴(su)進行(xing)了充(chong)分分析,依(yi)據(ju)相關的法(fa)律法(fa)規及(ji)奇(qi)虎公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)的規定,于(yu)當日通過郵件向天平公(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)反饋號碼標記申(shen)訴(su)情況,表示已(yi)受理服務熱(re)線企(qi)業名片添加,未受理該號碼標記清(qing)除申(shen)訴(su)。
2016年7月4日、7月8日,天平公(gong)司(si)再(zai)次向奇(qi)虎公(gong)司(si)發送郵件(jian),就其(qi)服(fu)務(wu)熱(re)線電話號碼被標(biao)(biao)記為騷擾電話向奇(qi)虎公(gong)司(si)申訴(su)(su)(su)。奇(qi)虎公(gong)司(si)接連接到申訴(su)(su)(su)后(hou),對天平公(gong)司(si)服(fu)務(wu)熱(re)線號碼標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)內容進行了(le)清(qing)(qing)(qing)零。可是,清(qing)(qing)(qing)零之后(hou),在很短的(de)時間內,又有(you)用戶繼(ji)續將(jiang)該(gai)號碼標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)為“騷擾電話”,致使該(gai)號碼客觀上不能(neng)實際被清(qing)(qing)(qing)零,奇(qi)虎公(gong)司(si)回復天平公(gong)司(si)表示,申訴(su)(su)(su)號碼標(biao)(biao)記嚴重,不能(neng)處(chu)理標(biao)(biao)記,若近三(san)個月內無新增標(biao)(biao)記,則會自(zi)動清(qing)(qing)(qing)除。
討要名譽權訴至法庭
因多次申訴(su),奇虎公(gong)司一直未(wei)對自己公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)服務熱線電話(hua)號碼(ma)被標注的(de)(de)(de)“騷(sao)擾電話(hua)”進(jin)行清(qing)除處理,天(tian)平公(gong)司遂決定收集證據(ju),通過法(fa)律途徑(jing)來維護公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)合法(fa)權(quan)益。
2016年9月(yue)(yue)12日,應天平公(gong)(gong)(gong)司的(de)(de)申(shen)請,上(shang)(shang)海市徐匯區(qu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)證處對證據保(bao)全進(jin)行公(gong)(gong)(gong)證,并(bing)出具公(gong)(gong)(gong)證書,證明:點擊手(shou)(shou)機上(shang)(shang)“保(bao)險金(jin)管家App”欄目下“問律(lv)師”開(kai)始咨(zi)詢按鈕,屏幕顯(xian)示法律(lv)服務熱線號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)。在手(shou)(shou)機上(shang)(shang)安裝手(shou)(shou)機衛(wei)士(shi)(shi)安全軟件(jian)后(hou),再次點擊上(shang)(shang)述欄目下的(de)(de)開(kai)始咨(zi)詢按鈕后(hou),屏幕顯(xian)示“天平網律(lv)師服務021…××上(shang)(shang)海,310人標(biao)(biao)記為(wei)騷(sao)擾電(dian)話(hua)”。北(bei)京市方(fang)圓公(gong)(gong)(gong)證處于(yu)2016年11月(yue)(yue)25日同(tong)樣對證據進(jin)行保(bao)全,并(bing)出具公(gong)(gong)(gong)證書,證明:2016年5月(yue)(yue)28日至11月(yue)(yue)19日期間,021…××電(dian)話(hua)號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)被大量360手(shou)(shou)機衛(wei)士(shi)(shi)用(yong)戶(hu)標(biao)(biao)記為(wei)“騷(sao)擾電(dian)話(hua)”,標(biao)(biao)記時(shi)段(duan)分布全天24小時(shi),個別用(yong)戶(hu)將(jiang)該(gai)號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)標(biao)(biao)記為(wei)“響(xiang)一聲”“廣告推銷”,奇虎公(gong)(gong)(gong)司于(yu)7月(yue)(yue)28日、8月(yue)(yue)8日、11月(yue)(yue)16日對上(shang)(shang)述標(biao)(biao)記進(jin)行清(qing)零,但仍(reng)不斷有(you)用(yong)戶(hu)將(jiang)其標(biao)(biao)注為(wei)“騷(sao)擾電(dian)話(hua)”。
證據收集后,天(tian)平公(gong)司(si)(si)向(xiang)上(shang)海市楊(yang)浦(pu)區法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)起(qi)訴奇虎(hu)(hu)公(gong)司(si)(si),請求法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)判令奇虎(hu)(hu)公(gong)司(si)(si)立(li)即(ji)停止利用360手機衛士軟件將其(qi)(qi)(qi)公(gong)司(si)(si)服務號碼(ma)標注為“騷擾電話”的侵權行為,并判令奇虎(hu)(hu)公(gong)司(si)(si)承擔侵權行為給其(qi)(qi)(qi)公(gong)司(si)(si)造成(cheng)的損失人民幣10萬元;同時(shi)請求法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)判令奇虎(hu)(hu)公(gong)司(si)(si)消除因其(qi)(qi)(qi)侵權行為而(er)給其(qi)(qi)(qi)公(gong)司(si)(si)造成(cheng)的影響并在《北京青年報(bao)》《上(shang)海東方(fang)早報(bao)》及360網站公(gong)開道歉。
天平公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司訴稱:2016年6月(yue)以(yi)來(lai),本(ben)(ben)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司發現本(ben)(ben)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司從事互聯網法(fa)律(lv)服(fu)務(wu)咨(zi)詢所使用的(de)(de)電話號碼(ma)021…××被奇虎(hu)(hu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司旗下的(de)(de)360手機衛士軟件(jian)錯(cuo)誤地標記為(wei)(wei)“騷(sao)擾電話”。根據本(ben)(ben)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司產品(pin)服(fu)務(wu)流程(cheng),若客(ke)戶不下單咨(zi)詢,該號碼(ma)不會主(zhu)動撥打客(ke)戶電話,不存在(zai)騷(sao)擾行為(wei)(wei),奇虎(hu)(hu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司在(zai)未經調(diao)查核實的(de)(de)情(qing)況下將本(ben)(ben)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司的(de)(de)號碼(ma)標記為(wei)(wei)“騷(sao)擾電話”,經本(ben)(ben)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司多次申訴,奇虎(hu)(hu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司仍拒絕刪除騷(sao)擾標記,奇虎(hu)(hu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司的(de)(de)行為(wei)(wei)對本(ben)(ben)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司名譽權造(zao)成(cheng)了(le)嚴重侵犯,剝(bo)奪了(le)客(ke)戶對本(ben)(ben)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司咨(zi)詢服(fu)務(wu)的(de)(de)選擇權,給本(ben)(ben)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司造(zao)成(cheng)了(le)經濟損失,影響了(le)本(ben)(ben)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司正(zheng)常經營,故(gu)起訴至法(fa)院,作如上訴請。
天平公(gong)(gong)司還表(biao)示,因其公(gong)(gong)司的服(fu)務(wu)質量高,其公(gong)(gong)司服(fu)務(wu)熱線電話021…××被360手機衛士軟件(jian)標記為騷擾電話后,呼叫量及咨(zi)詢量未出現明(ming)顯下降,每(mei)天超過(guo)1000個訂(ding)單(dan),超過(guo)1分鐘的有(you)效(xiao)咨(zi)詢300至(zhi)400個,客戶(hu)滿(man)意度仍在90%以(yi)上(shang)。
法(fa)庭上,奇虎(hu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)辯(bian)稱,不(bu)(bu)同意天(tian)平公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)訴訟請(qing)求,理由(you)如(ru)下:第一,天(tian)平公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)主體(ti)不(bu)(bu)適格。本案(an)(an)(an)涉案(an)(an)(an)號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)為(wei)(wei)案(an)(an)(an)外(wai)人(ren)使(shi)用(yong),根據(ju)我國電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)實名(ming)制管理規定(ding),案(an)(an)(an)外(wai)人(ren)將(jiang)涉案(an)(an)(an)號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)授權(quan)(quan)給(gei)天(tian)平公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)使(shi)用(yong)是不(bu)(bu)合法(fa)的(de),天(tian)平公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)應獲得該號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)相關(guan)權(quan)(quan)利,包括名(ming)譽權(quan)(quan)。第二,本公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)不(bu)(bu)存在侵(qin)(qin)(qin)權(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)。是使(shi)用(yong)360手(shou)機(ji)衛(wei)士(shi)軟件(jian)的(de)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)將(jiang)本案(an)(an)(an)涉案(an)(an)(an)號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)標(biao)(biao)(biao)記為(wei)(wei)“騷(sao)擾(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)”,本公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)僅(jin)通過(guo)軟件(jian)平臺(tai)對用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)記予以(yi)展示。360手(shou)機(ji)衛(wei)士(shi)軟件(jian)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)記行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)并(bing)非(fei)侵(qin)(qin)(qin)權(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei),因此本公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)也不(bu)(bu)存在幫助(zhu)侵(qin)(qin)(qin)權(quan)(quan)。360手(shou)機(ji)衛(wei)士(shi)符合法(fa)律規定(ding),對“騷(sao)擾(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)”進(jin)行(xing)(xing)展示保護了(le)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)的(de)安寧權(quan)(quan)和接受(shou)真實信息(xi)的(de)權(quan)(quan)利。第三,天(tian)平公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)名(ming)譽權(quan)(quan)并(bing)未受(shou)到侵(qin)(qin)(qin)害。天(tian)平公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)無證(zheng)據(ju)證(zheng)明其未對用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)騷(sao)擾(rao)(rao),也無證(zheng)據(ju)證(zheng)明該號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)為(wei)(wei)天(tian)平公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)獨家(jia)使(shi)用(yong),是否(fou)存在其他途徑的(de)騷(sao)擾(rao)(rao)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)無法(fa)查實。本公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)將(jiang)涉案(an)(an)(an)號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)從電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)號(hao)(hao)(hao)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)、歸屬地、所(suo)有者標(biao)(biao)(biao)識等多個方面(mian)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)展示,不(bu)(bu)存在侮辱和誹(fei)謗(bang),未造成天(tian)平公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)社會(hui)評價的(de)降低(di)。第四,即(ji)使(shi)不(bu)(bu)存在侵(qin)(qin)(qin)權(quan)(quan)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei),本公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)仍(reng)積極采取了(le)補救(jiu)措施。天(tian)平公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)曾兩(liang)次發郵件(jian)給(gei)本公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)就被標(biao)(biao)(biao)記為(wei)(wei)“騷(sao)擾(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)話(hua)”進(jin)行(xing)(xing)申訴,本公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)均(jun)及時進(jin)行(xing)(xing)清(qing)零處理,因此不(bu)(bu)應承擔侵(qin)(qin)(qin)權(quan)(quan)責任。
奇虎公司(si)還就360手(shou)機衛(wei)士軟件(jian)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)了介紹:360手(shou)機衛(wei)士軟件(jian)系(xi)本公司(si)旗下(xia)運(yun)營(ying)的(de)免費(fei)軟件(jian),用(yong)戶可以非(fei)商業性、無限制數量地(di)下(xia)載、安(an)裝及(ji)使(shi)用(yong)該(gai)軟件(jian),軟件(jian)功能包(bao)括騷(sao)擾攔(lan)截(jie)(jie)、云(yun)標記等。其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)云(yun)標記功能可以對陌生(sheng)來電(dian)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)標記分類,用(yong)戶的(de)標記、舉報及(ji)用(yong)于云(yun)識(shi)別的(de)垃圾(ji)短信都會在加密(mi)處理(li)之后上傳到360安(an)全(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心云(yun)端,由(you)360安(an)全(quan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心在云(yun)端對這些信息進行(xing)(xing)(xing)有效的(de)數據(ju)分析并及(ji)時(shi)產生(sheng)最佳攔(lan)截(jie)(jie)和提示策(ce)略,最終同步至手(shou)機客(ke)戶端,同時(shi)也能幫助其(qi)他用(yong)戶進一步改(gai)善攔(lan)截(jie)(jie)效果(guo)。
標注系用戶真實評價不構成侵權
楊(yang)浦區(qu)法(fa)院經審理后認為(wei)(wei),侵(qin)害(hai)名譽權(quan)責任的構成要件(jian)包括行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)違法(fa)、行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)人(ren)(ren)主觀上(shang)有過錯、受害(hai)人(ren)(ren)確有名譽受損的事(shi)實、違法(fa)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)與損害(hai)后果(guo)之間有因(yin)果(guo)關(guan)系(xi)。
首先,本案天(tian)平(ping)公司(si)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)電話(hua)(hua)(hua)號碼,被大量使(shi)用(yong)(yong)奇虎公司(si)360手機衛士(shi)軟件的(de)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)標(biao)注為騷(sao)擾(rao)電話(hua)(hua)(hua),奇虎公司(si)通(tong)過其平(ping)臺對(dui)該客觀事實予以展(zhan)示,天(tian)平(ping)公司(si)并無(wu)證據(ju)(ju)證明其未使(shi)用(yong)(yong)該電話(hua)(hua)(hua)號碼對(dui)用(yong)(yong)戶(hu)進行騷(sao)擾(rao),亦無(wu)證據(ju)(ju)證明奇虎公司(si)存在主(zhu)觀過錯且行為違法。
其(qi)次,天(tian)平(ping)公司(si)當庭確認涉案(an)號碼(ma)被標記為(wei)騷擾電話(hua)后(hou),呼(hu)叫量(liang)、咨(zi)詢(xun)量(liang)以及用戶(hu)滿意(yi)度并未(wei)明顯(xian)下降,也無證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)(ju)(ju)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明其(qi)名譽(yu)受(shou)損的事實(shi),可見天(tian)平(ping)公司(si)經濟并未(wei)受(shou)損、社會評價也未(wei)下降。當事人(ren)(ren)對(dui)自己提(ti)出的訴訟(song)請(qing)求所依(yi)據(ju)(ju)(ju)的事實(shi)或者反駁對(dui)方訴訟(song)請(qing)求所依(yi)據(ju)(ju)(ju)的事實(shi)有(you)責任提(ti)供證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)(ju)(ju)加以證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明。沒有(you)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)(ju)(ju)或者證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)(ju)(ju)不(bu)足(zu)以證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)明當事人(ren)(ren)的事實(shi)主張的,由(you)負有(you)舉證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)責任的當事人(ren)(ren)承擔(dan)不(bu)利(li)后(hou)果。本案(an)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)據(ju)(ju)(ju)不(bu)足(zu)以認定奇虎(hu)公司(si)存(cun)在(zai)侵害天(tian)平(ping)公司(si)名譽(yu)權行為(wei),天(tian)平(ping)公司(si)訴訟(song)請(qing)求本院難(nan)以支持。
2019年1月25日,楊(yang)浦區法院依照《最高(gao)(gao)人(ren)民法院關于民事(shi)訴訟(song)證據的若干規定》《最高(gao)(gao)人(ren)民法院關于審理(li)名譽權(quan)案件若干問題的解答》的相關規定,作出一審判(pan)決(jue):駁回天平公司(si)的全部訴訟(song)請求。
一審判決(jue)后(hou),天平公(gong)(gong)司(si)、奇虎公(gong)(gong)司(si)均沒有提(ti)出(chu)上訴(su),一審判決(jue)發生法(fa)律效力。
(為保護(hu)當事人的隱私(si),文(wen)中單位名(ming)除北京奇(qi)虎(hu)科技有限公司外,均作(zuo)了相應的技術處理)
案后釋法:
如何判斷標注是否正當?
本案(an)(an)系上海(hai)首例因號(hao)碼標注引發的(de)名(ming)譽權(quan)糾(jiu)紛案(an)(an)件。因該案(an)(an)的(de)判(pan)決,涉(she)及(ji)成千(qian)上萬至億的(de)手機(ji)用戶,社(she)會影(ying)響大,法院判(pan)決后,第一(yi)時間通過媒體向社(she)會通報(bao)了案(an)(an)件。在通報(bao)中,法院指(zhi)出:
第一,判(pan)斷(duan)標注行為是(shi)否(fou)(fou)正當應以(yi)“內容是(shi)否(fou)(fou)失實”和(he)“是(shi)否(fou)(fou)宣揚他人隱私”為標準(zhun)。奇虎公司通過平(ping)(ping)臺對用戶標注結果加(jia)以(yi)客觀(guan)展示,反映了用戶對天平(ping)(ping)公司電話(hua)號碼性(xing)質(zhi)的真實評價。
奇(qi)(qi)虎公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)曾多(duo)次對涉(she)案號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)標(biao)注(zhu)清零,仍有用(yong)戶繼續(xu)將該(gai)號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)標(biao)注(zhu)為(wei)“騷擾電(dian)話”,因此,奇(qi)(qi)虎公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)標(biao)注(zhu)有事實(shi)依據,并非無中生有,借機誹(fei)謗、詆(di)毀、損(sun)害天平(ping)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)名譽,不(bu)能認(ren)為(wei)奇(qi)(qi)虎公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)具(ju)有發表內(nei)容失實(shi)言論的(de)行(xing)為(wei)。奇(qi)(qi)虎公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)將天平(ping)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)電(dian)話號(hao)碼(ma)(ma)展示為(wei)“騷擾電(dian)話”不(bu)涉(she)及天平(ping)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)的(de)個人信息、私人活動和私有領(ling)域,不(bu)屬于法律意(yi)義上的(de)宣揚他人隱私行(xing)為(wei)。
第二,展示(shi)行為(wei)正當性(xing)應當由各方(fang)承擔相應舉(ju)證(zheng)責任。該案中,天平(ping)公(gong)司(si)雖稱其(qi)號(hao)碼未實(shi)(shi)施騷擾(rao)(rao)行為(wei),但并未舉(ju)證(zheng)予以(yi)證(zheng)明(ming),而(er)奇虎公(gong)司(si)已證(zheng)明(ming)天平(ping)公(gong)司(si)使用的電話號(hao)碼被大量用戶(hu)標注為(wei)騷擾(rao)(rao)電話,奇虎公(gong)司(si)將其(qi)展示(shi)為(wei)騷擾(rao)(rao)電話有事實(shi)(shi)依據。
第三(san),展示標(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)結果(guo)符合治(zhi)理騷擾電(dian)話的社(she)會發(fa)展需要。安(an)全軟件的號碼標(biao)注(zhu)(zhu)功(gong)能幫助手機用戶(hu)甄別和預判來(lai)電(dian)性質,改善陌(mo)生來(lai)電(dian)攔截效果(guo),避免陌(mo)生來(lai)電(dian)未經用戶(hu)請(qing)求或許可,發(fa)送商業(ye)性信息,包括電(dian)子(zi)郵件、短信、電(dian)話等(deng),以保護(hu)手機用戶(hu)的安(an)寧權。
號(hao)(hao)碼標(biao)(biao)注相關技(ji)術(shu)既方(fang)便了用戶拒絕(jue)接收不(bu)(bu)愿意接收的信息,也符合社會治理騷(sao)擾電話的需要,有利于維(wei)護(hu)社會公共利益。在(zai)標(biao)(biao)注內容有事實依(yi)據(ju),標(biao)(biao)注行為(wei)不(bu)(bu)存在(zai)主觀惡意的情況下,不(bu)(bu)應輕易認定其(qi)侵權,以(yi)維(wei)護(hu)包括號(hao)(hao)碼標(biao)(biao)注技(ji)術(shu)在(zai)內的反騷(sao)擾技(ji)術(shu)健康發展。