cciia.org.cn 2024-1-24 9:14:24 中國法院網(wang)
對方未按時支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)貨(huo)款，能否沒收對方已預(yu)付(fu)(fu)的定金？日前，廣西壯族(zu)自治區(qu)貴港(gang)(gang)市港(gang)(gang)北區(qu)人民法院審結(jie)了一(yi)起買賣(mai)合同糾紛案(an)，認定該(gai)案(an)不適(shi)用定金罰則，判(pan)決乙公司向甲(jia)公司支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)貨(huo)款305.99萬(wan)元并支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)利息(xi)，王某和劉某對上(shang)述(shu)債(zhai)務承(cheng)擔連(lian)帶清(qing)償責任。
2022年5月13日，甲(jia)(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)與(yu)乙公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)簽(qian)訂《活立木(mu)采(cai)(cai)伐(fa)(fa)銷售合(he)同(tong)(tong)》。乙公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)向甲(jia)(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)采(cai)(cai)購甲(jia)(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)中標(biao)范(fan)圍內的(de)(de)林(lin)木(mu)。雙方(fang)約定(ding)采(cai)(cai)伐(fa)(fa)樹種、采(cai)(cai)伐(fa)(fa)地點，并約定(ding)兩(liang)筆定(ding)金(jin)的(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)時間。合(he)同(tong)(tong)同(tong)(tong)時約定(ding)，乙公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)未按(an)照合(he)同(tong)(tong)規定(ding)的(de)(de)期(qi)限足額向甲(jia)(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)合(he)同(tong)(tong)項下(xia)(xia)采(cai)(cai)伐(fa)(fa)標(biao)的(de)(de)活立木(mu)價格和定(ding)金(jin)及交易服(fu)務(wu)費(fei)的(de)(de)、未在期(qi)限內完成林(lin)木(mu)采(cai)(cai)伐(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)、無證、越(yue)界采(cai)(cai)伐(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)，視為乙公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)違約，甲(jia)(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)有(you)權單方(fang)面終止合(he)同(tong)(tong)，并沒收乙公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)給甲(jia)(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)的(de)(de)定(ding)金(jin)。王某、劉(liu)某自愿為乙公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)在案涉銷售合(he)同(tong)(tong)項下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)全部債務(wu)提供連帶保證擔保。之(zhi)后，乙公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)依約向甲(jia)(jia)公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)(si)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)兩(liang)筆定(ding)金(jin)。
合同(tong)履行過程中，乙(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)未(wei)(wei)按(an)約向(xiang)甲(jia)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)第二期(qi)(qi)、第三期(qi)(qi)貨款(kuan)。甲(jia)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)多(duo)次催討(tao)未(wei)(wei)果，遂(sui)訴(su)至法(fa)院，聲稱乙(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)未(wei)(wei)按(an)約支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)剩余貨款(kuan)，且未(wei)(wei)經其發放采伐證而擅(shan)自砍(kan)伐林木，構成違(wei)約，同(tong)時乙(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)超時采伐，其有權沒(mei)收(shou)乙(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)已預(yu)付(fu)(fu)(fu)的定金206.8萬元，故要求乙(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)(si)、王(wang)某、劉某支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)活立木貨款(kuan)共(gong)計513.69萬元并支(zhi)付(fu)(fu)(fu)利息。
港北(bei)法院審(shen)理后認為，甲(jia)公(gong)司(si)(si)將其獲得采(cai)(cai)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)銷售(shou)權利(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)某林場范(fan)圍內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)林木(mu)轉讓(rang)給乙(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)采(cai)(cai)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)銷售(shou)，乙(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)貨款(kuan)，雙(shuang)方之間構成(cheng)買賣合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法律關(guan)系。甲(jia)公(gong)司(si)(si)與乙(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)簽訂《活立木(mu)采(cai)(cai)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)銷售(shou)合(he)同(tong)》的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是變(bian)更案(an)(an)涉(she)林木(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)銷售(shou)權利(li)，根(gen)據驗(yan)收申報表及結(jie)合(he)雙(shuang)方當事人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陳述，可以(yi)認定乙(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)已經砍(kan)伐(fa)(fa)(fa)案(an)(an)涉(she)全部林木(mu)，案(an)(an)涉(she)銷售(shou)合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)同(tong)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)已經實現。根(gen)據合(he)同(tong)約定、付(fu)(fu)款(kuan)明細，乙(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)存在遲延支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)貨款(kuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)為，但該遲延履行(xing)(xing)并(bing)未(wei)導致合(he)同(tong)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)能(neng)實現，故本(ben)案(an)(an)不(bu)適(shi)用定金罰(fa)則，不(bu)支(zhi)(zhi)持甲(jia)公(gong)司(si)(si)沒收乙(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)已預付(fu)(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定金的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)張(zhang)。根(gen)據到案(an)(an)證據，乙(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)實際已支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)兩筆定金合(he)計207.7萬元(yuan)(yuan)，根(gen)據法律規(gui)定，應(ying)當抵(di)作價款(kuan)。扣減已付(fu)(fu)部分，乙(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)尚欠貨款(kuan)為305.99萬元(yuan)(yuan)，最終判決乙(yi)公(gong)司(si)(si)向甲(jia)公(gong)司(si)(si)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)貨款(kuan)305.99萬元(yuan)(yuan)并(bing)支(zhi)(zhi)付(fu)(fu)利(li)息，王(wang)某和劉某對上述債(zhai)務承擔(dan)連帶清償(chang)責任(ren)。
甲公(gong)司不服一審(shen)(shen)判(pan)決(jue)，向(xiang)貴(gui)港市中級人民法(fa)院提起上訴(su)。貴(gui)港市中院審(shen)(shen)理(li)后(hou)依法(fa)作(zuo)出(chu)“駁回上訴(su)、維持(chi)原判(pan)”的終審(shen)(shen)判(pan)決(jue)。
【法官說法】
《中(zhong)華人民共和國民法典》第587條規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)：“債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)人履(lv)(lv)(lv)行債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)，定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)金應當(dang)(dang)抵作(zuo)價(jia)款或(huo)者(zhe)收回(hui)。給付定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)金的(de)(de)(de)一方(fang)不履(lv)(lv)(lv)行債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)或(huo)者(zhe)履(lv)(lv)(lv)行債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)不符合(he)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，致使(shi)不能實(shi)現合(he)同(tong)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)，無權請求返(fan)還(huan)(huan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)金；收受定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)金的(de)(de)(de)一方(fang)不履(lv)(lv)(lv)行債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)或(huo)者(zhe)履(lv)(lv)(lv)行債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)不符合(he)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，致使(shi)不能實(shi)現合(he)同(tong)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)，應當(dang)(dang)雙倍返(fan)還(huan)(huan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)金。”如上所述，定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)金具(ju)有(you)擔保(bao)功能，其擔保(bao)功能通過懲罰性(xing)規則(ze)，即(ji)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)金罰則(ze)實(shi)現。根據該條規定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，“履(lv)(lv)(lv)行債(zhai)務(wu)(wu)(wu)不符合(he)約(yue)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”包括不完全(quan)履(lv)(lv)(lv)行合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)形，但無論是拒絕履(lv)(lv)(lv)行合(he)同(tong)，還(huan)(huan)是不完全(quan)履(lv)(lv)(lv)行合(he)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)形，定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)金罰則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)適用條件是“合(he)同(tong)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)無法實(shi)現”。本案(an)中(zhong)，乙公司遲延支付貨(huo)款的(de)(de)(de)行為并未導致合(he)同(tong)目(mu)(mu)的(de)(de)(de)不能實(shi)現，故不適用定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)金罰則(ze)。
日期：2024-1-24 9:14:24 | 關閉 |
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