cciia.org.cn 2022-11-25 13:33:37 人(ren)民法院報(bao)
為(wei)辦(ban)理(li)銀(yin)行貸款，當事人(ren)(ren)向保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司購買了(le)小額貸款借款人(ren)(ren)意外傷害保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)。保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)期內當事人(ren)(ren)遭遇車(che)禍身亡，妻子劉(liu)某還(huan)貸后向保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司索賠，卻被保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司拒絕。近日，湖南省益陽市大通湖管理(li)區(qu)人(ren)(ren)民法院(yuan)審理(li)了(le)這(zhe)起保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)合同糾紛案件，依法判決保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公(gong)司向劉(liu)某支付保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)金5萬元。
張(zhang)某(mou)(mou)與某(mou)(mou)銀(yin)行(xing)簽訂《銀(yin)行(xing)借(jie)款借(jie)據》，申請貸款5萬元。同(tong)日，張(zhang)某(mou)(mou)向某(mou)(mou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)了小額貸款借(jie)款人(ren)(ren)意(yi)外(wai)(wai)傷(shang)害保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，張(zhang)某(mou)(mou)在《貸款借(jie)款人(ren)(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)憑(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)》上簽名，該憑(ping)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)除記載了被保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)姓名、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)額、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)期間等基本要素外(wai)(wai)，約定該保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)適用(yong)條款為該保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司小額貸款借(jie)款人(ren)(ren)意(yi)外(wai)(wai)傷(shang)害保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)（2014版）。據該保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)條款規定：“被保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)無合法有效駕(jia)駛(shi)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)駕(jia)駛(shi)或(huo)(huo)駕(jia)駛(shi)無有效行(xing)駛(shi)證(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)的(de)機動車造成身故或(huo)(huo)傷(shang)殘的(de)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)不(bu)承擔給(gei)付保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)金(jin)的(de)責任(ren)。”
該(gai)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)憑證對以下事項(xiang)進行了特別提示：“被(bei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)在本合同(tong)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)期間內發生合同(tong)約(yue)定的(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)事故，其保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)金的(de)(de)第一(yi)順位受益人(ren)(ren)為(wei)與被(bei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)簽訂借款合同(tong)的(de)(de)貸款單位；若被(bei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)已(yi)提前還(huan)清貸款，則受益人(ren)(ren)自動變更為(wei)被(bei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)本人(ren)(ren)或(huo)其法定繼承人(ren)(ren)。”“投(tou)保(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)或(huo)被(bei)保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)人(ren)(ren)須仔細閱讀保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)合同(tong)條款內容，并(bing)保(bao)(bao)證投(tou)保(bao)(bao)單各(ge)項(xiang)及(ji)告知事項(xiang)均屬實(shi)，沒有欺瞞。”
保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)期間，張(zhang)某(mou)無證駕(jia)駛兩輪摩托(tuo)車發生(sheng)交通事(shi)(shi)故，因(yin)傷重不(bu)幸去世。料理(li)完(wan)后事(shi)(shi)后，張(zhang)某(mou)妻子劉(liu)某(mou)償還了丈夫(fu)的銀行貸款本息后向保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司提出理(li)賠，但保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司以劉(liu)某(mou)不(bu)是適格的訴訟(song)當事(shi)(shi)人、張(zhang)某(mou)無證駕(jia)駛等為由拒絕理(li)賠。無奈之下劉(liu)某(mou)訴至法(fa)院，要求保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)公司支付張(zhang)某(mou)意外身故保(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)金5萬元。
大通湖管理(li)(li)區法院(yuan)審理(li)(li)后認(ren)為，本(ben)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)爭議(yi)焦點為：一、原告是(shi)(shi)否(fou)享有(you)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)金請求權(quan)。本(ben)案(an)所涉(she)的(de)(de)(de)(de)《銀行(xing)(xing)借(jie)(jie)(jie)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)借(jie)(jie)(jie)據》及《貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)借(jie)(jie)(jie)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)人(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)憑證(zheng)(zheng)》，均系合(he)同當(dang)事人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)真實(shi)意(yi)思表示，且內容未(wei)違反國(guo)家法律(lv)、行(xing)(xing)政法規的(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)制性(xing)規定(ding)，合(he)法有(you)效(xiao)，各方(fang)應嚴(yan)格遵守并履行(xing)(xing)合(he)同義(yi)務。張(zhang)(zhang)某(mou)在(zai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)期內意(yi)外死(si)亡，在(zai)張(zhang)(zhang)某(mou)貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)清償前，銀行(xing)(xing)享有(you)向(xiang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)理(li)(li)賠的(de)(de)(de)(de)權(quan)利，但在(zai)妻(qi)子劉(liu)某(mou)代替丈夫張(zhang)(zhang)某(mou)償還(huan)貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)后，銀行(xing)(xing)作為貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)利益已經得到保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)障，依據《貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)借(jie)(jie)(jie)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)人(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)憑證(zheng)(zheng)》約定(ding)，妻(qi)子劉(liu)某(mou)作為法定(ding)繼承人(ren)，享有(you)向(xiang)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)理(li)(li)賠的(de)(de)(de)(de)請求權(quan)。二(er)、保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)免賠主張(zhang)(zhang)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)成立。盡管保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)關于小額(e)貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)借(jie)(jie)(jie)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)人(ren)意(yi)外傷害保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)規定(ding)，“被保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)無(wu)合(he)法有(you)效(xiao)駕駛(shi)證(zheng)(zheng)駕駛(shi)或駕駛(shi)無(wu)有(you)效(xiao)行(xing)(xing)駛(shi)證(zheng)(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)機動車”屬(shu)于責任免除事由，但是(shi)(shi)《貸款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)借(jie)(jie)(jie)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)人(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)憑證(zheng)(zheng)》上僅注(zhu)明(ming)了(le)該(gai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)適(shi)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)名稱(cheng)，并沒(mei)(mei)有(you)附載該(gai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)具體內容，也(ye)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)證(zheng)(zheng)據證(zheng)(zheng)實(shi)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)向(xiang)張(zhang)(zhang)某(mou)送達了(le)該(gai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)也(ye)沒(mei)(mei)有(you)將免責條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)用足以(yi)引起投保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)注(zhu)意(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文字(zi)、字(zi)體、符號或者其他(ta)明(ming)顯標志(zhi)予以(yi)提示。因此，該(gai)免責條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)對張(zhang)(zhang)某(mou)不產生效(xiao)力，保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)應按(an)約履行(xing)(xing)賠付義(yi)務。
據此，法院(yuan)依(yi)法判決保(bao)險公司向(xiang)劉某支付保(bao)險金5萬元。保(bao)險公司不服提起(qi)上(shang)訴，益陽市中級人民法院(yuan)審(shen)理(li)后(hou)依(yi)法維持原判。
■法官說法■
本案中《貸款借款人(ren)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)憑證》約(yue)定，銀行是保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)金的第(di)一順(shun)位受(shou)益(yi)人(ren)，若張(zhang)某(mou)(mou)提前還清(qing)貸款，則受(shou)益(yi)人(ren)自(zi)動(dong)變更為(wei)張(zhang)某(mou)(mou)或其(qi)法定繼承(cheng)人(ren)。劉某(mou)(mou)在丈夫張(zhang)某(mou)(mou)去世后將(jiang)貸款還清(qing)，依保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)合(he)同約(yue)定，銀行的利益(yi)已(yi)得到了保(bao)障，其(qi)第(di)一順(shun)位受(shou)益(yi)權喪失，因此受(shou)益(yi)人(ren)自(zi)動(dong)變更為(wei)劉某(mou)(mou)，劉某(mou)(mou)有權向(xiang)保(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公(gong)司(si)提出理賠申請。
《貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)借(jie)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)人(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)憑(ping)證(zheng)》注明了《小(xiao)額貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)借(jie)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)人(ren)意外傷害保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)》的(de)(de)名稱，該(gai)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)規定“被保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)人(ren)無合法有(you)效駕駛證(zheng)駕駛或駕駛無有(you)效行(xing)駛證(zheng)的(de)(de)機動車”屬(shu)于(yu)免(mian)(mian)責(ze)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)，但(dan)該(gai)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)的(de)(de)內容沒(mei)有(you)在(zai)《貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)借(jie)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)人(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)憑(ping)證(zheng)》的(de)(de)正面和背面列(lie)明，更沒(mei)有(you)用足以(yi)(yi)引起(qi)投(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)注意的(de)(de)文字(zi)、字(zi)體、符(fu)號(hao)或者其他明顯標志予以(yi)(yi)提(ti)示，以(yi)(yi)使投(tou)(tou)保(bao)(bao)(bao)人(ren)張(zhang)(zhang)某了解(jie)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)內容的(de)(de)真實(shi)含義(yi)和法律(lv)后(hou)果。張(zhang)(zhang)某雖在(zai)《貸(dai)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)借(jie)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)人(ren)保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)憑(ping)證(zheng)》上簽字(zi)，但(dan)并(bing)不(bu)能(neng)視為保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公司對相(xiang)關免(mian)(mian)責(ze)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)盡到了明確說明義(yi)務(wu)，所以(yi)(yi)有(you)關免(mian)(mian)責(ze)條(tiao)(tiao)款(kuan)(kuan)(kuan)對張(zhang)(zhang)某不(bu)產生效力，保(bao)(bao)(bao)險(xian)(xian)(xian)公司應履行(xing)賠付(fu)義(yi)務(wu)。
日期：2022-11-25 13:33:37 | 關閉 |
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