cciia.org.cn 2021-8-20 16:15:23 人民(min)法院報(bao)
事故發生(sheng)后(hou)，車(che)主向(xiang)保險(xian)公司(si)(si)出具放棄商業(ye)三者險(xian)索賠(pei)聲(sheng)明(ming)書(shu)，該聲(sheng)明(ming)書(shu)是否(fou)有效，受害人(ren)能否(fou)主張保險(xian)賠(pei)償？2021年4月，河(he)南(nan)省許昌(chang)市建安(an)區人(ren)民法(fa)院(yuan)一審(shen)判(pan)決保險(xian)公司(si)(si)賠(pei)償受害人(ren)近親屬58萬余元。近日，許昌(chang)市中級人(ren)民法(fa)院(yuan)二審(shen)維持原判(pan)。
2020年10月，被告(gao)李(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)借用孫(sun)某(mou)(mou)(mou)的(de)私家(jia)車(che)(che)，在(zai)駕駛時(shi)撞到行人王某(mou)(mou)(mou)，致(zhi)其當場死(si)亡，李(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)駕車(che)(che)逃(tao)逸。當晚，驚慌(huang)的(de)李(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)找到車(che)(che)主孫(sun)某(mou)(mou)(mou)商量，由李(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)父親冒充(chong)肇事司(si)機頂包，并(bing)向(xiang)保險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)報案。該(gai)車(che)(che)在(zai)保險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)投保有商業三者險(xian)。三天后(hou)，在(zai)接受(shou)保險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)事故(gu)現場勘查詢問時(shi)，車(che)(che)主孫(sun)某(mou)(mou)(mou)如實陳(chen)述了事故(gu)經過，并(bing)在(zai)機動車(che)(che)輛保險(xian)放(fang)棄索賠(pei)聲明(ming)(ming)書(shu)上簽字捺(na)指印。該(gai)聲明(ming)(ming)內容包含：自(zi)愿(yuan)放(fang)棄因(yin)此次事故(gu)產生(sheng)的(de)全(quan)部損失向(xiang)保險(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)索賠(pei)的(de)權利，全(quan)部損失由本(ben)人自(zi)行承(cheng)擔；該(gai)聲明(ming)(ming)系本(ben)人真實意思表示，不存在(zai)任(ren)何的(de)欺詐、脅迫、重大誤(wu)解等情形。交警部門(men)認定，李(li)某(mou)(mou)(mou)負事故(gu)的(de)主要(yao)(yao)責(ze)任(ren)，王某(mou)(mou)(mou)負次要(yao)(yao)責(ze)任(ren)。
因雙方未能達成一致協(xie)議，受(shou)害人(ren)王某(mou)近親(qin)屬訴至法院，要(yao)求被告李某(mou)、孫(sun)某(mou)和保險公(gong)司(si)賠償死(si)亡賠償金、喪葬費等費用共計58萬余元。庭審中(zhong)，保險公(gong)司(si)認為，依(yi)據聲明(ming)書，其在(zai)商業三(san)者(zhe)險范圍內免除賠償責任；孫(sun)某(mou)則(ze)辯稱，聲明(ming)書是保險公(gong)司(si)利用優(you)勢地位單(dan)方制(zhi)定的(de)格式條款，應為無(wu)效。
建安區(qu)法院(yuan)審(shen)理(li)后(hou)認(ren)為，聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)明(ming)(ming)書是被(bei)(bei)(bei)告孫某(mou)在(zai)接受(shou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)詢問時，自(zi)認(ren)存在(zai)頂包報案后(hou)自(zi)愿出(chu)(chu)具，系事(shi)故發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)后(hou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)雙方(fang)經過真(zhen)實有效的(de)(de)(de)(de)個別協商，對(dui)商業(ye)三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)責(ze)任(ren)作出(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特別約定，不(bu)(bu)存在(zai)預先加重投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)或免(mian)除保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)應承擔(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)義務，而且，聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)明(ming)(ming)書中事(shi)故時間(jian)、路段、報案號和(he)放(fang)棄索(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)原因(yin)(yin)等重要信息，均由孫某(mou)手寫(xie)并(bing)捺有手印，不(bu)(bu)符合(he)(he)格式條(tiao)款實質性的(de)(de)(de)(de)判斷標(biao)準，該(gai)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)明(ming)(ming)書合(he)(he)法有效。關于(yu)孫某(mou)出(chu)(chu)具放(fang)棄索(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)明(ming)(ming)后(hou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)能(neng)否免(mian)責(ze)問題，商業(ye)三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是為了確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)因(yin)(yin)被(bei)(bei)(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)致害(hai)(hai)行為而受(shou)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)能(neng)夠得(de)到(dao)切實賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)而設立，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障的(de)(de)(de)(de)是因(yin)(yin)被(bei)(bei)(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)而受(shou)到(dao)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)人(ren)(ren)。根(gen)據(ju)(ju)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)法第(di)(di)(di)六十(shi)五(wu)條(tiao)“責(ze)任(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)被(bei)(bei)(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)給第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)造成(cheng)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)(hai)，被(bei)(bei)(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)對(dui)第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)應負(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)責(ze)任(ren)確(que)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)，根(gen)據(ju)(ju)被(bei)(bei)(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)請(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)應當直接向(xiang)該(gai)第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)。被(bei)(bei)(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)怠于(yu)請(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)有權就其(qi)應獲賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)部分直接向(xiang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)請(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)。責(ze)任(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)被(bei)(bei)(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)給第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)造成(cheng)損(sun)(sun)害(hai)(hai)，被(bei)(bei)(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)未向(xiang)該(gai)第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)得(de)向(xiang)被(bei)(bei)(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)(jin)(jin)。”受(shou)害(hai)(hai)方(fang)請(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)責(ze)任(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)權利獨立于(yu)被(bei)(bei)(bei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)請(qing)(qing)求(qiu)(qiu)權。本(ben)案中，孫某(mou)向(xiang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)出(chu)(chu)具的(de)(de)(de)(de)放(fang)棄索(suo)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)明(ming)(ming)書僅是其(qi)對(dui)自(zi)己(ji)權利的(de)(de)(de)(de)處分，根(gen)據(ju)(ju)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)相(xiang)對(dui)性原理(li)，只(zhi)能(neng)約束聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)雙方(fang)當事(shi)人(ren)(ren)，并(bing)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)對(dui)第(di)(di)(di)三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)法律效力，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)主張不(bu)(bu)承擔(dan)商業(ye)三(san)(san)者(zhe)(zhe)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)責(ze)任(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)理(li)由不(bu)(bu)能(neng)成(cheng)立。一審(shen)法院(yuan)判決被(bei)(bei)(bei)告保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)司(si)賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)死亡賠(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)償(chang)(chang)(chang)金(jin)(jin)(jin)等共(gong)計58萬余元。
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日期：2021-8-20 16:15:23 | 關閉 |
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