cciia.org.cn 2021-4-12 11:05:04 人民法(fa)院報(bao)
員工張麗(li)（化名(ming)）在公(gong)司(si)未批準的情況下(xia)強行請長假被辭退，以(yi)公(gong)司(si)違法(fa)解除勞動合(he)(he)同(tong)為由申(shen)請仲裁(cai)，后(hou)公(gong)司(si)對仲裁(cai)裁(cai)決(jue)不(bu)服(fu)，向法(fa)院(yuan)提起訴(su)訟。重慶市(shi)武隆區人(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)院(yuan)一審(shen)判決(jue)公(gong)司(si)解除勞動合(he)(he)同(tong)合(he)(he)法(fa)，不(bu)予支付張麗(li)經濟(ji)賠償(chang)金(jin)。后(hou)張麗(li)不(bu)服(fu)提起上訴(su)，近(jin)日，重慶市(shi)第三中級(ji)人(ren)(ren)民(min)法(fa)院(yuan)依法(fa)駁回，維持原判。
2017年(nian)3月，張(zhang)(zhang)麗(li)與某(mou)(mou)石油(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司建立了(le)(le)無(wu)(wu)固定(ding)期(qi)限勞(lao)動合同關系，崗位為(wei)加(jia)油(you)(you)站(zhan)營(ying)業員。2018年(nian)11月，加(jia)油(you)(you)站(zhan)組織張(zhang)(zhang)麗(li)學習了(le)(le)違(wei)(wei)規(gui)違(wei)(wei)紀(ji)行為(wei)處分規(gui)定(ding)，其(qi)中(zhong)包(bao)含“曠工或者因公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)外出、請(qing)(qing)(qing)假(jia)期(qi)滿無(wu)(wu)正當理(li)由逾期(qi)不歸”等內(nei)容。2019年(nian)7月，張(zhang)(zhang)麗(li)以兒子(zi)生病需要照(zhao)顧為(wei)由，先后(hou)累計向公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司下設(she)(she)經營(ying)部(bu)請(qing)(qing)(qing)假(jia)20余天。請(qing)(qing)(qing)假(jia)到期(qi)后(hou)，張(zhang)(zhang)麗(li)繼續以相同理(li)由向公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司提出請(qing)(qing)(qing)假(jia)半年(nian)的(de)申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)，同時向下設(she)(she)經營(ying)部(bu)負責人(ren)(ren)郵寄(ji)了(le)(le)孩子(zi)的(de)診療證(zheng)明(ming)、住(zhu)院證(zheng)等材料，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司依據相關制度，未(wei)(wei)(wei)批(pi)準張(zhang)(zhang)麗(li)的(de)請(qing)(qing)(qing)假(jia)。之后(hou)，張(zhang)(zhang)麗(li)再次(ci)提交書面申(shen)(shen)請(qing)(qing)(qing)，請(qing)(qing)(qing)求公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司同意(yi)(yi)其(qi)以停薪(xin)留職(zhi)兩(liang)年(nian)的(de)方式照(zhao)顧孩子(zi)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司經研(yan)究也未(wei)(wei)(wei)同意(yi)(yi)。在(zai)此期(qi)間，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司下設(she)(she)經營(ying)部(bu)人(ren)(ren)事(shi)管理(li)負責人(ren)(ren)多次(ci)要求張(zhang)(zhang)麗(li)返回工作崗位，但張(zhang)(zhang)麗(li)一(yi)直以照(zhao)顧孩子(zi)、公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司遲遲不批(pi)假(jia)為(wei)由不上班(ban)。2019年(nian)11月，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司下設(she)(she)經營(ying)部(bu)召開會(hui)議，認為(wei)張(zhang)(zhang)麗(li)未(wei)(wei)(wei)經批(pi)準，長達(da)三個月未(wei)(wei)(wei)上班(ban)，屬(shu)于曠工，其(qi)行為(wei)嚴重違(wei)(wei)反(fan)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司勞(lao)動紀(ji)律(lv)，決定(ding)報請(qing)(qing)(qing)某(mou)(mou)石油(you)(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司解除與張(zhang)(zhang)麗(li)的(de)勞(lao)動合同。隨后(hou)，公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司就解除與張(zhang)(zhang)麗(li)勞(lao)動合同一(yi)事(shi)向工會(hui)征求意(yi)(yi)見，獲得(de)了(le)(le)工會(hui)同意(yi)(yi)。
2019年11月(yue)底，某石(shi)油公司通(tong)知張麗到其下(xia)設經營部，就解除勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)關系事宜進行了(le)溝通(tong)，出具了(le)“解除勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)證(zheng)明”，解除原因記載為：“孩(hai)子患孤獨癥(zheng)譜系障礙(ai)，需(xu)要母親在身邊不間斷陪伴，不能正常工作(zuo)，經單位(wei)研究決定(ding)與你解除勞(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)同(tong)”。
2020年(nian)3月，張(zhang)(zhang)麗以公司違法解除(chu)勞(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)為(wei)由，向勞(lao)(lao)動人(ren)事爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)委(wei)員(yuan)會申請(qing)勞(lao)(lao)動仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)，要(yao)求公司支付違法解除(chu)勞(lao)(lao)動合同(tong)賠(pei)償金12.5萬元。勞(lao)(lao)動人(ren)事爭(zheng)議(yi)(yi)仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)委(wei)員(yuan)審理后，作出了支持(chi)張(zhang)(zhang)麗的大部(bu)分(fen)請(qing)求的仲(zhong)(zhong)裁(cai)裁(cai)決。公司不服該裁(cai)決，向法院提起訴訟，請(qing)求不支付上述賠(pei)償金。
法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院經審理后認為(wei)(wei)，《中華人(ren)(ren)(ren)民共和國勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)》第三十九條(tiao)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動者嚴重違(wei)(wei)反(fan)用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位的(de)(de)規章制(zhi)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)，用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位可以解(jie)除(chu)(chu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動關(guan)系(xi)(xi)中，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動者享有休(xiu)假(jia)的(de)(de)權(quan)利，但其(qi)權(quan)力的(de)(de)行(xing)使應當(dang)符合(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規的(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)(ding)，也應在企業合(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)用(yong)工(gong)管(guan)理權(quan)的(de)(de)規制(zhi)之下，除(chu)(chu)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)(ding)(ding)節假(jia)日、休(xiu)息日外(wai)，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動者休(xiu)假(jia)應當(dang)經過用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位批(pi)(pi)準(zhun)。本案中，張(zhang)(zhang)麗請(qing)假(jia)期滿后一直(zhi)未回公(gong)司上(shang)班(ban)，期間雖然提交了延長請(qing)假(jia)申請(qing)，但未獲得(de)公(gong)司批(pi)(pi)準(zhun)，公(gong)司管(guan)理人(ren)(ren)(ren)員也一直(zhi)與(yu)(yu)張(zhang)(zhang)麗溝通，并給與(yu)(yu)了充(chong)分的(de)(de)考慮和機(ji)會。張(zhang)(zhang)麗擅離職守(shou)長達三個月，已(yi)嚴重違(wei)(wei)反(fan)了用(yong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)單(dan)位勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動紀(ji)律，該公(gong)司依照(zhao)管(guan)理規定(ding)(ding)(ding)對其(qi)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)定(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)曠工(gong)，是(shi)基(ji)本用(yong)工(gong)管(guan)理權(quan)的(de)(de)體現。該公(gong)司已(yi)向(xiang)張(zhang)(zhang)麗充(chong)分告知(zhi)解(jie)除(chu)(chu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動關(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)原因(yin)系(xi)(xi)其(qi)連(lian)續(xu)曠工(gong)違(wei)(wei)反(fan)公(gong)司制(zhi)度(du)(du)，并當(dang)面(mian)進(jin)行(xing)了通知(zhi)，“解(jie)除(chu)(chu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動合(he)(he)同(tong)證(zheng)明”載明的(de)(de)是(shi)張(zhang)(zhang)麗不(bu)能正(zheng)常上(shang)班(ban)的(de)(de)原因(yin)，并非公(gong)司解(jie)除(chu)(chu)雙(shuang)方(fang)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動關(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)原因(yin)。據此，法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院認定(ding)(ding)(ding)公(gong)司依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)享有單(dan)方(fang)解(jie)除(chu)(chu)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動關(guan)系(xi)(xi)的(de)(de)權(quan)利，解(jie)除(chu)(chu)與(yu)(yu)張(zhang)(zhang)麗的(de)(de)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)(lao)動關(guan)系(xi)(xi)合(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，遂作出上(shang)述判決。
張麗不服提起上(shang)訴，重慶三中院依(yi)法駁回，維持原判。
■法官說法■
用(yong)人單位可以(yi)依據規章(zhang)制度(du)解(jie)除勞動合同(tong)
《中(zhong)(zhong)華(hua)人(ren)(ren)民共和國(guo)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同法(fa)》及相關(guan)勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)法(fa)律(lv)對勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)休病(bing)假(jia)(jia)(jia)、年休假(jia)(jia)(jia)、產(chan)假(jia)(jia)(jia)、婚假(jia)(jia)(jia)等均作出相應的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)，但沒有(you)(you)關(guan)于(yu)事(shi)假(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)強制性規(gui)(gui)定(ding)。事(shi)假(jia)(jia)(jia)屬(shu)于(yu)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)內部管(guan)理和用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)與勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)之間意思自(zi)治的(de)(de)范圍，由用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)通過(guo)制訂規(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制度(du)確定(ding)。因此，勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)能不(bu)能請(qing)事(shi)假(jia)(jia)(jia)、能請(qing)多少天的(de)(de)事(shi)假(jia)(jia)(jia)，關(guan)鍵要看(kan)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)內部合(he)(he)法(fa)公示的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制度(du)及勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同中(zhong)(zhong)是否(fou)有(you)(you)關(guan)于(yu)事(shi)假(jia)(jia)(jia)的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)。勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)者(zhe)(zhe)向(xiang)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)申請(qing)休事(shi)假(jia)(jia)(jia)，用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)權依據(ju)規(gui)(gui)章(zhang)(zhang)制度(du)的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)定(ding)決(jue)定(ding)是否(fou)批準，未經用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)批準擅自(zi)離崗，被用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)以(yi)曠工為由解除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同的(de)(de)，不(bu)屬(shu)于(yu)違(wei)法(fa)解除勞(lao)(lao)(lao)動(dong)(dong)合(he)(he)同的(de)(de)情(qing)形。
日期：2021-4-12 11:05:04 | 關閉 |
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