cciia.org.cn 2023-10-30 16:50:16 人民法院報
導讀
給(gei)未(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)身，不(bu)僅(jin)會(hui)造成(cheng)未(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)皮膚(fu)過敏、感(gan)染，誘發皮膚(fu)病變，還可能使(shi)未(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)將來在求學、參軍、就業(ye)過程中受(shou)限，侵(qin)害(hai)未(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)健康(kang)權(quan)、發展(zhan)權(quan)、受(shou)保(bao)護權(quan)以及社會(hui)參與權(quan)等多項權(quan)利(li)。那(nei)么(me)，若有未(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)愿(yuan)文(wen)(wen)身，文(wen)(wen)身店(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)否需要承(cheng)擔責任(ren)呢(ni)？近日，北京市(shi)延慶(qing)區人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)民法院(yuan)訴前化解一(yi)起涉未(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)(wen)身糾紛，對文(wen)(wen)身店(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)否能以未(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)“自(zi)愿(yuan)”行(xing)為免除責任(ren)給(gei)出(chu)了答(da)案。法院(yuan)認為，未(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)以其(qi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)齡、智(zhi)力狀況、社會(hui)經驗等尚(shang)不(bu)能判斷文(wen)(wen)身對自(zi)己身體(ti)(ti)和(he)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)格利(li)益帶來的(de)損害(hai)和(he)影響，即使(shi)未(wei)成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)自(zi)愿(yuan)文(wen)(wen)身，文(wen)(wen)身店(dian)(dian)(dian)也(ye)應當(dang)承(cheng)擔相(xiang)應的(de)責任(ren)。該(gai)調(diao)解結果向(xiang)(xiang)社會(hui)傳遞(di)出(chu)鮮(xian)明的(de)價值導向(xiang)(xiang)，文(wen)(wen)身店(dian)(dian)(dian)作為市(shi)場主體(ti)(ti)應當(dang)嚴格遵守有關規定，誠信經營，切不(bu)可惑于商業(ye)利(li)益而冒(mao)險營業(ye)、違規服(fu)務。
文(wen)身中(zhong)學生(sheng)被(bei)學校(xiao)責(ze)令清洗后返校(xiao)
13歲的中學(xue)(xue)生小(xiao)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)結交了一些肄業青年做(zuo)朋友(you)(you)，見到這(zhe)些“朋友(you)(you)”胳膊(bo)上(shang)都(dou)有大片文(wen)(wen)(wen)身，小(xiao)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)覺得這(zhe)樣很(hen)酷很(hen)有個性，便想要(yao)跟他們(men)一樣，于是瞞(man)著(zhu)父母多次去文(wen)(wen)(wen)身。然而，“酷炫(xuan)”的文(wen)(wen)(wen)身沒有給小(xiao)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)帶(dai)來別人羨(xian)慕的眼光，反而麻煩不(bu)斷。在(zai)小(xiao)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)興奮地向(xiang)同(tong)學(xue)(xue)們(men)展(zhan)示(shi)自己的花(hua)臂時，同(tong)學(xue)(xue)們(men)卻(que)因為小(xiao)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的文(wen)(wen)(wen)身與他保持距(ju)離，就連平日在(zai)學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)里和自己最要(yao)好的同(tong)學(xue)(xue)小(xiao)李，也不(bu)再(zai)同(tong)小(xiao)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)一起玩耍。看著(zhu)同(tong)學(xue)(xue)們(men)與自己漸(jian)行漸(jian)遠，小(xiao)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)愈(yu)發無(wu)心學(xue)(xue)習，情緒狀態日漸(jian)低(di)迷。老師發現(xian)小(xiao)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的文(wen)(wen)(wen)身并詢問原委后上(shang)報(bao)了學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)，學(xue)(xue)校(xiao)(xiao)責令小(xiao)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)將文(wen)(wen)(wen)身清洗之后再(zai)行返校(xiao)(xiao)。
直到收到學(xue)(xue)校通知，小(xiao)張(zhang)的父母(mu)才得(de)知小(xiao)張(zhang)文(wen)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)一事，在惱怒之下嚴厲教(jiao)育了(le)小(xiao)張(zhang)。為了(le)能讓小(xiao)張(zhang)盡早(zao)返校，小(xiao)張(zhang)父母(mu)決定帶小(xiao)張(zhang)去清(qing)洗(xi)文(wen)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。然而(er)文(wen)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)已經形(xing)成，想(xiang)要清(qing)洗(xi)文(wen)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)需要通過(guo)激光等醫療方(fang)式進行去除，不(bu)僅費(fei)用高昂，且效果不(bu)佳、難以完(wan)全復原。在經歷了(le)無法上學(xue)(xue)、同(tong)學(xue)(xue)疏遠及清(qing)洗(xi)文(wen)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的痛(tong)苦(ku)后，小(xiao)張(zhang)逐漸意識(shi)到文(wen)身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)對(dui)自身(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)健康、學(xue)(xue)習、生活的影響，開始后悔自己的沖(chong)動行為。
因(yin)清(qing)洗費用與文(wen)身店主(zhu)產生(sheng)糾紛
數(shu)萬(wan)元(yuan)的清洗費(fei)用(yong)對小(xiao)張(zhang)父母而(er)言(yan)是一筆不小(xiao)的花銷(xiao)，看著小(xiao)張(zhang)一次(ci)次(ci)經歷清洗文身(shen)的疼痛，小(xiao)張(zhang)父母多(duo)次(ci)與(yu)文身(shen)店經營者王(wang)某溝通，希望(wang)其能夠(gou)承擔清洗文身(shen)的費(fei)用(yong)。然而(er)店主王(wang)某堅持認為(wei)自(zi)己沒有過錯，拒絕與(yu)小(xiao)張(zhang)父母協(xie)商。小(xiao)張(zhang)父母遂撥打12345市民熱線要(yao)求(qiu)王(wang)某支付清洗文身(shen)的費(fei)用(yong)。接(jie)到熱線工單后，延慶區(qu)未保(bao)委隨即聯系法(fa)院、檢察院、市場監管局(ju)、衛健(jian)委、城指中心(xin)等成(cheng)員單位(wei)召開涉未成(cheng)年人文身(shen)專項治理(li)研討會(hui)，部署(shu)該糾(jiu)紛矛盾化解工作。
小張的法定代理人郭某(mou)(mou)要求文(wen)(wen)身(shen)店經(jing)營(ying)者王(wang)某(mou)(mou)承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)孩子清洗文(wen)(wen)身(shen)的費用(yong)。文(wen)(wen)身(shen)店經(jing)營(ying)者王(wang)某(mou)(mou)則表示：1.文(wen)(wen)身(shen)店已(yi)有(you)明確標識，不(bu)向未成(cheng)年人提供文(wen)(wen)身(shen)服務；2.未成(cheng)年人自(zi)愿(yuan)前來文(wen)(wen)身(shen)，其(qi)沒有(you)義務索要和查看(kan)顧(gu)客身(shen)份證；3.小張文(wen)(wen)身(shen)時簽(qian)有(you)承(cheng)諾(nuo)書，承(cheng)諾(nuo)已(yi)滿十八周歲并知曉(xiao)文(wen)(wen)身(shen)可(ke)能產生的影響(xiang)。王(wang)某(mou)(mou)不(bu)同意承(cheng)擔(dan)(dan)清洗文(wen)(wen)身(shen)的費用(yong)。雙方各執一詞(ci)，調解陷入僵局。
多輪調(diao)解(jie)后雙方達成調(diao)解(jie)協議
為解決雙(shuang)方(fang)矛盾，延慶法(fa)院通過多(duo)部門(men)會商、資料(liao)梳理，迅速(su)制(zhi)定(ding)調解方(fang)案(an)并指(zhi)導區市場(chang)監督管理局(ju)當場(chang)進行調解。調解過程中，文身店經(jing)營者王某堅持自己無過錯(cuo)，拒絕支付任(ren)何費用。小張(zhang)父母情緒一度失控(kong)。
“孩(hai)子文(wen)(wen)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候可能并不知道文(wen)(wen)身(shen)對自己有(you)什么(me)風險，但是我們大人應該知道，這(zhe)不僅是對身(shen)體健康的(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)害更是對孩(hai)子未(wei)來發展(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)害。對于(yu)家長(chang)而言，還(huan)需要知道的(de)(de)(de)是孩(hai)子文(wen)(wen)身(shen)的(de)(de)(de)動機，是出(chu)于(yu)好奇還(huan)是希望(wang)引起家長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)關(guan)注？家長(chang)也應該反(fan)思為(wei)什么(me)自己沒(mei)有(you)第一(yi)時(shi)間發現孩(hai)子的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)身(shen)以至于(yu)孩(hai)子陷入(ru)如此困境。對于(yu)文(wen)(wen)身(shen)店經營者(zhe)而言，更應該知道，給未(wei)成(cheng)年人文(wen)(wen)身(shen)，這(zhe)不僅侵犯未(wei)成(cheng)年人的(de)(de)(de)權益(yi)，更是明令禁止的(de)(de)(de)行為(wei)，而且也有(you)違行業的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)范和(he)操(cao)守，不利于(yu)行業有(you)序和(he)健康發展(zhan)。”延慶(qing)法院法官從未(wei)成(cheng)年人權益(yi)保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)度出(chu)發，指導區市場監督管理局分別(bie)向雙(shuang)(shuang)方當(dang)事人釋法析(xi)理。經過(guo)多輪背對背調解(jie)，文(wen)(wen)身(shen)店經營者(zhe)王某認識(shi)到自己給未(wei)成(cheng)年人文(wen)(wen)身(shen)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)傷(shang)害，同意進(jin)行賠償；家長(chang)也逐步意識(shi)到自己在家庭教育中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)缺失。雙(shuang)(shuang)方最(zui)終達成(cheng)一(yi)致并簽署調解(jie)協(xie)議(yi)。為(wei)保(bao)障調解(jie)協(xie)議(yi)的(de)(de)(de)順利履行，延慶(qing)法院就該協(xie)議(yi)進(jin)行了司法確(que)認。
■裁判解析
向未成(cheng)年人提(ti)供文身服務(wu)需(xu)擔責
《中華(hua)人民共(gong)和國(guo)民法(fa)典》第十九條(tiao)規定(ding)(ding)：“八周歲以(yi)上的(de)未(wei)成年(nian)人為(wei)限制民事行為(wei)能力人，實(shi)施民事法(fa)律行為(wei)由其法(fa)定(ding)(ding)代(dai)理人代(dai)理或者(zhe)經其法(fa)定(ding)(ding)代(dai)理人同意、追認；但是(shi)，可以(yi)獨立(li)實(shi)施純獲(huo)利益的(de)民事法(fa)律行為(wei)或者(zhe)與其年(nian)齡、智(zhi)力相適應(ying)的(de)民事法(fa)律行為(wei)。”
文(wen)(wen)(wen)身(shen)(shen)(shen)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)是否(fou)屬于(yu)(yu)純(chun)獲利(li)益的行為(wei)(wei)？純(chun)獲利(li)益是指(zhi)限制行為(wei)(wei)能(neng)(neng)力人(ren)不(bu)會(hui)遭(zao)受法律上的負擔，也(ye)即不(bu)減(jian)損權(quan)(quan)利(li)、不(bu)增加義務。文(wen)(wen)(wen)身(shen)(shen)(shen)實質上是將(jiang)特為(wei)(wei)留(liu)下永(yong)久(jiu)標(biao)記的顏色物料(liao)注入(ru)皮(pi)膚(fu)(fu)內，屬于(yu)(yu)對(dui)(dui)身(shen)(shen)(shen)體的侵入(ru)式動作(zuo)。給未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)身(shen)(shen)(shen)，不(bu)僅會(hui)造成(cheng)(cheng)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)皮(pi)膚(fu)(fu)過敏、感染，誘發皮(pi)膚(fu)(fu)病變(bian)，還可(ke)能(neng)(neng)使未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)將(jiang)來在求學(xue)、參軍、就業過程(cheng)中受阻，侵害未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)的健(jian)康權(quan)(quan)、發展權(quan)(quan)、受保護權(quan)(quan)以(yi)及社(she)會(hui)參與權(quan)(quan)等多項權(quan)(quan)利(li)。對(dui)(dui)此，國務院未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)保護工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)領導小(xiao)組(zu)(zu)辦公(gong)室于(yu)(yu)2022年(nian)6月印(yin)發了《未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)身(shen)(shen)(shen)治(zhi)理(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)辦法》，對(dui)(dui)加強未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)身(shen)(shen)(shen)治(zhi)理(li)提出系列工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)舉措，規定(ding)任何(he)企業、組(zu)(zu)織和(he)個人(ren)不(bu)得(de)向未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)提供文(wen)(wen)(wen)身(shen)(shen)(shen)服務，不(bu)得(de)脅迫、引誘、教唆未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)文(wen)(wen)(wen)身(shen)(shen)(shen)。因此，文(wen)(wen)(wen)身(shen)(shen)(shen)非但無(wu)益于(yu)(yu)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)成(cheng)(cheng)長發展，反(fan)而會(hui)為(wei)(wei)其帶(dai)來諸多干(gan)擾。
根據(ju)《最(zui)高人民(min)(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)關于(yu)適(shi)用(yong)〈中華人民(min)(min)(min)共和(he)國(guo)民(min)(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)典〉總則編若干問(wen)題的(de)解(jie)釋》第五條規定，在(zai)(zai)判斷限制民(min)(min)(min)事行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)能力人實施的(de)民(min)(min)(min)事法(fa)(fa)律行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)是否與其年(nian)齡(ling)、智力、精(jing)神(shen)健康狀況(kuang)(kuang)相適(shi)應(ying)時，人民(min)(min)(min)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)可以(yi)從行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)與本(ben)人生活相關聯(lian)的(de)程度，本(ben)人的(de)智力、精(jing)神(shen)健康狀況(kuang)(kuang)能否理解(jie)其行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)并預見相應(ying)的(de)后(hou)果，以(yi)及標的(de)、數量、價款或者(zhe)報酬等方面認定。文(wen)身(shen)并不屬于(yu)與未成(cheng)年(nian)人日(ri)常生活聯(lian)系緊密的(de)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，且對(dui)未成(cheng)年(nian)人身(shen)體(ti)健康、就學(xue)就業、社會交(jiao)往、群體(ti)認同等方面存在(zai)(zai)不利影響。以(yi)未成(cheng)年(nian)人的(de)智力、精(jing)神(shen)健康狀況(kuang)(kuang)，并不具(ju)備理解(jie)文(wen)身(shen)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)并預見相應(ying)后(hou)果的(de)心智能力。即(ji)便
未成(cheng)年人在接受文身服務時是(shi)自(zi)愿的，也因其無法準(zhun)確辨別行為后果而導致處(chu)分身體的承(cheng)諾無效。
本案中(zhong)，小(xiao)張(zhang)進行(xing)(xing)文身(shen)時僅13歲，屬于限制(zhi)民(min)事行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)能力(li)人(ren)，文身(shen)既不屬于純獲利益的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)，亦(yi)不屬于與小(xiao)張(zhang)年齡(ling)、智(zhi)力(li)相適應(ying)的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)。在(zai)小(xiao)張(zhang)父(fu)母不同意(yi)其進行(xing)(xing)文身(shen)的(de)(de)情(qing)況下，該文身(shen)服務合(he)同確(que)定不發(fa)(fa)生效力(li)。行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)因該行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)取得(de)的(de)(de)財(cai)產，應(ying)當予以返還。民(min)事行(xing)(xing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)確(que)定不發(fa)(fa)生效力(li)時，有過錯(cuo)的(de)(de)一方(fang)應(ying)當賠(pei)償對方(fang)由此所受(shou)到的(de)(de)損失(shi)，各方(fang)都有過錯(cuo)的(de)(de)，應(ying)當各自承(cheng)擔相應(ying)的(de)(de)責任。
王某作為(wei)專門從事(shi)文(wen)身(shen)的(de)(de)經營者，明(ming)知文(wen)身(shen)直(zhi)接(jie)構成對(dui)身(shen)體的(de)(de)侵入(ru)、改造(zao)，在(zai)(zai)文(wen)身(shen)對(dui)象可能為(wei)未成年人的(de)(de)情況下未對(dui)其(qi)身(shen)份(fen)進行(xing)(xing)核實，仍基于商業利益擅(shan)自為(wei)小張(zhang)進行(xing)(xing)文(wen)身(shen)，存(cun)在(zai)(zai)明(ming)顯過錯，應(ying)當賠償小張(zhang)清洗文(wen)身(shen)的(de)(de)費用(yong)。
小張(zhang)的(de)監護(hu)(hu)人(ren)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)盡到教育(yu)、保(bao)護(hu)(hu)未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)子女的(de)義務，未及(ji)時(shi)發現和制止小張(zhang)的(de)行為(wei)，對(dui)損害的(de)發生(sheng)也有(you)(you)(you)過錯，可適當(dang)(dang)減輕王某(mou)的(de)責(ze)任。對(dui)監護(hu)(hu)人(ren)而言(yan)，應當(dang)(dang)按照最(zui)有(you)(you)(you)利(li)于被監護(hu)(hu)人(ren)的(de)原則履行監護(hu)(hu)職責(ze)。文(wen)身(shen)(shen)并非日常生(sheng)活所(suo)必需的(de)服(fu)務，也非未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)成(cheng)(cheng)長與發展的(de)有(you)(you)(you)益因素，為(wei)未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)文(wen)身(shen)(shen)不具有(you)(you)(you)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)利(li)益的(de)特征(zheng)，即使(shi)監護(hu)(hu)人(ren)同意未成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人(ren)文(wen)身(shen)(shen)，該(gai)同意或者(zhe)追認行為(wei)也無法使(shi)文(wen)身(shen)(shen)行為(wei)正(zheng)當(dang)(dang)化。
未成年(nian)(nian)人(ren)在(zai)成長(chang)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中普遍對接觸(chu)到的事物(wu)充滿好(hao)(hao)奇，若其在(zai)成長(chang)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中沒有(you)獲得關于(yu)文(wen)身意義的正確教育，就(jiu)很可能在(zai)好(hao)(hao)奇心(xin)的驅使下文(wen)身。因此，建議父母在(zai)未成年(nian)(nian)人(ren)成長(chang)環境中創造(zao)融洽家(jia)庭氛圍、提(ti)高(gao)未成年(nian)(nian)人(ren)自(zi)我認同、支持(chi)引導未成年(nian)(nian)人(ren)順利社會(hui)化。
■專家點評：
文身服務有悖于最(zui)有利于未成年人原則
北京交通大學法(fa)學院(yuan)副教授 陳力銘
2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)新修訂(ding)的《中華(hua)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民共和國(guo)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)法》明確規(gui)定了最有利(li)于(yu)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)原(yuan)(yuan)則，并且(qie)設(she)定了六項具體要(yao)求。隨著未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)意(yi)識逐步(bu)增強、未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)體系趨于(yu)完善，最有利(li)于(yu)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)原(yuan)(yuan)則已經成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)指(zhi)導(dao)與未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)利(li)益(yi)相關(guan)一切活動的準則。考慮(lv)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)身(shen)(shen)心不成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)的特點，不應以未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)“同意(yi)”作為(wei)(wei)侵(qin)權人(ren)(ren)(ren)免(mian)除責(ze)(ze)任的條(tiao)件，而應按(an)照有利(li)于(yu)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的原(yuan)(yuan)則擬制，即未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)同意(yi)文(wen)身(shen)(shen)的，文(wen)身(shen)(shen)店(dian)也應擔(dan)責(ze)(ze)。文(wen)身(shen)(shen)對身(shen)(shen)體造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)的創傷，具有不可逆(ni)、難復(fu)原(yuan)(yuan)等(deng)特征。未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)身(shen)(shen)后，易遭(zao)受社會排斥，給未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)心理(li)創傷，文(wen)身(shen)(shen)行(xing)為(wei)(wei)還會在未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)群體中產生模仿效應。未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)文(wen)身(shen)(shen)顯然損害未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)利(li)益(yi)，有悖于(yu)最有利(li)于(yu)未(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)原(yuan)(yuan)則，是應當禁止的行(xing)為(wei)(wei)。
未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)文身(shen)(shen)(shen)，關系到未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)康(kang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)，絕不(bu)是(shi)私事，也(ye)不(bu)是(shi)小事。未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)保護(hu)法進(jin)一(yi)步明(ming)確家(jia)庭、學校(xiao)及與(yu)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)保護(hu)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社會(hui)(hui)各單位(wei)，對(dui)(dui)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)育與(yu)保護(hu)負(fu)有(you)(you)共(gong)同責(ze)任。家(jia)長(chang)(chang)(chang)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)保護(hu)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)責(ze)任人(ren)(ren)(ren)，應(ying)當(dang)依法履行(xing)(xing)家(jia)庭教(jiao)育責(ze)任，積極、正確、健(jian)康(kang)地參與(yu)和(he)陪伴(ban)孩子成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)，關注孩子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身(shen)(shen)(shen)心健(jian)康(kang)，在孩子產生文身(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動機(ji)時進(jin)行(xing)(xing)及時有(you)(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勸(quan)阻(zu)，為(wei)(wei)孩子的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)健(jian)康(kang)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)創造良好、和(he)睦、文明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)庭環境；學校(xiao)是(shi)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)過程中重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)學場所，應(ying)當(dang)全(quan)面宣(xuan)傳文身(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)害性(xing)，依托“法治副校(xiao)長(chang)(chang)(chang)”機(ji)制，有(you)(you)針對(dui)(dui)性(xing)地開(kai)展法治教(jiao)育活動，引導未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)樹立(li)和(he)踐行(xing)(xing)社會(hui)(hui)主義核心價(jia)值觀；社會(hui)(hui)是(shi)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大環境，一(yi)方(fang)面要為(wei)(wei)文身(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)提(ti)供心理(li)、醫(yi)療、法律等(deng)(deng)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幫助，另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)面要通過媒體宣(xuan)傳讓未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)充分認識到文身(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)害性(xing)，增強自我保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)識和(he)能(neng)力(li)，理(li)性(xing)拒絕文身(shen)(shen)(shen)；最后，作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)文身(shen)(shen)(shen)服(fu)務(wu)提(ti)供者，不(bu)得(de)對(dui)(dui)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)提(ti)供文身(shen)(shen)(shen)服(fu)務(wu)，對(dui)(dui)于難以判(pan)斷是(shi)否是(shi)未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，應(ying)當(dang)通過核實身(shen)(shen)(shen)份、年(nian)(nian)齡等(deng)(deng)方(fang)式(shi)避(bi)免和(he)預(yu)防未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)文身(shen)(shen)(shen)事件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發生，不(bu)僅(jin)要將“不(bu)向未(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)人(ren)(ren)(ren)提(ti)供文身(shen)(shen)(shen)服(fu)務(wu)”成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)行(xing)(xing)業共(gong)識，更應(ying)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)執業底(di)線。
未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人認知(zhi)辨(bian)別能力相(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)弱，家長、學(xue)校(xiao)和相(xiang)關(guan)部門(men)要更好地(di)肩負起自身責任，加(jia)強協作配合，給(gei)予未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人積(ji)極的引導(dao)，齊心協力為未(wei)成(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)人健(jian)康成(cheng)(cheng)長營造健(jian)康向上(shang)的社會環境。
日期：2023-10-30 16:50:16 | 關閉 |
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